scholarly journals Influence of the Material State of Ground, Case-Hardened Steels on the Barkhausen Noise Depending on the Surface Integrity*

2021 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-18
Author(s):  
D. Sackmann ◽  
J. Heinzel ◽  
B. Karpuschewski
Keyword(s):  
Surface Integrity ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Barkhausen Noise ◽  
Case Hardening ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Material Condition ◽  
Residual Stress State ◽  
Material State ◽  
Process Disturbances

Abstract The manufacturing process of grinding generally leads to a thermo-mechanical influence on the surface integrity. In addition to the intended development of residual compressive stresses due to the finishing process, disturbances in the grinding process can lead to negative effects such as tensile residual stresses, tempering and even rehardening zones and significantly reduce the component lifetime. In industrial applications, the analysis of Barkhausen noise is becoming increasingly important for the detection of this unwanted thermo-mechanically influenced surface integrity. The non-destructive method reacts sensitively to changes in, for example, the residual stress state as well as the hardness. In addition, other material-, process- and metrology-related influences are described in literature. The investigations presented in this paper deal with the influence of different material states (case-hardening depth, surface carbon content and alloy composition) on the signals of the Barkhausen noise as a function of the surface integrity. It is shown that the signal level is significantly influenced by the material condition and thus individual limit values must be used for evaluation of the surface integrity. ◼

scholarly journals Potential of magnetic Barkhausen noise analysis for in-process monitoring of surface layer properties of steel components in grinding

2020 ◽  
Vol 87 (12) ◽  
pp. 787-798
Author(s):  
Rahel Jedamski ◽  
Jonas Heinzel ◽  
Maximilian Rößler ◽  
Jérémy Epp ◽  
Jochen Eckebrecht ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Integrity ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Noise Analysis ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Barkhausen Noise ◽  
Magnetic Barkhausen Noise ◽  
Residual Stress State ◽  
Post Process ◽  
Grinding Machine ◽  
Process Measurements

AbstractGrinding processes are often the last step in the value-added chain of high-performance hardened steel components. However, thermo-mechanical loads which can take place during the process can have a detrimental effect on the surface integrity of ground parts, which are generally tested by post-process measurements. In the present study, two different approaches for an in-process inspection of the workpiece surface integrity were assessed using magnetic Barkhausen noise analysis during cylindrical grinding of hardened workpieces. The results showed that both measuring systems are able to detect changes in the surface state of workpieces in-process or directly after grinding in the grinding machine. After preparations to protect the sensors from influences during the grinding process, changes in the residual stress state and a decrease of hardness could be reliably detected. Due to constant contact conditions between sensor and workpiece a high reproducibility of the measurements was achieved.

scholarly journals Research of the Technical Seismicity Due to Blasting Works in Quarries and Their Impact on the Environment and Population

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 2118
Author(s):  
Jan Feher ◽  
Jozef Cambal ◽  
Blazej Pandula ◽  
Julian Kondela ◽  
Marian Sofranko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Velocity ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
Internal Environment ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Vibration Acceleration ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Vibration Intensity ◽  
Timing Interval ◽  
Millisecond Timing ◽  
The Impact

Vibrations caused by blasting works have an impact not only on buildings but also the internal environment of the buildings. If these buildings are situated in the surroundings of quarries, the citizens can perceive these vibrations negatively. By applying an appropriate millisecond timing interval, it is possible to lower the intensity of vibrations to the levels that the citizens will not perceive as negative effects inside the buildings. The limit values for this vibration intensity have not been defined to date. For the protection of the building from the vibrations, normative values of the particle velocity and frequency were determined. Hygienic standards for the inhabitants of the housing were applied, which assessed the impact of the vibration on humans through the measurement of the vibration acceleration in the housing. In this article, the results of the research carried out in Trebejov Quarry are presented. The experimental blasts carried out in Trebejov Quarry proved that the reduction in the vibration intensity under the value 2 mm.s−1 led to the satisfaction of the inhabitants.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Influence of Surface Modifications on the Fatigue Behavior of Hot Work Tool Steel Components

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (23) ◽  
pp. 7324
Author(s):  
Thomas Wild ◽  
Timo Platt ◽  
Dirk Biermann ◽  
Marion Merklein
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Stress State ◽  
Surface Integrity ◽  
Fatigue Behavior ◽  
Hot Forging ◽  
Surface Modifications ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Fatigue Properties ◽  
Machining Processes ◽  
Residual Stress State

Hot work tool steels (HWS) are widely used for high performance components as dies and molds in hot forging processes, where extreme process-related mechanical and thermal loads limit tool life. With the functionalizing and modification of tool surfaces with tailored surfaces, a promising approach is given to provide material flow control resulting in the efficient die filling of cavities while reducing the process forces. In terms of fatigue properties, the influence of surface modifications on surface integrity is insufficiently studied. Therefore, the potential of the machining processes of high-feed milling, micromilling and grinding with regard to the implications on the fatigue strength of components made of HWS (AISI H11) hardened to 50 ± 1 HRC was investigated. For this purpose, the machined surfaces were characterized in terms of surface topography and residual stress state to determine the surface integrity. In order to analyze the resulting fatigue behavior as a result of the machining processes, a rotating bending test was performed. The fracture surfaces were investigated using fractographic analysis to define the initiation area and to identify the source of failure. The investigations showed a significant influence of the machining-induced surface integrity and, in particular, the induced residual stress state on the fatigue properties of components made of HWS.

Влияние условий шлифования на магнитный отклик инструментальной стали AISI D2

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 26-36
Author(s):  
Ашвани Шарма ◽  
Абхиманью Чаудхари ◽  
Акаш Субхаш Авале ◽  
Мохд Захир Хан Юсуфзай ◽  
Меганшу Вашиста
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Surface Integrity ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Qualitative Evaluation ◽  
Lower Surface ◽  
Barkhausen Noise ◽  
Softening Effect ◽  
Ground Sample ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Aisi D2

Nowadays, precision manufacturing industries are required faster surface inspection tools for the achievement of high productivity. In this context, the Barkhausen noise (BN) technique is adopted as a quick response technique in the grinding for qualitative evaluation of surface integrity of AISI D2 tool steel. Present work investigates the effect of eco-friendly coolant, i.e., cryogenic, on surface integrity of ground sample in the plunge grinding mode at different downfeed and compared with dry and wet environments. Surface integrity was assessed in respect of surface roughness, microstructure, and microhardness. Magnetic response of ground surface was reported by Barkhausen noise analyzer in the form of root mean square (rms), peak, and number of pulses. From the outcomes, it was perceived that no significant variations were found in the microstructure and microhardness of the ground surface and subsurface after cryo-grinding owing to lower thermo-mechanical loading. Besides, lower surface roughness was obtained in the case of cryo-grinding because of thermal softening effect. A linear correlation between BN input parameters, i.e., magnetic field intensity and BN responses at different magnetizing frequency could be achieved. Finally, better BN responses, including higher rms, peak, and number of pulses, were found under the cryogenic environment.

Phase Drift in Networks of Coupled Colpitts Oscillators

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (04) ◽  
pp. 2130010
Author(s):  
Lourdes Coria ◽  
Horacio Lopez ◽  
Antonio Palacios ◽  
Visarath In ◽  
Patrick Longhini
Keyword(s):  
Collective Behavior ◽  
Traveling Wave ◽  
Scaling Law ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Basins Of Attraction ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Phase Drift ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Wave Patterns

In modern times, satellite-based global positioning and navigation systems, such as the GPS, include precise time-keeping devices, e.g. atomic clocks, which are crucial for navigation and for a wide range of economic and industrial applications. However, precise timing might not be available when the environment renders satellite equipment inoperable. In response to this critical need, we have been carrying out, over the past three years, theory and preliminary experiments [Buono et al., 2018a; Buono et al., 2018b; Palacios et al., 2020], towards developing a novel and inexpensive precision timing device that can function independently of GPS availability. The fundamental idea is to exploit collective behavior generated by networks of coupled nonlinear oscillators. Common sense may suggest that synchronized oscillations may lead to higher accuracy. Previous works show, however, that it is not synchronization but rather, traveling wave patterns, in which consecutive oscillators are out of phase by a constant amount, that can better reduce the negative effects of noise and material imperfections which cause phase drift. In this work we advance the state-of-art in the network-based concept by studying, mainly computationally, collective behavior in networks of Colpitts oscillators. These type of oscillators are chosen because they offer a wide range of advantages (such as the ability to tune up the oscillations over a broad frequency range). The results highlight the regions of parameter space, including coupling strength, where traveling wave patterns have the largest basins of attraction and the ability to reduce phase drift by a [Formula: see text] scaling law, where [Formula: see text] is the number of oscillators in the network. The results should also provide guidelines for follow-up design and fabrication tasks of a network-based technology for precision timing.

scholarly journals Characterisation of In-Depth Stress State by Magnetic Barkhausen Noise on Machined Steel Acquiring Different Frequency Bands

2014 ◽  
Vol 996 ◽  
pp. 373-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aitor Lasaosa ◽  
Kizkitza Gurruchaga ◽  
Virginia García Navas ◽  
Ane Martínez-de-Guereñu
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Residual Stress ◽  
Stress State ◽  
Barkhausen Noise ◽  
Magnetic Barkhausen Noise ◽  
Frequency Bands ◽  
Residual Stress State ◽  
The Magnetic Field ◽  
Xrd Method

The use of magnetic Barkhausen noise (MBN) signal to non-destructively characterize the in-depth residual stress state of machined steel was investigated. The effect of the frequency of the magnetic field applied and of analysing the resulting MBN signal in different frequency bands for an in-depth residual stress characterisation is discussed. The effect of the residual stress on each of the parameters derived from the MBN signal is analysed comparing with the result of the XRD method.

scholarly journals Influence of a modified drawing process on the resulting residual stress state of cold drawn wire

2018 ◽  
Vol 190 ◽  
pp. 04004
Author(s):  
Markus Baumann ◽  
Alexander Graf ◽  
René Selbmann ◽  
Katrin Brömmelhoff ◽  
Verena Kräusel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Wire Drawing ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Drawing Process ◽  
Die Geometry ◽  
Residual Stress State ◽  
Drawing Die ◽  
Process Modification ◽  
The Wire

Torsion bars are used in automotive engineering as well as in other industrial applications. Such elements are produced by bending cold drawn wires. In conventional drawing processes tensile residual stresses occur near the surface of the wire. Small bending radii, which are required in limited assembly spaces, result in component failure due to reduced formability. Additional operations such as heat treatment or shot peening are necessary to influence the residual stress of the wire and to improve the dynamic stability of the torsion bar. The aim of the research is to reduce tensile residual stresses near the surface of the wire in order to eliminate process steps and to enhance formability. Therefore, a forming technology is developed by using a modified drawing die geometry on the basis of gradation extrusion. Finite element simulation is used to investigate the influences of element geometry, number of elements and process modification on the resulting residual stresses after wire drawing of a steel alloy. The results are evaluated and compared with the conventional wire drawing process. Furthermore, the requirements for the design of an experimental test device will be outlined as well as the measurement of the residual stresses by using X-ray diffraction.

Mathematical modeling and optimization of tribological behaviour of Al 7075 based hybrid nanocomposites

2020 ◽  
pp. 135065012096578
Author(s):  
C Kannan ◽  
R Ramanujam ◽  
ASS Balan
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Heat Treatments ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Hybrid Nanocomposites ◽  
Unreinforced Alloy ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Hybrid Nanocomposite ◽  
Tribological Behaviour ◽  
Material Condition

Many industrial applications necessitate lightweight materials that possess better tribological behaviour. Whilst aluminium based nanocomposites are proposed owing to their lightness, their tribological characteristics must be improved which are dominantly influenced by the selection of reinforcements, manufacturing process and heat treatments. In this research, an aluminium hybrid nanocomposite is produced using a novel molten salt processing and subjected to different heat treatments. Their tribological behaviour is assessed under different operating conditions viz. load, sliding velocity and material condition of the pin. Regression models are formulated to predict the tribological behaviour of developed hybrid composite under different heat treatments. The most significant parameter and optimum level for each of these operating parameters are determined using analysis of variance, main and interaction plots and response surface methodology in the end. The integrated approach helps in deciding the optimum parameter setting for the development of nanocomposite with ameliorated tribological behaviour. Under the optimized conditions, the hybrid nanocomposite could able to reduce the wear resistance by about 63% and the coefficient of friction by 18.5% than unreinforced alloy.

scholarly journals Experimental Study on a “Snake-Type” Vibration Cutting Method for Cutting Force and Cutting Heat Reductions

Biomimetics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangyu Zhang ◽  
Zhenlong Peng ◽  
Deyuan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Cutting Force ◽  
Surface Integrity ◽  
Cutting Temperature ◽  
Target Surface ◽  
Ultrasonic Frequency ◽  
Heat Accumulation ◽  
Cutting Method ◽  
Vibration Cutting ◽  
Residual Stress State ◽  
Cutting Heat

Cutting is the foundation of manufacturing in industry. The main cutting objects include metals, ceramics, glasses, compositions, and even biological materials such as tissues and bones. The special properties of each material such as hardness, ductility, brittleness, and heat conductivity lead to either a large cutting force or a high cutting temperature. Both of these factors result in poor machinability due to rapid tool wear or break or unsatisfactory surface integrity of the material finishing surface using the conventional cutting (CC, conventional cutting) types. In nature, snakes have their own way of reducing heat accumulation on their body when moving on the hot desert surface. They move forward along an “S”-type path, so that the bottom of their body separates from the desert intermittently. In this way, the separation interval both reduces the cutting heat accumulations and effectively achieves cooling by allowing the air to go through. In addition, the acceleration of Odontomachus monticola’s two mandibles when striking a target can reach 71,730 g m/s2 within 180 ms, which can easily break the target surface by the transient huge impact. Therefore, based on a snake’s motion on the desert surface and Odontomachus monticola’s striking on the target surface, respectively, an ultrasonic-frequency intermittent cutting method, also called “snake-type” vibration cutting (SVC, snake-type vibration cutting), was proposed in this study. First, its bionic kinematics were analyzed, then the SVC system’s design was introduced. Finally, cutting experiments were conducted on a common and typical difficult-to-cut material, namely titanium alloys. Cutting force, cutting temperature, and the surface integrity of the material finishing surface were measured, respectively. The results demonstrated that, compared to conventional cutting methods, SVC achieved a maximum of 50% and 30% reductions of cutting force and cutting temperature, respectively. Moreover, the surface integrity was improved both in surface roughness and residual stress state.

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