scholarly journals Towards the Coptic Church: The Making of the Severan Episcopate

Millennium ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-190
Author(s):  
Phil Booth
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Intense Competition ◽  
Eastern Christianity ◽  
Ancient Egyptian ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Coptic Church ◽  
First Time

Abstract This article concerns a seminal moment in the history of eastern Christianity: the creation of the Severan episcopate in Egypt (from A.D. 575), and with it the radical bifurcation, for the first time, of the ancient Egyptian church. Updating the classic account of Jean Maspero in the light of more recent publications, it first examines the rapid decline of the Severan episcopate in the period after the Alexandrian patriarch Theodosius’ exile (536), and the intense competition to replace him in the period between his death (566) and the consecration of Peter (575). Exploiting a wide range of evidence related to a new episcopate then created under Peter and his successor Damian, this article then examines the presence of certain Severan bishops in rural monasteries, and the origins of an unprecedented office, the patriarchal vicarate, in the context of the competition created through the creation of a raft of rival sees. Understanding these processes, it is argued, is crucial to appreciating the explosion of evidence which accompanies the patriarchate of Damian.

Rebels, Believers, Survivors

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noel Malcolm
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
Religious Conversion ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Napoleonic Wars ◽  
Conversion To Islam ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
External Powers ◽  
First Time ◽  
Modern Myth

This book of essays covers a wide range of topics in the history of Albania and Kosovo. Many of the essays illuminate connections between the Albanian lands and external powers and interests, whether political, military, diplomatic or religious. Such topics include the Habsburg invasion of Kosovo in 1689, the manoeuvrings of Britain and France towards the Albanian lands during the Napoleonic Wars, the British interest in those lands in the late nineteenth century, and the Balkan War of 1912. On the religious side, essays examine ‘crypto-Christianity’ in Kosovo during the Ottoman period, the stories of conversion to Islam revealed by Inquisition records, the first theological treatise written in Albanian (1685), and the work of the ‘Apostolic Delegate’ who reformed the Catholic Church in early twentieth-century Albania. Some essays bring to life ordinary individuals hitherto unknown to history: women hauled before the Inquisition, for example, or the author of the first Albanian autobiography. The longest essay, on Ali Pasha, tells for the first time the full story of the role he played in the international politics of the Napoleonic Wars. Some of these studies have been printed before (several in hard-to-find publications, and one only in Albanian), but the greater part of this book appears here for the first time. This is not only a contribution to Albanian and Balkan history it also engages with many broader issues, including religious conversion, methods of enslavement within the Ottoman Empire, and the nature of modern myth-making about national identity.

Education as Arikara Spiritual Renewal and Cultural Evolution

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
KuuNUx TeeRIt Kroupa
Keyword(s):  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Old People ◽  
New Beginning ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Universe

In May 2009, the Arikara returned to the land of their ancestors along the Missouri River in South Dakota. For the first time in more than a half century, a Medicine Lodge was built for ceremony. The lodge has returned from its dormant state to regain its permanent place in Arikara culture. This event will be remembered as a significant moment in the history of the Arikara because it symbolizes a new beginning and hope for the people. Following this historic event, Arikara spiritual leader Jasper Young Bear offered to share his experience and deep insight into Arikara thought: You have to know that the universe is the Creator's dream, the Creator's mind, everything from the stars all the way to the deepest part of the ocean, to the most microscopic particle of the creation, to the creation itself, on a macro level, on a micro level. You have to understand all of those aspects to understand what the lodge represents. The lodge is a fractal, a symbolic representation of the universe itself. How do we as human beings try to make sense of that? That understanding, of how the power in the universe flows, was gifted to us through millennia of prayer and cultural development… It is important for us to internalize our stories, internalize the star knowledge, internalize those things and make that your way, make that your belief, because we're going to play it out inside the lodge. It only lives by us guys interacting with it and praying with it and bringing it to life… We're going to play out the wise sayings of the old people… So you see that it's an Arikara worldview. A learning process of how the universe functions is what you're actually experiencing [inside the Medicine Lodge]. What the old people were describing was the functioning of how we believed the universe behaves. And we had a deep, deep understanding of what that meant and how it was for us. So that's what you're actually seeing in the Medicine Lodge.

ICONOLOGICAL METHOD IN SEMIOTIC ANALYSIS OF ARTWORKS

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 92-99
Author(s):  
А. А. Gruzdev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Art Criticism ◽  
Historical Study ◽  
Semiotic Analysis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Semiotic Approach ◽  
History Of ◽  
Erwin Panofsky ◽  
Symbolic Content ◽  
Structural Mechanisms ◽  
First Time

The history of art is marked by many experiments in expanding and contrasting different methods and concepts. Nevertheless, in recent years there have been increasing attempts to draw parallels between iconology and semiotics. Of particular interest is the so-called Erwin Panofsky method, which forms the basis of modern iconology. The article discusses various aspects of the use of the iconological method in connection with the semiotic analysis of artistic works. Both general questions of the formation of iconology and special questions of its application and synthesis in the context of semiotic analysis are highlighted. A brief overview of the main iconological principles in revealing the figurative and symbolic content of the work is given, and the main features of the structural mechanisms underlying the semiotic approach are summarized. The scientific novelty of the work is determined primarily by the fact that for the first time the peculiarities of the application of the iconological method as one of the tools of semiotic analysis are investigated. Semiotics and iconology have a wide range of application in the study of culture-specific relations, since in contemporary art criticism, there is a great scientific interest in understanding the artwork as a carrier of national-cultural information. All this increases the methodological possibilities for studying the artwork, and thus expands the boundaries of the historical study of fine art.

Ivan Kavaleridze`s dramaturgy on the Sumy stage

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.V. Budianskyi
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Musical Comedy ◽  
Historical Figures ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Socialist Realist ◽  
History Of ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Old Men ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time

The characteristic features of I. Kavaleridze’s drama is considered in the article. It is noted that there are signs of the artist’s individuality, attraction to expressionist forms, artistic techniques characteristic for the art of sculpture: symbolism, monumentality, hyperbole. I. Kavaleridze was well versed in the drama laws, understood the specifics of the stage events construction, had a large arsenal of literary means, thanks to which the characters’ monologues and dialogues were extremely expressive and colorful. In his work, he implemented original solutions that were ahead of time. Therefore, many of the artist’s ideas and achievements received due recognition only after his death. I. Kavaleridze’s creative heritage covers a wide range of both purely artistic and general philosophical problems. Among them the formation of the era of modernism and its features in the Ukrainian art of the early XX century, the impact of revolutionary ideas on the work of the 1920s, the role of spiritual leaders of the Ukrainian people T. Shevchenko and G. Skovoroda in the formation of national consciousness, political and ideological pressure on figurative art language and the formation of a socialist-realist canon, etc. The analysis of the productions of I. Kavalerizde’s plays “The First Furrow” and “Gregory and Paraskeva” on the stage of the Mykhailo Shchepkin Sumy Theater of Drama and Musical Comedy in 1970-1972. The article notes that these plays were staged in Sumy for the first time in the history of Ukrainian theater. The premiere of “The First Furrow” (the play was called “Old Men”) took place on March 19, 1970. The figure of the national genius Hryhoriy Skov oroda was als o embodied for the first time on t he stage in Sumy in th e play “Hryhoriy and Paraskeva”. It premiered on October 21, 1972. I. Rybchynsky, Honored Artist of the USSR, performed the production. Creating generalized historical outlines of people’s life, features of life at that time, depicting psychological portraits of people in various, sometimes-dramatic collisions, in the productions of I. Kavaleridze’s plays on the Sumy stage the emphasis was on universal values such as virtue, love. The main character was the Ukrainian people, who nurtured such large-scale historical figures, gave them strength and wisdom for great achievements. Based on publications in periodicals of that time, memoirs of Ukrainian directors, the peculiarities of the director’s interpretation, stenographic and musical design of these plays on the Sumy stage are considered. Considerable attention is paid to the analysis of acting works in I. Kavaleridze’s plays. In particular, the peculiarities of the actor’s embodiment of the image of the national genius Hryhoriy Skovoroda on the stage are presented. It is noted that I. Kavaleridze’s plays, created in a difficult political, social and ideological context, are rightly considered to be highly artistic works of Ukrainian drama. Their staging was carried out on various theatrical stages, including Mykhailo Shchepkin Sumy Theater of Drama and Musical Comedy is an important page of national theatrical art.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Anti-Varicella-Zoster Virus Antibodies in French Infants under 15 Months of Age

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 484-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Didier Pinquier ◽  
Arnaud Gagneur ◽  
Laurent Balu ◽  
Olivier Brissaud ◽  
Christèle Gras Le Guen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Varicella Zoster Virus ◽  
Pediatric Emergency ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Emergency Units ◽  
History Of ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
First Time ◽  
Kinetics Of

ABSTRACT Varicella is a widespread disease of childhood resulting from primary infection with varicella-zoster virus (VZV). The objective of this study was to determine the kinetics of the decline of maternal anti-VZV antibodies in French infants between birth and the age of 15 months in order to estimate the duration of passively acquired maternal anti-VZV immunoglobulin G (IgG). This prospective multicenter study was conducted between October 2005 and January 2007 in the pediatric wards and/or pediatric emergency units of seven French hospitals scattered throughout the country. The level of anti-VZV IgG antibodies in serum was measured by a time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay (TRFIA) (the threshold considered positive is 150 mIU/ml). A total of 345 infants were included. Seventy-seven percent of mothers reported a history of varicella. A rapid decline in the prevalence of anti-VZV antibodies was observed during the first few months of life, with the mean antibody titer decreasing from 536 mIU/ml at birth and through 1 month to below the 150-mIU/ml threshold at 3 to 4 months. The half-life of passively acquired maternal immunoglobulins was around 6 weeks. Based on a large number of subjects, this study clearly demonstrated, for the first time in France, high levels of passively acquired maternal antibodies during the neonatal period, and it allowed us to estimate the duration of passively acquired maternal anti-VZV IgG in French infants. After 4 to 5 months, infants had very low levels of maternal anti-VZV IgG, below the 150-mIU/ml cutoff of the VZV IgG TRFIA.

scholarly journals Iron and Steel Institute in the system of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Experience and prospects.

2018 ◽  
pp. 3-17
Author(s):  
A.I. Babachenko ◽  
A.S. Vergun ◽  
L.G. Tuboltsev
Keyword(s):  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Strategic Direction ◽  
History Of ◽  
Rolling Production ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Basic And Applied Research ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
First Time ◽  
Steel Institute

The history of the creation of the Iron and Steel Institute is given. It is shown that the creation and establishment of the Institute was determined by the need to develop the country's ferrous metallurgy. The Institute has united groups of metallurgical scientists, scattered in their activities, who worked in various institutes of the country. The program of the Institute, despite its youth, was wide and relevant, which can be explained by the experience, initiative and scale of the activities of the scientists who headed the departments of the institute. The origins of the creation of the scientific themes of the Institute, which covered all the major redistribution of the steel industry, are given. The major scientific developments created by the Institute’s staff for the first time in world and domestic practice, which currently form the basis of world metallurgy, are given. Outstanding scientists of the Institute created quite a few scientific schools, which even today continue to make an invaluable contribution to the development of scientific subjects, the implementation of the results of basic and applied research in metallurgical enterprises. The analysis shows that the strategic direction of development of the domestic metallurgy in the future is an evolutionary change in metallurgical technologies. In this regard, the main areas of scientific and technical support of blast furnace, steelmaking and rolling production, heat treatment of rolled products developed at the Institute are given. Examples of modern scientific developments of the Institute are given.

scholarly journals Organization of Medical Care for Prisoners of Tobolsk Prison Castle: End of XVIII — First Half of XIX Century

2021 ◽  
pp. 327-343
Author(s):  
N. I. Zagorodnyuk
Keyword(s):  
Medical Care ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Material Base ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Private Charity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
First Time

The article examines the initial period of the formation of penitentiary medicine on the example of the prison hospital of the Tobolsk prison castle (ostrog). The article is the first work on the history of penitentiary medicine in the Tobolsk province. The study was based on a wide range of sources, the most significant are documents from central and regional archives, introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. In the first half of the XIX century. The legal framework of penitentiary medicine is being formed, the execution of legislative and subordinate acts can be traced in the activities of the prison administration, its interaction with the West Siberian Governor-General, civil governors, and state institutions. Attention is drawn to the peculiarities of the organization of medical care for prisoners. The development of the hospital’s material base depended not only on the amount of state funds allocated, but to a greater extent on the contributions of the charitable foundation of the provincial prison trust committee, as well as private charity. The management of the hospital was carried out by doctors of the civil medical service, only in 1854, by the decision of the Governing Senate, the position of a doctor was introduced into the prison staff. The causes of morbidity and mortality of prisoners are analyzed, the sacrificial feat of prison doctors during the cholera epidemic of 1848 is noted.

scholarly journals THE HISTORY OF THE CREATION AND OPERATION OF THE TU-144 SUPERSONIC AIRLINER (according to memoir sources)

2020 ◽  
pp. 87-92
Author(s):  
Alsu Sh. Ayzatullova ◽  
Mikhail A. Sudakov
Keyword(s):  
Science And Technology ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
First Time ◽  
Design And Testing

For the first time, the history of the creation and operation of the Tu-144 airliner is investigated on the basis of the memoirs of aviation specialists. The development of an airliner has been studied taking into account the socio-political processes of the 1960s-1970s, and that left a serious imprint on the development of science and technology in this period. The specifics of the historical sources used, highlighting important aspects of the topic, are shown, and their criticism is carried out. The results of the analysis of memories that capture the key moments of the programme of the Soviet supersonic airliner are presented. A comparison was made of the opinions of the authors of memoirs on certain issues (the reasons for the creation of the airliner, problems in its design and testing, as well as the reasons for the completion of the programme). The differences in the assessments of the memoirists of certain aspects of the project are revealed. It is pointed out exactly what lessons can be learned from the project by contemporary Russian statesmen and aviation specialists

Ethiopia: the Victory of the Sidama in the Longer Than a Century’s Struggle for the Self-determination

2021 ◽  
pp. 47-65
Author(s):  
Roza Ismagilova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Self Determination ◽  
Ethnic Communities ◽  
Ethnic Stratification ◽  
Ethnic Federalism ◽  
Imperial Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
A Chain ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time

For the first time in the history of domestic Ethiopian studies, the article analyzes in detail the successful struggle of one of the Ethiopian peoples’, the Sidama, for self-determination. On the 20th of November, 2019 a truly historic event took place in Ethiopia: one of the country’s many ethnic communities, the Sidama, achieved self-government. At a referendum about 98% voted in favor of the creation of the Sidama state. This provoked a chain reaction in the Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples’ Region: already 13 ethnic communities – Wolaita, Gamo, Gurage, Kaffa and others – are demanding the creation of their own states. Centrifugal processes in the country have become noticeably more active. The present paper is divided in four sections. The first section, “Who are the Sidama?”, offers a detailed description of the Sidama and emphasizes the vitality of traditional social and cultural institutions, including ethnic stratification and the continued presence of castes of artisans. At the same time, it is noted that globalization and urbanization are introducing significant changes in the life of the Sidama. The second section, “The Sidama under ethnic federalism”, analyzes the positive and negative aspects of ethnic federalism and the reasons for the discontent of the Sidama, as well as the causes of Sidama’s grievances and conflicts over power and resources with other ethnic communities, which ultimately led to their struggle for self-government. The third section, “The Sidama’s struggle for self-government”, provides a detailed account of the Sidama’s struggle against the policy of Amharization during the imperial period, the discrimination in Derg rule (1974–1991) and, since 1991, during the period of ethnic federalism. The fourth section, “Referendum”, is devoted to a detailed description of this important event in the life of the Sidama and their victory: the difficulties and obstacles to organizing the referendum, the attitude of the federal government, the referendum itself and victory. Finally, in the fifth section, “The impact of the creation of the Sidama state on the situation in the region”, the author analyzes the Constitution of the new state. The creation of the new 10th state on the ethnic basis means the strengthening of ethnic federalism in Ethiopia. It is important to stress that the author has conducted several e-mail interviews with Sidama scholars and journalists – active participants in the Sidama movement for self-determination – on the topic of post-referendum events.

Literary Heritage. Vol. 112 (Books 1–2) Andrey Bely. History of the Formation of a Self-Conscious Soul. Book 1

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
World Culture ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Andrey Bely ◽  
Literary Heritage ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time

Volume 112 of Literary Heritage contains Andrey Bely’s fundamental two-volume treatise History of the Formation of a Self-Conscious Soul (1926–1931), the main, summary work of his life, published in its entirety on the basis of the author’s autographs for the first time. It presents the symbolist writer as an original philosopher, an outstanding historian and cultural critic. In it Bely explores the laws of human development, starting with the appearance of Christianity and ending with the XX century, the era of symbolism and anthroposophy. The unique set of related materials is published for the first time: the draft of the treatise, fragments of the first edition, explanatory notes by Andrey Bely himself and his widow K.N. Bugayeva. For the first time, drawings, diagrams and accompanying posters are reproduced that clarify the author’s idea of History of the Formation of a Self-Conscious Soul. The publication is provided with essential detailed scholarly commentary, an introduction and afterword, indexes of names and illustrations. The book is intended for philologists, historians, philosophers; for researchers, postgraduates, students and a wide range of readers interested in the history of world culture and civilization.

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