scholarly journals Comparison of the effectiveness of different antimicrobial surface technologies

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-357
Author(s):  
Sebastian Buhl ◽  
Sebastian Käs ◽  
Alexander Stich ◽  
Sabine Gruber ◽  
Clemens Bulitta
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Risk Environment ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Antibacterial Surface ◽  
Strong Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Strong Antimicrobial Activity

AbstractThe risk of infection via microbiologically contaminated surfaces has already been demonstrated by other publications. In this work two different antibacterial surface technologies transition metalloacids (AMiSTec) and TiO2/AgNO3 (Health Complete) were compared regarding feasibility as well as their advantages and disadvantages. The examination of the antimicrobial activity was assessed according to the JIS Z 2801. We could demonstrate that all of our tested samples showed a strong antimicrobial activity (>log 3 germ reduction) in the JIS experiments. Furthermore this strong antibacterial effect could be shown already after <30min incubation and at low light intensity (approx. 300 Lux) for the TiO2/AgNO3 samples. Both technologies provide a high potential for an improved infection control for example in a high risk environment like operation rooms or intensive care units.

High-titer production and strong antimicrobial activity of sophorolipids fromRhodotorula bogoriensis

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 867-874 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel K.Y. Solaiman ◽  
Richard D. Ashby ◽  
Nicole V. Crocker
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
High Titer ◽  
Strong Antimicrobial Activity

scholarly journals Total Phenol Content and Antimicrobial Activity of Lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) from Several Areas in the Eastern Carpathians

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Éva LASLO ◽  
Zoltán Attila KÖBÖLKUTI
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Bioactive Compound ◽  
Total Phenol ◽  
Total Phenol Content ◽  
Phenol Content ◽  
Eastern Carpathians ◽  
Spoilage Bacteria ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Similar Growth

This study evaluated the antimicrobial activity and the total phenol content of Vaccinium vitis idaea L. berry fruit from five different localities with distinct growth sites in the Eastern Carpathians. The antibacterial effect of lingonberry was studied on nine selected Gram-positive and negative, foodborne, illness causing and spoilage bacteria. The total phenol content was estimated by the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The present results showed stronger antibacterial effect of lingonberry on Gram-negative bacteria, especially on Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The total phenol content varied between 3.72 and 2.1 mM GAE/ml. As data suggested, Vaccinium vitis-idaea fruits originating from different geographic regions and environment, differ from each other in terms of bioactive compound quantity and activity. In the selection of new perspective cultivars of lingonberry, the geographical origin of fruits must be considered. Two Step Cluster analysis detected relatively well supported relationship between samples provided from similar growth sites. Correlation analysis showed no correlation between altitude, phenol content and antimicrobial activity.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Antibacterial Effects of Fissure Sealants Containing Chitosan Nanoparticles

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Sedighe Sadat Hashemi kamangar ◽  
Houtan Zareian ◽  
Abbas Bahador ◽  
Maryam Pourhajibagher ◽  
Zahra Bashareh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fissure Sealants ◽  
Biofilm Inhibition ◽  
Biofilm Growth ◽  
Fissure Sealant ◽  
Significant Difference

Objectives. The present study evaluated the antimicrobial effects of fissure sealants containing chitosan nanoparticles. Materials and Methods. Antibacterial effect of Master Dent fissure sealant alone and after incorporating chitosan nanoparticles was evaluated on Streptococcus mutans, sanguis, and Lactobacillus acidophilus. Biofilm growth was evaluated by determining colony counts. Antimicrobial effect was determined on days 3, 15, and 30 by counting microbial colonies using eluted components test. One-way ANOVA, Tukey HSD tests, t test, and two-way ANOVA were used for statistical analyses (α = 0.05). Results. Biofilm inhibition test showed that fissure sealant containing 1 wt.% chitosan decreased colony counts significantly ( P < 0.05 ). Eluted components test with S. mutans and sanguis showed significant decrease in colony counts during the first 15 days in chitosan containing group; however, from day 30, antimicrobial activity decreased noticeably, with no significant difference from control group ( P > 0.05 ). Antimicrobial activity against L. acidophilus was maintained in chitosan group up to 30 days, and decrease in colony counts was significant ( P < 0.05 ). Conclusion. According to the results of this study, incorporation of 1 wt.% chitosan into fissure sealant induced an antimicrobial activity. Antibacterial effect on L. acidophilus persisted for longer time (30 days) compared to the two other bacterial species (15 days).

scholarly journals PSVII-32 In vitro evaluation of antimicrobial activity of short- and medium-chain fatty acid salts and their combinations against Streptococcus suis

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 465-466
Author(s):  
Cinta Sol ◽  
Mónica Puyalto ◽  
Bernat Canal ◽  
Ana Maria Carvajal ◽  
Manuel Gómez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Sodium Butyrate ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Medium Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Strong Antimicrobial Activity

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of organic acid salts against six field isolates of Streptococcus suis. The three products evaluated were sodium salt of coconut fatty acids distillate (DIC) alone and two combinations with sodium butyrate (NaBut): DIC70:30, being 70% of NaBut protected with 30% of DIC; and DIC50:50, being 50% of NaBut protected with 50% of DIC. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed to estimate the MIC values for each product and strain by the broth microdilution method at pH 6.0. MBC values were also determined by sub-culturing supernatant from wells without evident bacterial growth. The values of MIC50/MBC50 were calculated as the concentration which inhibited/killed 50% of the isolates tested. The MIC50 showed DIC as the most effective (8 ppm) against S. suis followed by DIC50:50 (32 ppm) and DIC70:30 (64 ppm). The MBC50 demonstrated a similar trend, DIC being the most effective (16 ppm) followed by DIC50:50 (64 ppm) and DIC70:30 (64 ppm). It is well known that butyric acid is a short-chain fatty acid which has strong antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative bacteria. In contrast, coconut fatty acids distillate is a medium-chain fatty acid source (MCFA) rich in lauric acid which has strong antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria. Both products are generally available as salts to facilitate their application in feed. In this study, the results showed that DIC was the most effective against the Gram-positive bacteria tested, followed by DIC50:50 and DIC70:30, the sodium butyrate-based products. As expected, a higher concentration of MCFA in the tested product was associated with a higher inhibitory and bactericidal activity. Further studies would be required to better understand these interactions as well as in vivo studies to demonstrate the effects on microbial populations.

Combined Effect of Hop Resins and Sodium Hexametaphosphate against Certain Strains of Escherichia coli

2000 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 735-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
TADASHI FUKAO ◽  
HARUMICHI SAWADA ◽  
YOSHIYUKI OHTA
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Combined Effect ◽  
Sodium Hexametaphosphate ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Phase Growth ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Cell Components ◽  
Strong Antimicrobial Activity

The combined antimicrobial effects of hop resins with sodium hexametaphosphate, glycerol monocaprate, and lysozyme were investigated aiming to make an effective agent against Escherichia coli. When they are used separately, the antimicrobial activity against E. coli was minimal. However, the combination of hop resins with sodium hexametaphosphate exhibited strong antimicrobial activity against E. coli, but no effect was found in combinations of hop resins with the other agents. The activity was strongest when the combination was added at the beginning of growth of the bacteria, resulting in a prolonged lag phase. However, when the antimicrobials were added during the log phase, growth was depressed considerably. By addition of these materials, cell components with absorbance near 260 nm were leaked out. This possibly may have resulted from damage to the cell membranes of the bacteria. The combined effect was also detected in model food systems such as mashed potatos. The use of hop resins and sodium hexametaphosphate in combination may thus be useful for controlling E. coli.

Appropriate Antibiotic Selection and Use for Intensive Care Unit Patients, Part I: Rationale for Antibiotic Choices

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard M Pino ◽  
Molly Paras ◽  
Erica S Shenoy
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Vascular Supply ◽  
Surgical Patient ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Selection ◽  
Key Words Antibiotics ◽  
Surgical Icu ◽  
Selection Of

The aim of this review is to help clinicians optimize treatment of infections and reduce adverse events. With that goal in mind, we discuss the basis for the selection of antibiotics for the surgical patient in the intensive care unit (ICU), the mechanism of antibiotic action, and resistance of pathogens to antibiotic therapy—factors that may affect antibiotic levels, the rationales for dosing, and the role of antimicrobial stewardship programs. The evaluation and management of infections in critically ill patients are uniquely different from those of the general patient population. Age, medical comorbidities, alterations in anatomy, changes in vascular supply, insertion of vascular conduits, and orthopedic hardware are some factors that increase the risk of infection and influence antibiotic choice in the surgical ICU patient.  Key words: antibiotics, antibiotic resistance, antibiotic stewardship, intensive care unit

NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS DUE TO KANAMYCIN-RESISTANT, [R]-FACTOR CARRYING ENTERIC ORGANISMS IN AN INTENSIVE CARE NURSERY

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-402
Author(s):  
Kathleen Davis Eisenach ◽  
Rose Marie Reber ◽  
Donald V. Eitzman ◽  
Herman Baer
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Perinatal Complications ◽  
R Factor ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Therapeutic Procedures ◽  
Intensive Care Nursery

During a 12-month period, an infection rate of 10% with kanamycin-resistant, resistance-factor (R-factor) carrying enteric organisms was observed in 236 infants admitted to an intensive care nursery (ICN), with a mortality of 38%. Maternal and perinatal complications did not predispose to infection. In contrast, a combination of therapeutic procedures (surgery, use of penicillin and kanamycin, catheters, ventilation) was associated with increased risk of infection. About 90% of the infants admitted to the ICN became colonized with the resistant organisms, and intestinal tract and groin showed the highest rate of colonization. The majority of the personnel in the ICN carried the organisms in the intestinal tract and on the hands. Handwashing with hexachlorophene failed to reduce the contamination significantly. While the main source of organisms was the colonized and/or infected infants, transmission probably occurred via the hands of personnel.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the antimicrobial effects of atracurium, rocuronium and mivacurium. Antimicrobial effects of muscle relaxants

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Volkan Hanci ◽  
Fusun Cömert ◽  
Hilal Ayoğlu ◽  
Canan Kulah ◽  
Serhan Yurtlu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Neuromuscular Blocking ◽  
Antibacterial Effects ◽  
Minimum Concentration ◽  
Neuromuscular Blocking Drugs ◽  
Antimicrobial Effects ◽  
Anaesthetic Agents ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method

Some anaesthetic agents may be contaminated with microorganisms during the process of preparing an infusion. For this reason, it is important to understand the antimicrobial effects of various anaesthetic agents, which have been investigated to some degree in previous studies. However, studies specifically focusing on antibacterial effects of neuromuscular blocking drugs (anaesthetic agents) are very rare. Herein, we analysed the antimicrobial effects of atracurium, rocuronium, and mivacurium, on four different microorganisms. The in vitro antimicrobial activities of atracurium, rocuronium and mivacurium were investigated using the broth microdilution method. The pH of the test solutions was determined using a pH meter. The test microorganisms included Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Enterococcus fecalis ATCC 29212, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853. The pH of the test solutions ranged between 7.20 and 7.32. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of atracurium, rocuronium and mivacurium for S. auereus, E. fecalis, E. coli and P. Aeruginosa were all found to be 512 µg/mL. Atracurium, rocuronium and mivacurium inhibit the growth of common intensive care unit pathogens at the same concentration (512 µg.mL–1). Thus, the neuromuscular blocking drugs, atracurium, rocuronium and mivacurium should be administered at a minimum concentration of 512 µg/mL in intensive care units to achieve this antibacterial effect. In our opinion, when used systemically, atracurium, rocuronium and mivacurium do not cause a systemic antibacterial effect. However, their antibacterial effects may be advantageous for inhibiting the spread of bacterial contamination during the preparation of the infusion solutions.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity and HPLC Fingerprinting of CrudeOcimumExtracts

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1430-1437 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Deo ◽  
F. Inam ◽  
R. P. Mahashabde
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Ocimum Sanctum ◽  
Moderate Activity ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Strong Activity ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Strong Antimicrobial Activity

The antimicrobial activity of crude methanolic and aqueous extracts ofOcimum sanctumandOcimum kilimandsacharicumagainst gram positive, gram negative and antifungal activity was evaluated to find the zone of inhibition and to set a HPLC profile or fingerprint of these extracts. The crude methanolic extract ofOcimum sanctumshowed strong antimicrobial activity againstS.aureusandC. albicansand moderate activity againstE. coliandB. subtilis. The crude methanolic extract ofOcimum kilimandsacharicumshowed strong antimicrobial activity againstS. aureus, E. coliandC. albicansat higher concentration, same as that shown by the standard forC. albicans. It showed moderate activity againstB. subtilis. The crude aqueous extracts of Ocimum sanctum showed strong antimicrobial activity againstS.aureusand moderate against others. Whereas the crude aqueous extracts ofOcimum kilimandsacharicumshowed moderate activity against the gram positive and gram negative organisms and strong activity againstC. albicansat higher concentration, same as that shown by the standard forC. albicans.

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