Comprehensive utilization of Ganoderma lucidum residues in papermaking

AbstractThis study aimed to fully utilize Ganoderma lucidum (called lingzhi in China, reishi in Japan) residues as raw materials and a sizing agent in the papermaking industry to alleviate their environmental pollution and the shortage of papermaking resources. The refined Ganoderma lucidum residues can be used to replace 30 % of the plant pulps. Moreover, the prepared papers had better physical properties than pure plant fiber papers. After polysaccharide extracting, the tear index and folding endurance increased by 26 % and 34 %, respectively. In addition, the Ganoderma lucidum residues-based resin as a sizing agent achieved a similar effect of alkyl ketene dimer (AKD). The Cobb index reduced from 84.1\hspace{0.1667em}\text{g}\hspace{0.1667em}{\text{m}^{-2}} to 72.5\hspace{0.1667em}\text{g}\hspace{0.1667em}{\text{m}^{-2}}.

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Nonwood pulping: use of jute cuttings and caddis in Bangladesh

TAPPI Journal ◽

10.32964/tj12.9.41 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 12 (9) ◽

pp. 41-46 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

M. SARWAR JAHAN ◽

SUMON GOSH ◽

M. MOSTAFIZUR RAHMAN ◽

YONGHAO NI

Keyword(s):

Physical Properties ◽

Chlorine Dioxide ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Strength Properties ◽

Economic Importance ◽

Kappa Number ◽

Pulp Yield ◽

Tensile Index ◽

Tear Index ◽

Better Than

Utilization of jute cutting and caddis is of social and economic importance in Bangladesh. In this study, soda-anthraquinone, alkaline sulfite-anthraquinone, and neutral sulfite-anthraquinone processes were evaluated for jute-cutting and caddis pulping. The NS-AQ process showed favorable pulp yield and kappa number for both of these raw materials: 66.1% for jute cuttings and 59.9% for caddis at kappa no. 11. The physical properties of NS-AQ pulps were also better than those of soda-AQ and AS-AQ pulps. At 0SR 44, the tensile index of NS-AQ pulp was about 100 N.m/g for jute cutting and 70 N.m/g for caddis, and the tear index was similar. All pulps were bleached by D0EpD1 bleaching sequences. The NS-AQ pulp showed excellent bleachability. Its brightness reached 89.0% for jute cuttings and 85.0% for caddis using total chlorine dioxide of about 15 kg/ton. After bleaching, the strength properties of NS-AQ pulp were slightly better compared to soda-AQ and AS-AQ pulps.

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BÖHLER W403 VMR

Alloy Digest ◽

10.31399/asm.ad.ts0721 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 62 (9) ◽

Keyword(s):

Heat Treatment ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Tool Steel ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Heat Treating ◽

Diffusion Annealing ◽

Selection Of

Abstract Böhler (or Boehler) W403 VMR is a tool steel with outstanding properties, based not only on a modified chemical composition, but on the selection of highly clean raw materials for melting, remelting under vacuum (VMF), optimized diffusion annealing, and a special heat treatment. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, and elasticity. It also includes information on forming and heat treating. Filing Code: TS-721. Producer or source: Böhler Edelstahl GmbH.

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Research and application progress of lignin-based composite membrane

Journal of Polymer Engineering ◽

10.1515/polyeng-2020-0268 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Youjing Li ◽

Fen Li ◽

Ying Yang ◽

Baocai Ge ◽

Fanzhu Meng

Keyword(s):

Environmental Pollution ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Waste Product ◽

Functional Materials ◽

Polymeric Materials ◽

Composite Membranes ◽

Organic Polymer ◽

Future Research ◽

Sustainable Resources ◽

New Perspective

Abstract In view of the serious environmental pollution, which is the greatest problem the world is facing, and the continuous consumption of raw materials, it is imminent to search for green and sustainable resources. Lignin is an organic polymer that exists widely in nature, and if it can be transformed from traditional low-value waste product with low range of applications to functional materials with high application prospects, it can be of great significance to alleviate environmental pollution and shortage of fossil resources. One of the functional applications of lignin involves its use to fabricate composite with other polymeric materials, which can then be used to prepare membrane materials. This review summarizes the recent research and application progress of combining lignin with polypropylene, polyvinyl alcohol, starch, cellulose, chitosan, and other polymeric materials to prepare composite membranes; and summarizes the future development direction of lignin-based composite membranes. We hope this review may provide a new perspective to the understanding of lignin-based composite membranes and a useful reference for future research.

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Use of Sugarcane Bagasse Ashes as Raw Material in the Replacement of Fluxes for Applications on Porcelain Tile

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.881.383 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 881 ◽

pp. 383-386 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Raimundo J.S. Paranhos ◽

Wilson Acchar ◽

Vamberto Monteiro Silva

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Environmental Impact ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Sugarcane Bagasse ◽

Sintering Temperature ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Raw Material ◽

The Cost ◽

Potential Use ◽

Porcelain Tile

This study evaluated the potential use of Sugarcane Bagasse Ashes (SBA) as a flux, replacing phyllite for the production of enamelled porcelain tile. The raw materials of the standard mass components and the SBA residue were characterized by testing by XRF, XRD, AG, DTA and TGA. Test samples were fabricated, assembled in lots of 3 units and sintered at temperatures of 1150 ° C to 1210 ° C. The results of the physical properties, mechanical properties and SEM of the sintered samples, showed that the formulation, G4 - in which applied 10% of SBA replacing phyllite, sintering temperature 1210 ° C showed better performance as the previously mentioned properties due to the formation of mullite crystals, meeting the prerequisites of standards for enamelled porcelain tile, while reducing the environmental impact and the cost of production.

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Optimization of chemical and enzymatic deinking of photocopier waste paper

BioResources ◽

10.15376/biores.6.1.447-463 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 447-463 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Puneet Pathak ◽

Nishi K. Bhardwaj ◽

Ajay K. Singh

Keyword(s):

Physical Properties ◽

Removal Efficiency ◽

Strength Properties ◽

Waste Paper ◽

Cellulase Enzyme ◽

Tensile Index ◽

Drainage Time ◽

Tear Index ◽

The World ◽

Better Than

The utilization of post-consumer papers in the production of new paper products is increasing all over the world in recent years. Recycling of photocopier paper is a major problem due to difficulty in removal of non-impact ink. Enzymes offer potential advantages in ecofriendly deinking of recovered paper. In this study the deinking of photocopier paper was examined using chemicals and a commercial cellulase enzyme. Parameters of deinking experiments were optimized for hydrapulping. The ink was removed by flotation and washing processes. Then these parameters were compared in terms of ink removal ability of the process, as well as optical and strength properties of the deinked paper. The application of enzymatic deinking improved ink removal efficiency by 24.6% and freeness by 21.6% with a reduction in drainage time of 11.5% in comparison to those obtained with chemical deinking. The physical properties, namely burst index and tensile index, were observed to improve by 15.3% and 2.7%, respectively and brightness and tear index decreased by 2.1% and 21.9%, respectively. Results of deinking efficiency of photocopier paper showed that the enzyme used in the present work performed better than the conventional chemicals used for deinking.

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New sustainable mortars for stone restoration in the context of climate change

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-9638 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jose Diaz-Basteris

Keyword(s):

Physical Properties ◽

Moisture Absorption ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Point Of View ◽

Salt Crystallization ◽

Glass Waste ◽

Vapour Permeability ◽

James Bond ◽

S Waves ◽

Environmental Agents

Restoration mortars are a designated group of products made to repair damaged masonry. They must be compatible with the former support of stones and bricks, and protect original materials from environmental agents; aesthetical and historic aspects must not be neglected.&#160;To improve the ecological footprint of the restoration mortars while keeping their efficiency, we have tested several combinations of lime with aggregates and additives. Recycled and natural materials were used as additives such as pinecone resin, semi-milled cones of pine, milled glass waste, brick production residue.For research purposes different physical properties have been measured in prepared mortars: porosity, density, capillarity absorption, moisture absorption, water vapour permeability. We have also tested the mechanical properties and the P and S waves velocities (from which dynamic Young's modulus and Poisson&#8217;s ratio were inferred). The durability of mortars has been estimated by salt crystallization and frost/thaw cycles.The life cycle analysis (LCA) of such mortars allows us to understand the carbon footprint of each manufacturing process. Considering this we selected the raw materials, from an environmental and commercial point of view, to produce mortars fulfilling sustainability requirements. As a result, the developed mortars are compatible with aged stones, minimize environmental impact, and use minimum natural resources.&#160;Twenty mortar formulations with three different types of limes (NHL5, NHL3.5, CL90) and two different aggregates (siliceous and calcareous) have been studied using the LCA. Currently, five new formulations are being selected to be tested on Euville limestone. Adhesive strength (James Bond test), and physical properties will be measured on these mortars.&#160;

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Meroterpenoids From Ganoderma lucidum Mushrooms and Their Biological Roles in Insulin Resistance and Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

Frontiers in Chemistry ◽

10.3389/fchem.2021.772740 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Jiao-Jiao Zhang ◽

Dai-Wei Wang ◽

Dan Cai ◽

Qing Lu ◽

Yong-Xian Cheng

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Cell Migration ◽

Cell Line ◽

Triple Negative Breast Cancer ◽

Ganoderma Lucidum ◽

Triple Negative ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Biological Evaluation ◽

C2c12 Cells ◽

Dependent Manner

Ganoderma fungi as popular raw materials of numerous functional foods have been extensively investigated. In this study, five pairs of meroterpenoid enantiomers beyond well-known triterpenoids and polysaccharides, dayaolingzhiols I−M (1–5), were characterized from Ganoderma lucidum. Their structures were identified using spectroscopic and computational methods. Structurally, compound 1 features a novel dioxabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-one motif in the side chain. Ethnoknowledge-derived biological evaluation found that (+)-5 could activate Akt and AMPK phosphorylation in insulin-stimulated C2C12 cells, and (+)-5 could activate glucose uptake dose dependently in C2C12 cells. Furthermore, we found that (+)-1 (+)-4, and (–)-4 could significantly inhibit cell migration of the MDA-MB-231 cell line, of which (+)-4 showed significant inhibitory effects against cell migration of the MDA-MB-231 cell line in a dose-dependent manner. These findings revealed the meroterpenoidal composition of G. lucidum and its roles in the prevention of chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus and triple-negative breast cancer.

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QUALITY EVALUATION OF PROTEIN FEED ADDITIVE AND TURKEY COMPOUND FEED

Grain Products and Mixed Fodder’s ◽

10.15673/gpmf.v20i3.1848 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 34-38

Author(s):

В. Iegorov ◽

A. Makarynska ◽

N. Vorona

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Soybean Meal ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Advanced Technology ◽

Farm Animals ◽

Feed Additive ◽

Periodic Action ◽

Complete Protein ◽

Protein Feed

The article describes that there is a problem of providing the population of the planet with a complete protein in the world today. It is proved that its lack can lead to significant pathologies. This issue becomes very acute with the rapid increase in the number of people on Earth. In this situation the challenge is complicated for compound feed producers because it is necessary to provide protein feeds to farm animals and poultry to meet people's needs for animal protein products. However, feed manufacturers should not use protein raw materials that can be consumed as food. Based on cooperation with compound feed producers, the task of finding alternative sources of protein raw materials, preferably of vegetable origin, is set. The optimal composition of protein feed additive (PFA) for soybean meal replacement in compound feeds for farm animals and poultry has been developed. PFA can be manufactured at a feed mill with portion technology by weighing portions of components and mixing in a paddle periodic action mixer. PFA can be used as a part of compound feeds for poultry farms and livestock complexes, feed concentrates for poultry and livestock farms, feed mills with advanced technology, inter-farm or mini-feed mills. We have developed compound feed recipes for heavy type turkeys using PFA to determine the cost-effectiveness of using PFA in compound feed. Turkeys have been chosen as a poultry because they are the most demanding birds to the quality and quantity of protein in the ration. The experimental samples of PFA were made in accordance with the developed recipes. We determined their physical properties and chemical composition. The PFA experimental samples match the quality of soybean meal according to the physical properties and chemical composition. In accordance with the developed recipes of mixed feeds for heavy type turkeys experimental samples of starter and grower feeds were made. Research of the physical properties and chemical composition of compound feeds has shown that the replacement of soybean meal with PFA in their composition does not affect the nutritional value and technological properties of the final product.

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Extraction of Value-Added Minerals from Various Agricultural, Industrial and Domestic Wastes

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14216333 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (21) ◽

pp. 6333

Author(s):

Virendra Kumar Yadav ◽

Krishna Kumar Yadav ◽

Vineet Tirth ◽

Govindhan Gnanamoorthy ◽

Nitin Gupta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Environmental Pollution ◽

Industrial Waste ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Agricultural Waste ◽

Value Added ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Household Waste ◽

Waste Materials ◽

Materials Synthesis ◽

Coconut Shells

Environmental pollution is one of the major concerns throughout the world. The rise of industrialization has increased the generation of waste materials, causing environmental degradation and threat to the health of living beings. To overcome this problem and effectively handle waste materials, proper management skills are required. Waste as a whole is not only waste, but it also holds various valuable materials that can be used again. Such useful materials or elements need to be segregated and recovered using sustainable recovery methods. Agricultural waste, industrial waste, and household waste have the potential to generate different value-added products. More specifically, the industrial waste like fly ash, gypsum waste, and red mud can be used for the recovery of alumina, silica, and zeolites. While agricultural waste like rice husks, sugarcane bagasse, and coconut shells can be used for recovery of silica, calcium, and carbon materials. In addition, domestic waste like incense stick ash and eggshell waste that is rich in calcium can be used for the recovery of calcium-related products. In agricultural, industrial, and domestic sectors, several raw materials are used; therefore, it is of high economic interest to recover valuable minerals and to process them and convert them into merchandisable products. This will not only decrease environmental pollution, it will also provide an environmentally friendly and cost-effective approach for materials synthesis. These value-added materials can be used for medicine, cosmetics, electronics, catalysis, and environmental cleanup.

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SIFAT FISIS PAPAN SEMEN DARI LIMBAH KULIT BATANG SAGU

JURNAL HUTAN PULAU-PULAU KECIL ◽

10.30598/jhppk.2017.1.3.203 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 203

Author(s):

Rohny S. Maail

Keyword(s):

Physical Properties ◽

Water Absorption ◽

Water Content ◽

Calcium Chloride ◽

High Performance ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Particle Board ◽

Cement Board

This research objectives were to investigate possibility of using the waste of sago cortex (Ela sagu/Wa’a) in the manufacture of cement board and to determine the physical properties of cement board based on the comparison in proportion of materials (cement, sago, water) and catalyst calcium chloride (CaCl2). Method were applied used completely randomesed design with tree replications in 3x3x3, with total 27 samples of cement board. The results shown that the waste of sago cortex ca be applied as raw materials to manufacture of cement board and fulfill the standard of particle board (JIS A 5908, 2003). The board have dencity which is almost equal to the target of dencity, lower value in water content, water absorption and thichness swelling so that have good performance in quality and stability dimensions. The sago cortex in side of base and the catalyst CaCl2 in 6% gave high performance for all physical properties of cement board.

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