Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using aqueous extract of Citrus sinensis peels and evaluation of their antibacterial efficacy

Abstract The resistance of microorganisms towards antibiotics remains a big challenge in medicine. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) received attention recently for their characteristic nanosized features and their ability to display antimicrobial activities. This work reports the synthesis of AgNPs using the Citrus sinensis peels extract in their aqueous, mild, and less hazardous conditions. The effect of concentration variation (1%, 2%, and 3%) of the plant extracts on the size and shape of the AgNPs was investigated. The antimicrobial activities were tested against gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and gram-negative Klebsiella pneumoniae. Absorption spectra confirmed the synthesis by the surface Plasmon resonance peaks in the range 400–450 nm for all the AgNPs. FTIR spectra confirmed that Citrus sinensis peels extract acted as both reducing and surface passivating agent for the synthesized AgNPs. TEM revealed spherical AgNPs with average size of 12 nm for 3% concentration as compared to the agglomeration at 1% and 2%. All the AgNPs synthesized using Citrus sinensis peels extracts (1%, 2%, and 3%) exhibited antimicrobial activity against both gram-positive and negative bacteria. These results indicated a simple, fast, and inexpensive synthesis of silver nanoparticles using the Citrus sinensis peels extract that has promising antibacterial activity.

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Synthesis of Plant-Mediated Silver Nanoparticles UsingDioscorea batatasRhizome Extract and Evaluation of Their Antimicrobial Activities

Journal of Nanomaterials ◽

10.1155/2011/573429 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

P. C. Nagajyothi ◽

K. D. Lee

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Synthesis Of Nanoparticles ◽

E Coli ◽

Synthesize Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Dioscorea Batatas

The eco-friendly synthesis of nanoparticles through various biological means helps to explore various plants for their ability to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Here we have synthesized AgNPs by using rhizome extract ofDioscorea batatasat as well as room temperature (). AgNPs were characterized under UV-vis spectrophotometer, SEM, FTIR, XRD, and EDX. The antimicrobial activity of AgNPs was evaluated on gram positive (B. substilisandS. aureus), gram negative (E. coli), and fungi (S. cerivisaeandC. albicans). At room temperature,S. cerivisaeandC. albicanswere found to be more susceptible to AgNPs than at .

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SILVER NANOPARTICLE IMPREGNATED BIO-BASED ACTIVATED CARBON WITH ENHANCED ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY

International Journal of Nanoscience ◽

10.1142/s0219581x13500245 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 12 (04) ◽

pp. 1350024 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

R. SELVAKUMAR ◽

S. P. SURIYARAJ ◽

V. JAYAVIGNESH ◽

K. SWAMINATHAN

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Yeast Cells ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Biological Reduction ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Gram Negative Organisms ◽

Average Size

The present study involves the production of silver nanoparticles using a novel yeast strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae BU-MBT CY-1 isolated from coconut cell sap. The biological reduction of silver nitrate by the isolate was deducted at various time intervals. The yeast cells after biological silver reduction were harvested and subjected to carbonization at 400°C for 1 h and its properties were analyzed using Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope attached with energy dispersive spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The average size of the silver nanoparticles present on the surface of the carbonized silver containing yeast cells (CSY) was 19 ± 9 nm. The carbonized control yeast cells (CCY) did not contain any particles on its surface. The carbonized silver nanoparticles containing yeast cells (CSY) were made into bioactive emulsion and tested for its efficacy against various pathogenic Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. The antimicrobial activity studies indicated that CSY bioactive nanoemulsion was effective against Gram negative organisms than Gram positive organism.

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Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles by Punica Granatum Peel Extract and their Biological Activity on different Pathogenic Bacteria

NeuroQuantology ◽

10.14704/nq.2021.19.9.nq21135 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (9) ◽

pp. 38-45

Author(s):

Hussein H. Al-Turnachy ◽

Fadhilk. alibraheemi ◽

Ahmed Abd Alreda Madhloom ◽

Zahraa Yosif Motaweq ◽

Nibras Yahya Abdulla

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Biological Activity ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Punica Granatum ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Inhibition Zones ◽

Peel Extract

The present study was included the assessment of the antimicrobial activity of AgNPs synthesized by Punica granatum peel extract against pathogenic bacteria by testing warm aqueous P. granatum peel extract and silver nanoparticles. Punica granatum indicated potency for AgNP extracellular nanobiosynthesis after addition of silver nitrate (AgNO3) 4mM to the extract supernatant, in both concentrations (100mg and 50mg). The biogenic AgNPs showed potency to inhibit both gram-negative and gram-positive bacterial growth. Zons of inhibition in (mm) was lesser in gram-positive than gram-negative bacteria. The resulted phytogenic AgNPs gave higher biological activity than warm aqueous Punica granatum peel extract. The inhibition zone of the phytogenic AgNPs on E. coli reached 17.53, 22.35, and 26.06 mm at (0.1, 0.5, and 1) mg/ml respectively. While inhibition zones of Punica warm aqueous extract reached 5.33, 10.63, and 16.08 mm at the same concentrations. phytogenic AgNPs gave smaller inhibition zones in gram-positive than gram- negative. Cytotoxic activity of the phytogenic AgNPs was assayed in vitro agaist human blood erythrocytes (RBCs), spectroscopic results showed absorbance at 540 nm hemolysis was observed. In general, AgNPs showed least RBCs hemolysis percentage, at 1 mg/ml concentration, hemolysis percentage was (4.50%). This study, concluded that the Punica granatum peel extract has the power of synthses of AgNPs characterized by broad spectrum antimicrobial activity with cyto-toxicity proportional to AgNPs concentration.

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Anticancer and Antimicrobial Activity Evaluation of Cowpea-Porous-Starch-Formulated Silver Nanoparticles

Journal of Nanotechnology ◽

10.1155/2021/5525690 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Shiara Ramdath ◽

John Mellem ◽

Londiwe Simphiwe Mbatha

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Cell Viability ◽

High Dose ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Anticancer Drug Delivery ◽

Ic50 Values ◽

Biosynthesized Agnps

Health issues involving inadequate treatment of diseases such as cancer and microbial infections continue to be the subject of much ongoing recent research. Biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were characterized using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Zeta Sizer, Ultraviolet (UV), and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Their antimicrobial activity was evaluated on selected Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains, using the disc diffusion and broth dilution assays. Cell viability profiles were evaluated using MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) and apoptosis studies on selected human noncancer and cancer cells. The biosynthesized AgNPs were evaluated to be spherical clusters, with sizes between 40 and 70 nm. The absorption peak at 423 nm and the presence of polyphenols confirmed the synthesis and stabilization of these tested AgNPs. The AgNPs showed a good stability of −23.9 ± 1.02 mV. Good antimicrobial activity (6.0–18.0 mm) was seen on all tested bacteria at a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging from 5 to 16 μg/ml, with the highest activity seen against Gram-negative Escherichia coli (18 ± 0.5 mm), and the lowest activity was seen against Gram-positive Listeria monocytogenes (6.0 ± 0.4 mm) after treatment with the AgNPs. These NPs showed a concentration-dependent and cell-specific cytotoxicity with low IC50 values (41.7, 56.3, and 63.8 μg/ml). The NPs were well tolerated by tested cells as indicated by a more than 50% cell viability at the high dose tested and low apoptotic indices (<0.2). These findings indicated that these biosynthesized AgNPs showed great potential as effective antibacterial agents and anticancer drug delivery modalities.

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Antimicrobial Activity of Lignin and Lignin-Derived Cellulose and Chitosan Composites Against Selected Pathogenic and Spoilage Microorganisms

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym11040670 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 670 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Alzagameem ◽

Klein ◽

Bergs ◽

Do ◽

Korte ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Low Temperatures ◽

Food Packaging ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Scavenging Activity ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Spoilage Bacteria ◽

Chitosan Films

The antiradical and antimicrobial activity of lignin and lignin-based films are both of great interest for applications such as food packaging additives. The polyphenolic structure of lignin in addition to the presence of O-containing functional groups is potentially responsible for these activities. This study used DPPH assays to discuss the antiradical activity of HPMC/lignin and HPMC/lignin/chitosan films. The scavenging activity (SA) of both binary (HPMC/lignin) and ternary (HPMC/lignin/chitosan) systems was affected by the percentage of the added lignin: the 5% addition showed the highest activity and the 30% addition had the lowest. Both scavenging activity and antimicrobial activity are dependent on the biomass source showing the following trend: organosolv of softwood > kraft of softwood > organosolv of grass. Testing the antimicrobial activities of lignins and lignin-containing films showed high antimicrobial activities against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria at 35 °C and at low temperatures (0–7 °C). Purification of kraft lignin has a negative effect on the antimicrobial activity while storage has positive effect. The lignin release in the produced films affected the activity positively and the chitosan addition enhances the activity even more for both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Testing the films against spoilage bacteria that grow at low temperatures revealed the activity of the 30% addition on HPMC/L1 film against both B. thermosphacta and P. fluorescens while L5 was active only against B. thermosphacta. In HPMC/lignin/chitosan films, the 5% addition exhibited activity against both B. thermosphacta and P. fluorescens.

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Antimicrobial Activity of New 2,4-Disubstituted Thiazolidinone Derivatives

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C ◽

10.1515/znc-2009-11-1205 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 64 (11-12) ◽

pp. 785-789 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Wael A. El-Sayed ◽

Yasser K. Abdel-Monem ◽

Nabil M. Yousif ◽

Nashwa Tawfek ◽

Mohamed T. Shaaban ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Bacillus Subtilis ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Streptomyces Species ◽

Gram Negative

A number of new disubstituted 2,5-thiazolidinone derivatives were synthesized and tested for their antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis (Gram-positive), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Gram-negative), and Streptomyces species (Actinomycetes). They displayed different degrees of antimicrobial activities or inhibitory actions

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Antimicrobial activity of antiseptics in the prevention of postoperative infectious complications

Biomedical and Biosocial Anthropology ◽

10.31393/bba40-2020-05 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 33-36

Author(s):

N. A. Bagnyuk ◽

O. A. Nazarchuk ◽

Y. M. Babina ◽

R. M. Chornopyshchuk ◽

A. V. Kulyk

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Bactericidal Effect ◽

Infectious Complications ◽

Antimicrobial Efficacy ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Clinical Strains ◽

Enterococcus Spp

Recently, among hospital strains of microorganisms, an increase in the number of antiseptic-resistant strains of opportunistic pathogens has been registered, which significantly affects the effectiveness of these drugs. It is important to study their antimicrobial efficacy to justify rational use. The aim is to conduct a comparative study of the antimicrobial efficacy of antiseptics of decamethoxine, chlorhexidine, polyhexanide. During study we examined the antimicrobial activity against 186 clinical strains of microorganisms (Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus spp., Enterobacter spp.) isolated from patients with infectious complications in the postoperative period. The minimum inhibitory (MIC) and bactericidal concentrations (MBC) of 0.02 % and 0.1 % decamethoxine, 0.05 % chlorhexidine bigluconate, 0.1 % polyhexanide were determined; antimicrobial efficacy of drugs was evaluated by the index of antiseptic activity by conventional methods. The study found high antimicrobial properties of decamethoxine, chlorhexidine, which had a high bactericidal effect on clinical strains of S. aureus, Enterococcus spp., Enterobacter spp. Proved the benefits of antimicrobial activity of the drug based on decamethoxine (p<0.001). The polyhexanide has pronounced antimicrobial properties against A. baumannii, bacteria of the family Enterobactericae, P. aeruginosa. Thus, the leading gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, enterococci) and gram-negative pathogens (enterobacteria, acinetobacteria, pseudomonads) are sensitive to polyhexanide, chlorhexidine and the domestic drug decamethoxin, with a probable advantage of the antimicrobial properties of the latter over all gram-positive and most gram-negative microorganisms.

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Antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of the essential oil from dried leaves of Eucalyptus staigeriana

Arquivos do Instituto Biológico ◽

10.1590/1808-1657000202018 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 86 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Marcos Saldanha Correa ◽

Joseli Schwambach ◽

Michele Bertoni Mann ◽

Jeverson Frazzon ◽

Ana Paula Guedes Frazzon

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Clinical Samples ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Antibiofilm Activity ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Promising Alternative ◽

Gram Negative

ABSTRACT: In recent years, compounds with biological properties produced by plants have received attention as an alternative to control microorganisms. Essential oils extracted from green leaves of Eucalyptus sp. have been demonstrated to have antimicrobial activities, but so far there are no reports of antimicrobial activity of essential oils extracted from dried leaves of Eucalyptus staigeriana. So, the objectives of this study were to determine the chemical composition of the essential oils obtained from dried leaves of E. staigeriana (EOdlES) and to evaluate in vitro antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of EOdlES against gram-positive and gram-negative, resistance and multiresistant Enterococcus faecalis isolated from food and clinical samples. The characterization of EOdlES was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). For this study, 26 bacterial strains were used, which included 11 reference strains and 15 antibiotic resistant and multiresistant E. faecalis strains. Antimicrobial activities of EOdlES against gram-positive and gram-negative were determined using the disc diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value was evaluated by a microbroth dilution technique. The antibiofilm effects were assessed by microtiter plate method. As a result, 21 compounds were identified, being oxygenated monoterpenes (69.58%) the major chemical family. EOdlES showed only antimicrobial activity against gram-positive strains. E. faecalis resistant and multiresistant strains show the lowest MIC (3.12 to 6.25%), when compared with reference E. faecalis strain. EOdlES has the ability to inhibit the biofilm formation, but little or none ability to inhibit the preformed biofilm. This study demonstrates that EOdlES is a promising alternative to control important foodborne and clinic gram-positive resistant bacteria.

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Lipid Segregation Explains Selective Toxicity of a Series of Fragments Derived from the Human Cathelicidin LL-37

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.00321-09 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 53 (9) ◽

pp. 3705-3714 ◽

Cited By ~ 57

Author(s):

Raquel F. Epand ◽

Guangshun Wang ◽

Bob Berno ◽

Richard M. Epand

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Selective Toxicity ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Cytoplasmic Membranes ◽

Anionic Lipids ◽

Active Segment

ABSTRACT The only human cathelicidin, the 37-residue peptide LL-37, exhibits antimicrobial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. We studied the ability of several fragments of LL-37, exhibiting different antimicrobial activities, to interact with membranes whose compositions mimic the cytoplasmic membranes of gram-positive or of gram-negative bacteria. These fragments are as follows: KR-12, the smallest active segment of LL-37, with the sequence KRIVQRIKDFLR, which exhibits antimicrobial activity only against gram-negative bacteria; a slightly smaller peptide, RI-10, missing the two cationic residues at the N and C termini of KR-12, which has been shown not to have any antimicrobial activity; a longer peptide, GF-17, which shows antimicrobial activity against gram-positive as well as gram-negative bacteria; and GF-17D3, with 3 d-amino-acid residues, which is also selective only for gram-negative bacteria. Those fragments with the capacity to cluster anionic lipids away from zwitterionic lipids in a membrane exhibit selective toxicity toward bacteria containing zwitterionic as well as anionic lipids in their cytoplasmic membranes but not toward bacteria with only anionic lipids. This finding allows for the prediction of the bacterial-species selectivity of certain agents and paves the way for designing new antimicrobials targeted specifically toward gram-negative bacteria.

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Plasmon Resonance of Silver Nanoparticles as a Method of Increasing Their Antibacterial Action

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics7030080 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 80 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Alexander Vasil’kov ◽

Ruslan Dovnar ◽

Siarhei Smotryn ◽

Nikolai Iaskevich ◽

Alexander Naumkin

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Plasmon Resonance ◽

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Petri Dish ◽

Aureus Strain ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative ◽

X Ray

In this article, a series of silver-containing dressings are prepared by metal-vapor synthesis (MVS), and their antibacterial properties are investigated. The antibacterial activity of the dressings containing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) against some Gram-positive, and Gram-negative microorganisms (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Moraxella spp.) has been determined. Based on the plasmon resonance frequency of these nanoparticles, the frequency of laser irradiation of the dressing was chosen. The gauze bandage examined showed pronounced antibacterial properties, especially to Staphylococcus aureus strain. When 470 nm laser radiation, with a power of 5 mW, was applied for 5 min, 4 h after inoculating the Petri dish, and placing a bandage containing silver nanoparticles on it, the antibacterial effect of the latter significantly increased—both against Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms. The structure and chemical composition of the silver-containing nanocomposite were studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS). The synthesized AgNPs demonstrate narrow and monomodal particle size distribution with an average size of 1.75 nm. Atoms of metal in Ag/bandage system are mainly in Ag0 state, and the oxidized atoms are in the form of Ag-Ag-O groups.

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