Microfiltration of post-fermentation broth with backflushing membrane cleaning

2015 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Gryta ◽  
Wirginia Tomczak
Keyword(s):  
Filter Cake ◽  
Fermentation Broth ◽  
Reverse Flow ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Membrane Cleaning ◽  
Fermentation Products ◽  
Important Stage ◽  
Short Time

AbstractSeparation of microorganism cells from broth is a very important stage in the recovery of fermentation products. The microfiltration of fermented glycerol solutions was studied. During this process, the filter cake building up on the membrane surface caused an increase of filtration resistances, resulting in the decrease of the permeate flux. In this work, short time reverse flow of permeate was used to remove the fouling layer after each cycle of the filtration. The applied periodical membrane cleaning led to minimization of the observed fouling effects

Surface water clarification by ultrafiltration with an immersed membrane system: effect of coagulation/aeration on flux enhancement

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 393-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Choksuchart ◽  
M. Héran ◽  
A. Grasmick
Keyword(s):  
Ferric Chloride ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Membrane System ◽  
Critical Conditions ◽  
Transmembrane Pressure ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
System Effect ◽  
Fiber Network ◽  
Membrane Cleaning ◽  
Concentrated Suspension

A new clarification system was developed to intensify a clarification step by ultrafiltration. Membrane modules equipped with capillary fibers were immersed in a reactor where a horizontal water circulation and a vertical air bubble circulation could assist in minimizing clogging inside the fiber network. Experiments were conducted with a clay particle suspension. Ferric chloride was added to induce coagulation of suspended particles. Results show that when filtering was operated under supracritical conditions clay deposit was observed on the membrane surface and a rapid increase in transmembrane pressure (TMP) value appeared. Air bubbling, and above all adding ferric chloride, allowed an actual enhancement of the filtering conditions. In optimal conditions, a very high concentrated suspension (5.0 g SS/L), filtering evolution was comparable to a clear water filtration until a 65 L/h/m2 permeate flux value (obtained under a 0.16 bar TMP), further a rapid fouling inside the fiber network appeared and obliged us to undertake specific membrane cleaning. The chosen membrane cleaning procedure showed that the particle deposit was the main fouling cause when filtering above the critical conditions.

Study of Backwashing Process for Ceramic Micro-Filtration Membranes Used in Pretreatment of DMF Wastewater

2011 ◽  
Vol 418-420 ◽  
pp. 1980-1983
Author(s):  
Peng Wei Xu ◽  
Wei Qiu Huang ◽  
Qi Zhang ◽  
Bao Zhu Yang ◽  
Jing Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Reverse Flow ◽  
Average Pore Size ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Filtration Membranes ◽  
Membrane Flux ◽  
In Series ◽  
Flow Through

DMF wastewater from the PU synthetic leather industries was filtrated by ZrO2 micro-filtration membranes with an average pore size of 0.2μm. The membrane fouling mechanism was analyzed by resistance-in series model. The results indicated that the resistance from the particles sedimentation on membrane surface accounting for 76% of the total resistances. The technology of backwashing was a stable, valid and reusable method to recover the membrane flux in the micro-filtration. During backwashing, the reverse flow through the membrane removes the concentration polarization and cake or gel layers from the membrane surface. The effect of the backwashing conditions on the flux was studied. The obtained optimization conditions were as follows: backwashing pressure 0.6 MPa, backwashing time 5s and the backwashing interval 20min. The permeate flux could be raised about 50% compared with that without backwashing.

scholarly journals Sonicated membrane separation

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (s1) ◽  
pp. 89-99
Author(s):  
Balázs Lemmer ◽  
Szabolcs Kertész ◽  
Gábor Keszthelyi-Szabó ◽  
Kerime Özel ◽  
Cecilia Hodúr
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Fermentation Broth ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Separation Processes ◽  
Xylanase Enzyme ◽  
Stirred Cell ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Membrane separation processes are currently proven technologies in many areas. The main limitation of these processes is the accumulation of matter at the membrane surface which leads to two phenomena: concentration polarization and membrane fouling. According to the publications of numerous authors permeate flux could be increased by sonication. Our work focuses on separation of real broth by sonicated ultrafiltration. The broth was originated from hydrolysis of grounded corn-cob by xylanase enzyme. The filtration was carried out in a laboratory batch stirred cell with a sonication rod sonicator. In our work the effect of the stirring, the intensity of sonication and the membrane-transducer distance was studied on the efficiency of the ultrafiltration and on the quality of separated enzymes. Results reveal that xylanase enzyme can be effectively separated from real fermentation broth by ultrafiltration and enzymes keep their activity after the process. Enzyme activity tests show that low energy sonication is not harmful to the enzyme.

scholarly journals Hydrophylicity Enhancement of Modified Cellulose Acetate Membrane to Improve the Membrane Performance in Produced Water Treatment

2018 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. 08003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tutuk Djoko Kusworo ◽  
Danny Soetrisnanto ◽  
Cynthia Santoso ◽  
Tyas Dwi Payanti ◽  
Dani Puji Utomo
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Asymmetric Structure ◽  
Dense Layer ◽  
Cellulose Acetate Membrane ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Produced Water Treatment

Produced water is a wastewater generated from petroleum industry with high concentration of pollutants such as Total Dissolved Solid, Organic content, and Oil and grease. Membrane technology has been currently applied for produced water treatment due to its efficiency, compact, mild and clean process. The main problem of produced water using membrane is fouling on the membrane surface which causes on low permeate productivity. This paper is majority focused on the improvement of anti-fouling performance through several modifications to increase CA membrane hydrophilicity. The membrane was prepared by formulating the dope solution consists of 18 wt-% CA polymer, acetone, and PEG additive (3 wt-%, 5 wt-%, and 7 wt-%). The membranes are casted using NIPS method and being irradiated under UV light exposure. The SEM images show that parepared membrane has asymmetric structure consist of dense layer, intermediete layer, and finger-like support layer. The filtration test shows that PEG addition increase the membrane hydrophilicity and the permeate flux increases. UV light exposure on the membrane improves the membrane stability and hydrophilicity. The imrpovement of membrane anti-fouling performance is essential to achieve the higher productivity without lowering its pollutants rejection.

Submerged Ultrafiltration for Minimizing Energy Process of Refinery Wastewater Treatment

2013 ◽  
Vol 789 ◽  
pp. 531-537
Author(s):  
Erna Yuliawati ◽  
Ahmad Fauzi Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Polyvinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Hollow Fibers ◽  
Refinery Wastewater ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Energy Process ◽  
Oil Refineries ◽  
And Performance

Refinery wastewater treatment is needed especially in the oil-producing arid regions such as oil refineries due to water scarcity. One of potentially applicable process to treat refinery wastewater is a submerged membrane technology. However, the application of submerged membrane systems for industrial wastewater treatment is still in its infancy due to significant variety in wastewater composition and high operational costs. Aim of this study was to investigate ultrafiltration (UF) membrane morphology and performance for refinery produced wastewater treatment. Submerged UF bundle was equipped using polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) hollow fibers, which added by dispersing lithium chloride monohydrate (LiCl.H2O) and titanium dioxide (TiO2). The comparison of morphological and performance tests was conducted on prepared PVDF ultrafiltration membranes. Distinctive changes were observed in membrane characteristics in term of membrane wettability, tensile testing and roughness measurement. Mean pore size and surface porosity were calculated based on permeate flux. Fouling characteristics for hydrophilic PVDF hollow fibers fouled with suspended solid matter was also investigated. Mixed liquor suspended solid (MLSS) of 3 g/L and 4.5 g/L were assessed by using submerged PVDF membrane with varied air bubble flow rates. Results showed that effect of air bubbles flow rate of 2.4 ml/min increased flux, total suspended solids (TSS) and sulfide removal of 148.82 L/m2h, 99.82 % and 89.2%, respectively due to increase of turbulence around fibers, which exerts shear stress to minimize particles deposited on membrane surface. It was concluded that submerged ultrafiltration is an available option to minimize energy process for treating such wastewater solution.

scholarly journals Concentration of FeSO4 spent solutions by membrane distillation

2007 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Gryta
Keyword(s):  
Potential Application ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Membrane Distillation ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Salt Solutions ◽  
Iron Compounds ◽  
Fast Decline ◽  
Waste Salt

Concentration of FeSO4 spent solutions by membrane distillation The possibility of potential application of membrane distillation for the concentration of waste salt solutions has been presented in this work. It was found that the oxidation of iron compounds takes place during the process that was associated with the formation of a layer of oxides on the membrane surface. A fast decline of the permeate flux was observed due to the scaling phenomena. The problem of scaling was eliminated by the acidification with H2SO4 of the feed to the pH value of 2.

Electroflocculation as potential pretreatment in colloid ultrafiltration

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Harif ◽  
M. Hai ◽  
A. Adin
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Colloidal Suspension ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Constant Current ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Batch Mode ◽  
Membrane Behavior ◽  
Flux Decline ◽  
Stainless Steel Cathode ◽  
Marginal Improvement

Electroflocculation (EF) is a coagulation/flocculation process in which active coagulant species are generated in situ by electrolytic oxidation of an appropriate anode material. The effect of colloidal suspension pretreatment by EF on membrane fouling was measured by flux decline at constant pressure. An EF cell was operated in batch mode and comprised two flat sheet electrodes, an aluminium anode and stainless steel cathode, which were immersed in the treated suspension, and connected to an external DC power supply. The cell was run at constant current between 0.06–0.2A. The results show that pre-EF enhances the permeate flux at pH 5 and 6.5, but only marginal improvement is observed at pH 8. At all pH values cake formation on the membrane surface was observed. The differences in membrane behavior can be explained by conventional coagulation theory and transitions between aluminium mononuclear species which affect particle characteristics and consequently cake properties. At pH 6.5, where sweep floc mechanism dominates due to increased precipitation of aluminium hydroxide, increased flux rates were observed. It is evident that EF can serve as an efficient pretreatment to ultrafiltration of colloid particles.

Topology Optimization of Spacers for Maximizing Permeate Flux on Membrane Surface in Reverse Osmosis Channel

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seungjae Oh ◽  
Semyung Wang ◽  
Minkyu Park ◽  
Joonha Kim
Keyword(s):  
Topology Optimization ◽  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Membrane Channel ◽  
Initial Attempt ◽  
Membrane Surfaces ◽  
Ro Membrane

The objective of this study is to design spacers using fluid topology optimization in 2D crossflow Reverse Osmosis (RO) membrane channel to improve the performance of RO processes. This study is an initial attempt to apply topology optimization to designing spacers in RO membrane channel. The performance was evaluated by the quantity of permeate flux penetrating both upper and lower membrane surfaces. A coupled Navier-Stokes and Convection-Diffusion model was employed to calculate the permeate flux. To get reliable solutions, stabilization methods were employed with standard finite element method. The nine reference models which consist of the combination of circle, rectangular, triangle shape and zigzag, cavity, submerge configuration of spacers were simulated. Such models were compared with new model designed by topology optimization. The permeate flux at both membrane surfaces was determined as an objective function. In addition, permissible pressure drop along the channel and spacer volume were used as constraints. As a result of topology optimization as the permissible pressure drop changes in channel, characteristics of spacer design development was founded. Spacer design based on topology optimization was reconstructed to a simple one considering manufactuability and characteristics of development spacer design. When a simplified design was compared with previous 9 models, new design has a better performance in terms of permeate flux and wall concentration at membrane surface.

A Wall Film Model for Membrane Fouling

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sina Jahangiri Mamouri ◽  
Volodymyr V. Tarabara ◽  
André Bénard
Keyword(s):  
Multiphase Flow ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Film Formation ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Water Separation ◽  
Wall Film ◽  
Oil Water

Deoiling of produced or impaired waters associated with oil and gas production represents a significant challenge for many companies. Centrifugation, air flotation, and hydrocyclone separation are the current methods of oil removal from produced water [1], however the efficiency of these methods decreases dramatically for droplets smaller than approximately 15–20 μm. More effective separation of oil-water mixtures into water and oil phases has the potential to both decrease the environmental footprint of the oil and gas industry and improve human well-being in regions such as the Gulf of Mexico. New membrane separation processes and design of systems with advanced flow management offer tremendous potential for improving oil-water separation efficacy. However, fouling is a major challenge in membrane separation [2]. In this study, the behavior of oil droplets and their interaction with crossflow filtration (CFF) membranes (including membrane fouling) is studied using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. A model for film formation on a membrane surface is proposed for the first time to simulate film formation on membrane surfaces. The bulk multiphase flow is modeled using an Eulerian-Eulerian multiphase flow model. A wall film is developed from mass and momentum balances [3] and implemented to model droplet deposition and membrane surface blockage. The model is used to predict film formation and subsequent membrane fouling, and allow to estimate the actual permeate flux. The results are validated using available experimental data.

The new concept of flux enhancement during cell separation with MF/UF processes

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 381-386
Author(s):  
A. Kołtuniewicz
Keyword(s):  
Cell Separation ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Flux Enhancement ◽  
Flow Systems

The microfiltration and ultrafiltration processes are considered as matured membrane processes that are well established in industrial practice. Nevertheless, the main obstacles of their further development in the new competitive implementations are the economical problems. The key economic factors are permeate flux and energy consumption. However, although the cross-flow systems enable us to attain higher flux, it is usually very expensive. The high energy is consumed to maintain circulation velocity of the retentate that is sufficient for sweeping out the retained component from the membrane surface. Moreover in the case of cells separation the high intensity of the fouling and low cake permeability makes it necessary to apply additional efforts, such as backflushing, backpulsing, promoters of turbulence, vibrations, ultrasounds and many other. Therefore, dead-end systems are still quite competitive with cross-flow, especially for diluted (less than 0.5% of dry mass) suspensions or solutions. Cell separation with membranes is one of the most vivid problems for modern biotechnology, wastewater and water treatment. Membranes offer mild process conditions and high selectivity of separation. This enables us to solve a variety of problems such as cell culturing, fractionation, concentration, purification and sterilisation. The selected cells may be precisely separated from other components of broth and subsequently directed into the reaction space again in good conditions to ensure a quasi-continuous mode of operation. Moreover, membranes enable us to attain high efficiency of the bioconversion by removal of all product and inhibitors directly from the bioreactor. This is the reason for the huge interest in cell separation with membranes. The idea of the paper was to present the new concept of flux enhancement for cell separation on membranes. This concept lies in taking advantage of the specific rheological nature of biopolymers, which are the main foulants. The biopolymers retained on the membrane surface (i.e. on the top layer) can be applied as a lubricant for the cells that can settle on such a ‘movable layer’. As is shown, further in the paper, the thickness of the moving layer is lower and the flux is greater. The common movement of the cells and gel layer is very convenient from the cells integrity point of view. However the hydrodynamic conditions always play an important role in cross-flow systems; the resistance of ultrafiltration membranes may be reduced much more when compared with more open microfiltration membranes.

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