Preparation of thermoplastic molding from steamed Japanese beech flour

Holzforschung ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isoko Takahashi ◽  
Takanori Sugimoto ◽  
Yasuo Takasu ◽  
Mariko Yamasaki ◽  
Yasutoshi Sasaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Internal Structure ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Wood Flour ◽  
Beech Wood ◽  
High Density ◽  
Molding Process ◽  
Japanese Beech

Abstract Thermoplastic molding has been prepared from beech wood flour steamed at 180°C or at higher temperatures without any additives. It exhibited a smooth and lustrous surface and had a high density of approximately 1.45 g cm-3. The internal structure of molding revealed that the flour particles were completely surrounded by black resin-like substance which was thermoplasticized by heat and pressure during the molding process. The chemical composition of the steamed flour and physical properties of molding were examined as a function of steaming temperature. Maximum bending strength and Young's modulus of molding reached 63 MPa and 11 GPa, respectively, at 180°C of steaming, which were much higher than those of a hardboard. The water absorption of the molding was 8% or less and decreased with the steaming temperature.

scholarly journals Effect of Natural Resin from Wild Pistachio Trees on Physical Properties and Durability of Beech Wood

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-388
Author(s):  
Soheila Izadyar ◽  
Yaser Babaei ◽  
Davood Efhamisisi
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Beech Wood ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Decay Resistance ◽  
Wood Preservation ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Pistachio Trees

This study was carried out to investigate the physical properties and decay resistance of beech wood treated with natural pistachio resin (PR) from Iranian wild pistachio trees (Pistacia atlantica), alone and in combination with boric acid (BA). Wood samples were impregnated with different concentration of PR dissolved in ethanol (3 to 20 %) with vacuum-pressure technology. The combination of PR (20 %) and BA (2 %) was also conducted to evaluate any interaction or synergistic effects. The water absorption, volumetric swelling, and decay resistance against Trametes versicolor fungi, before and after a leaching test (EN 84), were measured on treated and untreated samples. The chemical compositions of PR were also identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) techniques. The chemicals analysis identified more than 20 different compounds in the PR, monoterpenoids being the predominant fraction and α-pinene the major component. The samples treated with a higher concentration of PR showed much higher weight gain percentage (WG%). The results showed that the increase in WG% reduced the average values of water absorption and volumetric swelling of treated samples even after long terms of soaking in water. The decay resistance of the treated samples increased against white rotting fungi as the values of WG% increased. Efficient protection was seen when a combined treatment of PR and BA was used. Even after the leaching process, the weight loss of the treated samples was less than 3 percent. The samples treated with BA alone largely lost their effectiveness against fungal attack after the leaching. The use of PR along with an environmental friendly co-biocide can also be recommended for wood preservation in places that require minimal toxicity.

scholarly journals Functional properties of parsley fortified homemade Turkish noodles (Erişte)

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-96
Author(s):  
Safiye Nur Dirim ◽  
Gülşah Çalişkan Koç
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Functional Properties ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Total Carotenoid ◽  
Swelling Volume

Turkish noodle is a staple traditional dish in the Turkish cuisine and generally made out of wheat flour, egg, salt and vegetable oil. The aims of this study were to improve the formulation of Turkish noodles by the addition of minced parsley (2, 4, 6 and 8% weight), to improve their functional properties and swelling volume, to determine the effect on the physical properties (moisture content, water activity, and colour) and chemical composition (vitamin C, total chlorophyll, total carotenoid, and protein content) of the homemade plain and fortified Turkish noddle dough (FHTD) and the fortified homemade Turkish noodles (FHTN), to determine the traditional and microwave cooking characteristics and to indicate consumer preferences of FHTN with fresh parsley. The results showed that the amount of addition of fresh parsley caused a significant increase in the moisture content values of FHTD (31.59-36.08%) (P<0.05). The vitamin C, total chlorophyll and total carotenoid contents of the FHTD and FHTN were improved with the addition of fresh parsley. The traditionally cooked FHTN have got higher water absorption (30.25-38.90g) and swelling volume values (237.50-267.50%) than microwave cooked FHTN (WA=29.03–34.77g, SV=240.00-265.00%) (P<0.05). The noodles containing 2% parsley had the highest rating compared to both plain and other samples.

Changes caused by heat treatment in chemical composition and some physical properties of acacia hybrid sapwood

Holzforschung ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vu Manh Tuong ◽  
Jian Li
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Hydroxyl Group ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Acacia Hybrid

Abstract Acacia hybrid (Acacia mangium×auriculiformis) sapwood was heat-treated in nitrogen under laboratory conditions for 2–6 h at 210°C–230°C. Chemical composition and physical properties including water absorption and swelling were examined. The results showed that these properties were reduced significantly by heat treatment, and there is an interactive effect of temperature and time on them. Chemical changes of the wood surface were determined by X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy analysis. Results indicate that the O/C ratio decreases as a function of treatment intensity due to the migration of extractives and degradation products to the surface during heat treatment. The C1s peaks showed an elevated content of lignin and extractives, whereas the hydroxyl group content was diminished with elevated treatment temperature. The O1s peaks revealed an increase in the O1 peak and confirmed the course of C1s peaks. These results coincide with the decrease in water absorption and swelling of wood after heat treatment.

Analisis dan Karakterisasi pada Pembuatan Genteng Polimer dengan Limbah Pulp Dregs sebagai Agregat dan Resin Epoksi sebagai Perekat

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurnia Sembiring ◽  
Awan Maghfirah
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Absorption Test ◽  
Mixed Composition ◽  
Absorption Intensity ◽  
Surface Test

Pembuatan genteng polimer telah menggunakan limbah pulp dregs dengan komposisi campuran yang terbaik dari pembuatan genteng polimer tersebut. Sampel dari beberapa komposisi yang dibuat lalu di-press pada hot compressor dengan suhu 150 derajat celcius selama 30 menit. Setelah sampel dibuat, maka dilakukan pengujian sifat fisis dan sifat mekanis, uji permukaan yaitu SEM, uji DSC, uji DTA dan uji absorbsi dari XRD. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penambahan limbah pulp dregs menghasilkan daya serap air dan porositas semakin rendah, sementara kuat lentur dan impak semakin tinggi. Hasil dari DSC dan DTA terlihat bahwa sampel mempunyai ketahanan dari 300 derajat celcius sampai dengan 470 derajat celcius, sedangkan untuk SEM terlihat bahwa bentuk permukaan dari beberapa sampel kurang homogen. Hasil dari absorbsi menggunakan XRD maka terlihat bahwa sampel menyerap sesuai dengan masing-masing sampel, yaitu semakin banyak pertambahan limbah pulp dregs maka intensitas penyerapan semakin besar. Hasil dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan genteng polimer yang dihasilkan sangat sesuai dengan sifat-sifat fisis dan sifat mekanis yang diperlukan dari genteng polimer standar.   The making of polymer had used waste pulp dregs with the best mixed composition of the polymer genteng. Samples of some compositions were made and then pressed on a hot compressor with a temperature of 150 degrees Celsius for 30 minutes. After the sample made, the physical properties and mechanical properties were tested, surface test with SEM, DSC test, DTA test and absorption test from XRD. The results showed that the addition of pulp dregs resulted in lower water absorption and porosity, while the bending strength and impact were higher. Results from DSC and DTA showed that the sample had a resistance of 300 degrees Celsius to 470 degrees Celsius, while for SEM, it appeared that the using XRD, it was seen that the sample absorbed in accordance with each sample, the more increase of pulp dregs waste, the greater the absorption intensity. The results of this study could be concluded that the polymer genteng produced was very suitable with the physical properties and mechanical properties required of standard polymer genteng.

scholarly journals High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) composite mixed with Azadirachta excelsa (Sentang) tree waste flour: Mechanical and physical properties

2022 ◽  
Vol 951 (1) ◽  
pp. 012045
Author(s):  
A M Zakaria ◽  
M A Jamaludin ◽  
M N Zakaria ◽  
R Hassan ◽  
S A Bahari
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Filler Loading ◽  
High Density ◽  
Injection Molding Process ◽  
Molding Process ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mechanical And Physical Properties ◽  
Composite Samples

Abstract This article presents the application of plantation waste materials (leaves, branches and trunks) of Azadirachta excelsa (Sentang) tree in order to evaluate and compare their suitability as reinforcement and filler for high density polyethylene (HDPE) thermoplastics. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of different types of Azadirachta excelsa (Sentang) trunks flour, branches flour and leaves flour fillers on the mechanical and physical properties of HDPE composite. The composite samples were produced using 25%, 35% and 45% by weight of flour filler loading and 2% coupling agent (maleic anhydride) using a twin-screw extruder, followed by injection molding process. The flexural modulus and tensile strength of the composite filled with trunk flour were not significantly different with the composite-filled branch flour. However, there is a significant difference between composite-filled leaf flour when compared to both composite-filled trunk flour and composite-filled branch flours. Overall, composite samples with trunk flour show better mechanical properties, while composite samples with lower filler loadings of 25% exhibit better dimensional stability compared to the other such as 35% and 45% filler loadings. The study also indicated that composite filled with leaf, branch and trunk flours had better mechanical strength than virgin HDPE.

Effects of multiple extrusions on structure–property relationships of hybrid wood flour/poly (vinyl chloride) composites

2020 ◽  
pp. 089270572093073
Author(s):  
Elham Nadali ◽  
Reza Naghdi
Keyword(s):  
Impact Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Wood Flour ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Structure Property ◽  
Poly Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Recycled Composites

This study emphasizes on closed-loop recycling of wood flour/poly (vinyl chloride) composites, since there is normally a considerable amount of material waste in wood plastic production lines. Composite materials were produced and subjected to four times reprocessing cycles under industrial conditions. Detailed analytical methods including bending strength, modulus of elasticity, impact strength, scanning electron microscopy, fiber length, water absorption, contact angle, Fourier transform infrared, and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) were conducted to evaluate the effects of recycling on the mentioned composites. Results demonstrated that the recycled composites, except for the four-time recycled ones, had lower bending strength, modulus of elasticity, and impact strength due to fiber-chain scission/fracture resulting from shear stress during reprocessing; however, impact strength remained almost unchanged after the first recycling cycle. Results also revealed that generally the reprocessed composites showed lower water absorption rates due to better fiber wetting and encapsulation. There was also a reduction in hemicellulose hydroxyl groups, rendering the recycled composites less hydrophilic. DMTA results showed an increase in mechanical loss factor (tan δ) for all the reprocessed composites showing a more viscous than elastic nature. The glass transition temperature of Rec4 composites increased due to polymer dehydrochlorination and the resulting cross-linking, which restricted the molecular mobility of the polymer chains.

scholarly journals The Impact of Primary Sludge on the Physical Features of High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Composites

Resources ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 184
Author(s):  
Kati Mustonen ◽  
Ville Lahtela ◽  
Timo Kärki
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Wood Flour ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
High Density ◽  
Thickness Swelling ◽  
Primary Sludge ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
The Impact

The cost-efficient reutilization of byproduct materials is a significant global goal, contributing towards the sustainable use of resources. In this study, the effects of including primary sludge in composite materials on their physical performance are examined, in order to achieve more effective reuse. The studied materials were made from high-density polyethylene (HDPE), anhydride-grafted polyethylene (MAPE), lubricants, and either wood flour from spruce (Picea abies) or primary sludge from the side-stream of forest industry processes as a filler. The materials were compounded by agglomeration, followed by manufacturing with a conical twin-screw extruder. The physical properties of the materials were characterized by water absorption and thickness swelling tests; furthermore, impact strength was characterized after the stress of a cyclic freeze-thawing test. The elemental compositions of the materials were also analyzed by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). Primary sludge, as a component in the structure of the composite material, resulted in a significant improvement of moisture behaviors in the water absorption and thickness swelling tests. The identified results demonstrate that primary sludge is a technically applicable material for utilization in composite materials.

Quality analysis and prospects for use of lupin seeds of Belarusian selection

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Lyudmila Rukshan ◽  
Alena Navazhilova ◽  
Dmitry Kudin
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Bakery Products ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Protein Food ◽  
Lupin Seeds

The paper investigates technological parameters of the quality of low-alkaloid lupin of five cultivars selected and grown in the Republic of Belarus during the years from 2007 to 2017. Prospects for the use of the obtained seeds have been studied. This study reveals great influence of cultivar and climatic conditions during growth of lupin seeds on correlation of anatomic parts in seeds as well as on their physical properties. Cultivar of lupin seeds Jan is recommended for whole grain flour and graded flour production based on its anatomic composition, uniformity and physical properties. A comparative analysis of chemical composition, quality parameters and technological properties of lupin flour has been done. The chemical composition of lupin flour, of whole grain lupin flour, in particular, has been found to be relatively low in starch, high in protein, food fibers, minerals and organic acids. As a result, whole grain lupin flour has been proved to have higher food value when compared to traditional wheat flour. This paper demonstrates the difference between lupin flour characteristics and those of wheat flour in terms of color, acidity, enzymatic activity and adsorbing properties. This study reveals the possibility of use of lupin flour in bakery products by substituting traditional types of flour with lupin flour at 10-30% levels, as well as by replacing egg products with lupin flour at 25-50% levels. The work highlights the use of lupin flour at the stages of dough kneading, dough preparation, foam and emulsion production mainly by using rapid dough making methods.Practical applicationsRecommendations have been made on the usage of lupin flour in the technological process of bakery products manufacturing, macaroni and flour confectionery products production.

NICROFER 5520 Co

Alloy Digest ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
High Temperature Corrosion ◽  
Creep Properties ◽  
Nickel Chromium ◽  
Temperature Performance

Abstract NICROFER 5520 Co is a nickel-chromium-cobalt-molybdenum alloy with excellent strength and creep properties up to high temperatures. Due to its balanced chemical composition the alloy shows outstanding resistance to high temperature corrosion in the form of oxidation and carburization. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on high temperature performance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Ni-480. Producer or source: VDM Technologies Corporation.

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