Carbonated beverage consumption is associated with lower C-peptide in adolescents

Abstract Background Too much consumption of carbonated beverages increases the risk of diabetes. Insulin deficiency and the body’s decreased sensitivity to insulin cause diabetes. C-peptide can assess a person’s own insulin secretion. The decrease of C-peptide is closely related to the occurrence of diabetes and its chronic complications. The present study assessed the effect of carbonated beverages on C-peptide in adolescents and analyzed the correlation between C-peptide and the drinking index (DI). Methods The subjects investigated including 463 adolescents were divided into a carbonated beverages group, a non-carbonated beverages group and a control group. The general demographic characteristics, beverage consumption status, physical activity and family history of hypertension and diabetes were interviewed with a questionnaire designed by us. All the subjects maintained their original lifestyle and received the oral glucose tolerance test. Various biochemical indicators and C-peptides were detected in these three groups. The data were analyzed by statistical analysis, and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to examine the risk factors related to C-peptide. Results Blood glucose, blood lipid, liver function and renal function had no statistically significant difference among the three groups. C-peptide levels were lower in the carbonated beverages group and the non-carbonated beverages group than in the control group. Compared to the non-carbonated beverages group, there was a significant decrease in C-peptide levels in the carbonated beverages group. Logistic analysis demonstrated that DI was negatively correlated with C-peptide levels when the physical activity was adjusted. The odds ratio (OR) (OR = 2.540, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.121–5.752) value difference was statistically significant at a stratification level of DI ≥ 6. Conclusions The C-peptide of adolescents was affected by the long-term consumption of beverages, and the effect of carbonated beverages was even more obvious. DI ≥ 6 bottle-years was a risk factor for diabetes, and we can constitute prevention and control measures accordingly so as to reduce the incidence of diabetes.

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Effectiveness of Text Messaging as an Incentive to Maintain Physical Activity after Cardiac Rehabilitation: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18126645 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (12) ◽

pp. 6645

Author(s):

Giulia Foccardi ◽

Marco Vecchiato ◽

Daniel Neunhaeuserer ◽

Michele Mezzaro ◽

Giulia Quinto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Cardiac Rehabilitation ◽

Exercise Testing ◽

Text Messages ◽

Control Group ◽

Stand Test ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Sit To Stand ◽

Significant Difference

Although the efficacy of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is proven, the need to improve patients’ adherence has emerged. There are only a few studies that have investigated the effect of sending text messages after a CR period to stimulate subjects’ ongoing engagement in regular physical activity (PA). A randomized controlled pilot trial was conducted after CR, sending a daily PA text message reminder to an intervention group (IG), which was compared with a usual care control group (CG) during three months of follow-up. Thirty-two subjects were assessed pre- and post-study intervention with GPAQ, submaximal iso-watt exercise testing, a 30 s sit-to-stand test, a bilateral arm curl test, and a final survey on a seven-point Likert scale. A statistically significant difference in the increase of moderate PA time (Δ 244.7 (95% CI 189.1, 300.4) minutes, p < 0.001) and in the reduction of sedentary behavior time (Δ −77.5 (95% CI 104.9, −50.1) minutes, p = 0.004) was shown when the IG was compared with the CG. This was associated with an improvement in heart rate, blood pressure, and patients’ Borg rating on the category ratio scale 10 (CR10) in iso-watt exercise testing (all p < 0.05). Furthermore, only the IG did not show a worsening of the strength parameters in the follow-up leading to a change of the 30 s sit-to-stand test with a difference of +2.2 (95% CI 1.23, 3.17) repetitions compared to CG (p = 0.03). The telemedical intervention has been appreciated by the IG, whose willingness to continue with regular PA emerged to be superior compared to the CG. Text messages are an effective and inexpensive adjuvant after phase 2 CR that improves adherence to regular PA. Further studies are needed to confirm these results in a larger patient population and in the long term.

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Metabolic changes following transcatheter bariatric embolotherapy for weight loss in obesity: secondary outcomes from a prospective RCT

European Heart Journal ◽

10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.3072 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽

Author(s):

M Fried ◽

V.Y Reddy ◽

P Neuzil ◽

R Rosen ◽

P Sramkova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Metabolic Changes ◽

Exclusion Criterion ◽

Control Group ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Funding Source ◽

Post Intervention ◽

Private Company ◽

C Peptide

Abstract Background/Introduction Obesity and its comorbid conditions (i.e. type II diabetes mellitus, atrial fibrillation, coronary artery disease, hypertension, etc...) is a growing burden globally, however, the current treatments (i.e. bariatric surgery, intragasrtic balloons and/or pharmaceutical therapy) pose substantial risks or are contraindicated for various populations. Transcatheter bariatric embolotherapy of left gastric artery by reducing “hunger” hormones from the gastric fundus is a procedure for weight loss that has been growing in prominence over the last several years, however, to date no randomized-controlled trial has been conducted until our study. We studied TBE in a double-blind, sham procedure, first in human RCT of patients (pts) with obesity. Purpose The purpose of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of TBE for weight loss in obese patients as well as to evaluate metabolic changes. Methods After IV propofol, eligible pts (age 21–60; BMI 35–50 kg/m2) were randomized 1:1 to Sham (skin nick & 1 hr wait) or TBE. All pts received Lifestyle Therapy (behavioral and diet education). Study staff following the pts were also blinded to treatment. Blood samples for gastrointestinal hormones were collected in EDTA tubes containing a protease inhibitor cocktail and frozen per local laboratory standards. All collected samples were assessed together in two batches at the end of the study. The hormones analyzed included ghrelin, GIP, GLP-1, Visfatin, resistin, PAI-1 (total), Leptin, and C-Peptide. An Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) and a diabetes assay was performed at baseline and at 6- and 12-months post-intervention. Note, while diabetes was an exclusion criterion for this study, pre-diabetes was not. Results 44 pts were enrolled, of which 40 pts were randomized equally to the groups, with no major complications in either group. TBE demonstrated superior weight loss over the control group at 6- and 12-months post-intervention in both intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses. At 6 and 12 months, the TBE group demonstrated a clinically meaningful decrease in glucose 1-hour post-fasting by OGTT. GIP levels in the TBE group increased at a mean of 21%, indicative of an improvement in pre-diabetic milieu. Circulating plasma visfatin levels decreased 20% at 6 months and 26% at 12 months in the TBE group indicating a decrease in body fat. C-Peptide levels were noticeably increased in the TBE group at 6 months possibly indicating improvements in insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function. Conclusion(s) TBE is safe and results in clinically significant weight loss and demonstrated a positive effect on glucose homeostasis in pre-diabetic patients. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Private company. Main funding source(s): Endobar Solutions, LLC

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Physical exercise during pregnancy and its influence in the type of birth

Einstein (São Paulo) ◽

10.1590/s1679-45082012000400003 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 409-414 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Lílian Cristina da Silveira ◽

Conceição Aparecida de Mattos Segre

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Physical Exercise ◽

Basic Education ◽

Exercise Program ◽

Regular Physical Activity ◽

Control Group ◽

Significance Level ◽

Vaginal Deliveries ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Primiparous Women

OBJECTIVE: To verify if medium intensity exercise performed during pregnancy can influence in the type of delivery, and to observe compliance to an exercise program among primiparous women with different levels of schooling. METHODS: A study carried out at the Centro de Incentivo ao Aleitamento Materno, in São Sebastiao (SP), between April 7, 2008, and April 14, 2009. A prospective study involving 66 primiparous women who were divided into two groups: an Exercise Group, engaged in regular physical activity during pregnancy, and the Control Group, that did not participate in regular physical activity during the same period. Significance level in this project was 5% (p=0.05). RESULTS: The group that did engage in regular exercise had a higher rate of vaginal deliveries, with a statistically significance difference evaluated by the χ² test (p=0.031). The pregnant women with the highest level of schooling showed greater compliance with the exercise program, with a statistically significant difference (p=0.01736). CONCLUSION: Physical exercise in primiparous women increased the chances of vaginal deliveries, and there was greater compliance with the exercise program among those with a higher level of schooling when compared to those with a basic education.

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Influence of Moderate, Daily Physical Activity On Body Composition and Blood Lipid Profile in Swedish Adults

Journal of Physical Activity and Health ◽

10.1123/jpah.9.6.867 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 867-874 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Peter Pagels ◽

Anders Raustorp ◽

Trevor Archer ◽

Ulf Lidman ◽

Marie Alricsson

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Inverse Correlation ◽

Blood Lipid ◽

Daily Physical Activity ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Control Group ◽

Brisk Walking ◽

Blood Lipid Profile

Background:Health organizations suggest that adults ought to engage in at least 30 minutes of moderate-intensity daily physical activity. This study investigated the effects of a 30-minute single daily bout of brisk walking upon risk factors for coronary heart disease with blood lipid profile in particular.Methods:Thirty-three (25–45 y) adults, were randomly assigned into an exercise group (EG; n = 16, 9w) and a control group (CG; n = 17, 6w). The EG walked briskly 30 minutes daily during the 3-week test period. Compliance/adherence was maximal throughout the 3-week intervention due to stringent daily monitoring.Results:The EG showed a significant decrease in concentrations of low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and total cholesterol (TC) during the intervention period. A significant inverse correlation between Δ energy expenditure/day and Δ LDL-C (r = –0.39, P < .05) and an improvement in weight and BMI in the EG was found. Average steps during 30 minutes brisk walking bout was 3669 steps/bout generating a mean energy expenditure of 191 kcal/ bout.Conclusions:The most unique findings were that daily single bouts of moderate-intensity physical activity for 30 minutes, during 3 weeks, induced favorable effects upon body weight, BMI, and blood concentration of LDL-C and TC in healthy adults.

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What is the prevalence of dyslipidemia in patients with idiopathic tinnitus?

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences ◽

10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20203451 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (8) ◽

pp. 2983

Author(s):

Suleyman Erdogdu

Keyword(s):

Blood Lipid ◽

Control Group ◽

Test Results ◽

Cochlear Blood Flow ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Low Hdl ◽

Training And Research ◽

Male Patients ◽

And Gender

Background: Dyslipidemia is a metabolic disorder that results from imbalanced and overfeeding as well as sedentary life. Elevated blood lipid levels can affect cochlear blood flow and fluidity, leading to decreased hearing and tinnitus. We aimed to determine whether there is a relationship between tinnitus and dyslipidemia by investigating the blood lipoprotein values of patients with tinnitus.Methods: The lipid profiles of the patients with idiopathic tinnitus who were selected among the patients who applied to Istanbul Haydarpaşa Numune Training and Research Hospital with the complaint of tinnitus between January 2019 and May 2020 were examined. The test results and age and gender distributions were compared with control groups without tinnitus complaints and statistical evaluation was performed.Results: Hypercholesterolemia in 42% of 6472 patients with idiopathic tinnitus, 18% low HDL, 50% high LDL, Hyperlipidemia was detected in 21%. 1942 (30%) of these patients were male; 4530 (70%) are women. The number of patients in the control group without tinnitus was 6470. Hypercholesterolemia in 49% of this group; 21% low HDL, 42% high LDL, 16% hyperlipidemia was detected. In this control group, 1950 (30%) of the patients were male and 4520 (70%) were female. Cholesterol of male and female patients with tinnutus. When the cholesterol, LDL and triglyceride values of HDL and LDL values and female and male patients in the control group were examined, a statistically significant difference was found (p <0.005). No statistically significant difference was found between HDL values of female and male patients with tinnutus and HDL values of female and male patients in the control group (P> 0.05).Conclusions: There is a statistically relationship between tinnitus and dyslipidemia. The presence of dyslipidemia is vital due to atherosclerosis caused by dyslipidemia, especially coronary artery involvement. Therefore, dyslipidemia should be treated as it causes many diseases.

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Investigating the Effect of Positive, Intermediate and Negative Enabling and Training Factors Affecting Physical Activity in Pregnant Women

10.21203/rs.3.rs-151184/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Leila Kianfard ◽

Farkhonde Amin SHokravi ◽

Sakineh Rakhshanderou ◽

Shamsaddin Niknami

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Control Group ◽

Control Groups ◽

Enabling Factors ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Significant Difference ◽

E Learning ◽

And Control ◽

Experimental Group

Abstract BackgroundPhysical activity during pregnancy period is one of the issues with priority during pregnancy period. Researches show that women reduce their physical activity during this period and are unaware of the benefits on the health of the mother and embryology. Although researchers regarding physical activity during pregnancy have prepared many guidelines; it is not however clear why pregnant women do not perform physical activity and the effectiveness factors that facilitate the desired behavior. MethodsThe research population included all pregnant women aged 18 to 40 years with gestational age of 12-38 weeks referring to the healthcare centers in District 5 of Tehran Municipality, from 22 districts of the city who had eliminated their physical activity during pregnancy. Questionnaires of physical activity assessment questionnaire after educational intervention in pregnant women (PPAQ) and a questionnaire designed based on the results of the needs assessment and the dimensions of the PEN-3 model were used for assessment. This study is a Research Clinical Trial (RCT). Due to the nature, a quasi-experimental research design (pre-test, post-test) with the control group was used in this research. ResultsBased on the obtained results, the intervention based on E-learning has a significant effect of enabling factors to increase physical activity in pregnant women in the experimental group. In addition, the intervention based on E-learning has a significant effect on the training factors in order to increase physical activity in pregnant women in the experimental group. ConclusionBased on the research results, it can be said that there is a statistically significant difference between the experimental and control groups in the scores obtained from training factors in the pretest and the experimental group. Furthermore, it can be said that there is a statistically significant difference between the experimental and control groups in the scores obtained from the enabling factors in the pre-test and the experimental group.

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Effectiveness of an Educational Intervention to Participation in Physical Activity: A quasi-experimental model-based study

10.21203/rs.2.22356/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Saeideh Shahsavari ◽

Sakineh dadipoor ◽

Mohtasham Ghaffari ◽

Ali Safari-Moradabadi

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Educational Intervention ◽

Stages Of Change ◽

Intervention Group ◽

T Test ◽

Control Group ◽

Post Intervention ◽

Chi Square ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Quasi Experimental

Abstract Background: The aim of the present study was to assess readiness to become or stay physically active according to the Stages of Change Model.Methods: The present quasi-experimental study was conducted on 100 women working in the healthcare centres of Bandar Abbas, Iran. The sampling method is clustering in type. The subjects were assigned into two groups of intervention and control. The collected data were analysed by SPSS-16 software using descriptive and inferential statistics, including independent-sample t-test, paired-sample t-test and Chi-square test.Results: Before the educational intervention, 19 subjects (0.38%) from the intervention group showed to have regular physical activity (4-5 stages). This number changed to 29 (0.58%) and 25 (0.50%) after three months and six months of intervention. A statistically significant difference was found before the intervention and 3 and 6 months afterwards (P˂.001). In the control group, no statistically significant difference was found between the pre-intervention and post-intervention (three months (P=.351) and six months (P=.687).Conclusion: The educational intervention based on the stages of behaviour change model showed to be effective in promoting the physical activity of employed women. These findings may benefit health education researchers and practitioners who tend to develop innovative theory-based interventions and strategies to increase the level of physical activity in women.

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Bizzy Break! The Effect of a Classroom-Based Activity Break on In-School Physical Activity Levels of Primary School Children

Pediatric Exercise Science ◽

10.1123/pes.25.2.300 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 300-307 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Elaine Murtagh ◽

Maureen Mulvihill ◽

Oonagh Markey

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Primary School ◽

School Children ◽

Primary Schools ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Primary School Children ◽

Control Group ◽

Step Counts ◽

Significant Difference

The school has been identified as a key setting to promote physical activity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a classroom-based activity break on in-school step counts of primary school children. Data for 90 children (49 boys, 41 girls, 9.3 ± 1.4 years) from three Irish primary schools is presented. In each school one class was randomly assigned as the intervention group and another as controls. Children’s step counts were measured for five consecutive days during school hours at baseline and follow-up. Teachers of the intervention classes led a 10 min activity break in the classroom each day (Bizzy Break!). Mean daily in-school steps for the intervention at baseline and follow-up were 5351 and 5054. Corresponding values for the control group were 5469 and 4246. There was a significant difference in the change in daily steps from baseline to follow-up between groups (p < .05). There was no evidence that girls and boys responded differently to the intervention (p > .05). Children participating in a daily 10 min classroom-based activity break undertake more physical activity during school hours than controls.

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Expression profiles of glutathione S-transferases genes in semi-engorged Haemaphysalis longicornis (Acari: Ixodidae) exposed to Cymbopogon citratus essential oil

Systematic and Applied Acarology ◽

10.11158/saa.25.5.12 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (5) ◽

pp. 918-930

Author(s):

Desmond O. Agwunobi ◽

Tingwei Pei ◽

Jia Yang ◽

Xiaoshuang Wang ◽

Lihong Lv ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Expression Profiles ◽

Control Measures ◽

Detoxification Enzymes ◽

Effective Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Haemaphysalis Longicornis ◽

Cymbopogon Citratus ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Glutathione S Transferases

Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are phase II detoxification enzymes, which function via combining with pesticidal molecules and catalyzing the conjugation of molecules by thiol of glutathione, so as to protect tissues from oxidative stress damage. In the tick Haemaphysalis longicornis, glutathione S-transferases (HlGST and HlGST2) have been previously identified. However, the relationship between the transcription of glutathione S-transferases and the essential oil treatment in ticks remains unexplored. Hence, in the present study, the transcription profiles of HlGST and HlGST2 mRNAs were evaluated in H. longicornis after exposure to Cymbopogon citratus essential oil. At 24 h post-exposure of H. longicornis to different sublethal concentrations of C. citratus essential oil, there was significant difference (P = 0.0001) in the transcription of HlGST. Tukey’s test showed that HlGST was significantly induced after treatment with 1% C. citratus essential oil (P = 0.0002); whereas no significant difference (P = 0.3551) was detected after treated by 2% C. citratus essential oil. No significant difference (P = 0.4555) in the transcription of HlGST2 between the treatment and the control group of 50% ethanol. Nevertheless, the down-regulation of HlGST2 in the treatment groups versus the untreated control group was not significant (P = 0.1208). The above results imply that the essential oil can modulate the expression of GST mRNA, therefore, further understanding of the underlying mechanisms of the GST at the molecular level could contribute to the development of effective control measures for ticks and tick-borne diseases.

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Daily Consumption of Stevia Drops Effects on Glycemia, Body Weight and Energy Intake: Results from a 12-Week, Open-Label, Randomized Controlled Trial in Healthy Adults

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzaa049_056 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 663-663

Author(s):

Nikoleta Stamataki ◽

Benjamin Crooks ◽

John McLaughlin

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Real Life ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Control Group ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Daily Consumption ◽

Glucose Response ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract Objectives Stevia is a non-nutritive sweetener providing sweet taste with zero calories that could constitute an effective strategy toward sugar reduction. This study tested the effects of daily consumption of stevia drops on glycemia, body weight (BW) and energy intake in healthy normal weight adults, non-habitual consumers of non-nutritive sweeteners. Methods Twenty eight healthy participants were randomly assigned to the stevia group (n = 14, mean age: 25 ± 5.5 y, mean body mass index: 22 ± 1.8 kg/m2) and were required to consume 5 drops of a commercially available stevia extract twice daily along with their habitual drinks, or to the control group (n = 14, 25 ± 4.2 y, 21 ± 1.5 kg/m2) and were instructed not to change anything in their diet for 12 weeks. Both groups were encouraged to maintain their usual diet and physical activity habits. At baseline and week 12, glucose response to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was measured; BW and energy intake were assessed at baseline, week 6 and week 12. Results There was no significant difference in glucose response to the OGTT over the 12 weeks in any study group. However, there was a significant main effect of participant group on BW change over the 12 weeks (F(1, 26) = 5.56, P = 0.026), showing that stevia consumption prevented weight gain (ΔWeight at week 12 = −0.22 ± 0.32 kg for stevia, +0.89 ± 0.39 kg for the control group). Energy intake was significantly decreased between baseline and week 12 in the stevia group (ΔEnergy at week 12 = −344 ± 80.6 kcal, P = 0.003), however no change in energy intake was found in the control group (ΔEnergy = +13.6 ± 125 kcal, P = 0.973). Conclusions These results suggest that daily consumption of stevia in real-life doses does not affect glycemia in healthy normal-weight individuals, but could aid toward weight maintenance and moderation of energy intake. More research is warranted to explore these promising findings further in individuals with overweight/obesity and/or individuals with impaired glucose tolerance (i.e., pre-diabetes/diabetes). Clinicaltrial.gov identifier: NCT03993418. Funding Sources This project has received a N8 AgriFood Pump Priming Award. Ms Stamataki has a BBSRC DTP Case Studentship.

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