scholarly journals Varijabilnost padalina u Hvaru i Crikvenici

Geoadria ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Mladen Maradin
Keyword(s):  
Precipitation Variability ◽  
Secondary Minimum ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Minimum Value ◽  
Secondary Maximum ◽  
Cold Part ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Autumn And Winter ◽  
Relative Variability

The study analyses the precipitation variability in Hvar and Crikvenica in the period from 1931 to 1990. These stations have a maritime type of the annual course of precipitation. The minimum value of the precipitation variability in Hvar is in autumn, in November, while the secondary minimum of the variability is in spring, in April. The primary maximum of variability is in summer, most often in July, while the secondary maximum is in March. In Crikvenica the minimum values of the precipitation variability in April and November are even, and the same is true for the maximum values of the variability in September and March. The value of the annual precipitation variability is higher in Crikvenica than in Hvar although Crikvenica has higher amount of precipitation. The location of the stations included in this research is relevant. In Crikvenica the variability is higher in autumn and winter. Monthly values of the mean relative variability coincide in the cold part of the year when the variability is only slightly higher in Crikvenica, while in the warm part of the year, with the exception of September, the variability in Hvar is significantly higher.

scholarly journals The Precipitation Variations in the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibetan) Plateau during 1961-2015

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoning Wan ◽  
Meixue Yang ◽  
Zhaochen Liu ◽  
Xuejia Wang ◽  
Xiaowen Liang
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Precipitation Variability ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Winter Half ◽  
Summer Half ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
Autumn And Winter

The Tibetan Plateau(TP) is known as ‘the water tower of Asian’, its precipitation variation play an important role in the eco-hydrological processes and water resources regimes. based on the monthly mean precipitation data of 65 meteorological stations over the Tibetan Plateau and the surrounding areas from 1961-2015,variations, trends and temporal-spatial distribution were analyzed, furthermore, the possible reasons were also discussed preliminarily. The main results are summarized as follows: the annual mean precipitation in the TP is 465.54mm during 1961-2015, among four seasons, the precipitation in summer accounts for 60.1% of the annual precipitation, the precipitation in summer half year (May.- Oct.) accounts for 91.0% while that in winter half year (Nov.- Apr.) only accounts for 9.0%; During 1961-2015, the annual precipitation variability is 0.45mm/a and the seasonal precipitation variability is 0.31mm/a, 0.13mm/a, -0.04mm/a and 0.04mm/a in spring, summer, autumn and winter respectively on the TP; The spatial distribution of precipitation can be summarized as decreasing from southeast to northwest in the TP, the trend of precipitation is decreasing with the increase of altitude, but the correlation is not significant. The rising of air temperature and land cover changes may cause the precipitation by changing the hydrologic cycle and energy budget, furthermore, different pattern of atmospheric circulation can also influence on precipitation variability in different regions.

scholarly journals Atmospheric circulation and the precipitation variability in Serbia for period 1949-2004

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladan Ducic ◽  
Jelena Lukovic ◽  
Gorica Stanojevic
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression ◽  
Atmospheric Circulation ◽  
Precipitation Variability ◽  
Negative Sign ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Positive Sign ◽  
Significant Coefficient ◽  
Time Space ◽  
The Mean

In this paper we have analyzed the correlation between the atmospheric circulation and annual precipitation in Serbia for period 1949-2004. The data for frequency Hess-Brezowsky circulation forms and types were used as indicators of atmospheric circulation. Statistically significant coefficient of a negative sign is obtained for zonal and half-meridional form and a positive sign for meridional form. The strength of correlation is not uniform in the space. According to the multiple linear regression the contribution of atmospheric circulation in the variability annual precipitation of Serbia is 69%. Also, we analyzed the connection between the atmospheric circulation and the mean annual cloudiness. Comparing the results for this two climate elements we have concluded that they show different time-space development for same macrosynoptic conditions. Also, we can speak about the regional aspects of these processes. .

scholarly journals Varijabilnost padalina na području Hrvatske s maritimnim pluviometrijskim režimom

Geoadria ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mladen Maradin
Keyword(s):  
Large Range ◽  
Precipitation Variability ◽  
Mountain Region ◽  
Northern Adriatic ◽  
Research Results ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Relative Variability

The paper deals with the precipitation variability areas of Croatia with pluviometric regime. Precipitation variability was analyzed using yearly and monthly values of the mean relative variability for 18 stations in the period 1950-2007. The research results showed that there is relatively large range of precipitation variability in the researched area. The highest precipitation variability was recorded in Lastovo and the lowest in Parg station. The primary maximum of precipitation variability in the northern Adriatic area is in October, while in the southern part of the Adriatic maximum variability occurs during the summer months - July or August. The minimum variability in most of the stations with maritime pluviometric regime occurs in April, except in the central part of the Adriatic, where it occurs in November. The lowest precipitation variability is in the mountain region of Croatia. The highest values of precipitation variability occur during summer months in the southern part of Adriatic. The values of precipitation variability in the Kvarner region are relatively higher than the variability of the surrounding stations in almost all months.

Comparative Analysis or Precipitation Variation Characteristics between Subtropical Monsoon Climate and Temperate Monsoon Climate-Take Changsha and Chengde for Example

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 1113-1122
Author(s):  
Bo Chen ◽  
Shi-jun Xu ◽  
Xin-ping Zhang ◽  
Yi Xie
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Extreme Precipitation ◽  
Precipitation Intensity ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Precipitation Frequency ◽  
Extreme Precipitation Events ◽  
Average Precipitation ◽  
Autumn And Winter ◽  
Average Annual Precipitation

Using the methods of literature review, regression analysis and moving average, this paper selects the daily precipitation of Changsha and Chengde from 1951 to 1986 as samples, and analyzes the average precipitation, precipitation frequency, precipitation intensity, extreme precipitation time and other indicators of Changsha and Chengde from the perspective of interannual and seasonal changes Trends. The researches show that: the average precipitation of Changsha in the 36 years is 1151.2mm, spring is the wet season, autumn and winter are the dry seasons, and the maximum average precipitation is in spring; the average annual precipitation, precipitation frequency in spring, summer and winter, annual precipitation frequency, annual precipitation intensity and extreme precipitation events show a decreasing trend. The average annual precipitation of Chengde city is 454.1 mm, wet season in summer and dry season in spring, autumn and winter; the average annual precipitation, precipitation in four seasons, annual precipitation frequency, precipitation frequency in spring, autumn and winter, annual precipitation intensity and extreme precipitation events show a decreasing trend, while the precipitation frequency in summer shows an increasing trend. The study of regional climate change based on the time series data of this stage is of great significance to comprehensively understand the law of regional climate change and predict the future trend of climate change.

scholarly journals Orographic Signature on Extreme Precipitation of Short Durations

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 278-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Avanzi ◽  
Carlo De Michele ◽  
Salvatore Gabriele ◽  
Antonio Ghezzi ◽  
Renzo Rosso
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Precipitation ◽  
Principal Direction ◽  
Moisture Flux ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Data Series ◽  
Atmospheric Moisture ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Elevations ◽  
Invariance Model ◽  
Italian Territory

Abstract This paper investigates how atmospheric circulation and orography affect the spatial variability of extreme precipitation in terms of depth–duration–frequency (DDF) curve parameters. To this aim, the Italian territory was considered because it is characterized by a complex orography and different precipitation dynamics and regimes. A database of 1494 time series with more than 20 years of maximum annual precipitation data was collected for the durations of 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 h. For each data series, the parameters of DDF curves were estimated using a statistical simple scale invariance model. Hence, the combined effect of orography and atmospheric fields on parameter variability was investigated considering the spatial distribution of the parameters and their relation with elevation. The vertically integrated atmospheric moisture flux J was used as a measurement of the principal direction of the vapor transport at a given location. The analysis highlights the variability of DDF parameters and quantiles according to orography and precipitation climatology. This is confirmed by the evaluation of J modal direction over the study area. The variability of DDF parameters with mere elevation shows that maxima at high elevations seem to be upper bounded and more variable than those at lower elevations. Moreover, the mean of maximum annual precipitation of unit duration decreases with elevation. This last phenomenon is defined as “reverse orographic effect” on extreme precipitation of short durations.

scholarly journals Responses of groundwater to precipitation variability and ENSO in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phong V. V. Le ◽  
Hai V. Pham ◽  
Luyen K. Bui ◽  
Anh N. Tran ◽  
Chien V. Pham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Climate Variability ◽  
Time Scales ◽  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Mekong Delta ◽  
Precipitation Variability ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Aquifer Recharge ◽  
Deep Aquifers

Abstract Groundwater is a critical component of water resources and has become the primary water supply for agricultural and domestic uses in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta (VMD). Widespread groundwater level declines have occurred in the VMD over recent decades, reflecting that extraction rates exceed aquifer recharge in the region. However, the impacts of climate variability on groundwater system dynamics in the VMD remain poorly understood. Here, we explore recent changes in groundwater levels in shallow and deep aquifers from observed wells in the VMD and investigate their relations to the annual precipitation variability and El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). We show that groundwater level responds to changes in annual precipitation at time scales of approximately 1 year. Moreover, shallow (deep) groundwater in the VMD appears to correlate with the ENSO over intra-annual (inter-annual) time scales. Our findings reveal a critical linkage between groundwater level changes and climate variability, suggesting the need to develop an understanding of the impacts of climate variability across time scales on water resources in the VMD.

scholarly journals Realization of the Primary Terrestrial Reference Frame

1991 ◽  
Vol 127 ◽  
pp. 108-115
Author(s):  
W. Kosek ◽  
B. Kołaczek
Keyword(s):  
Reference Frame ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Terrestrial Reference Frame ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Minimum Value ◽  
Collocation Points ◽  
Station Coordinates ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Transformation Parameters ◽  
Mean Square Errors

AbstractThe PTRF is based on 43 sites with 64 SSC collocation points with the optimum geographic distribution, which were selected from all stations of the ITRF89 according to the criterion of the minimum value of the errors of 7 parameters of transformation. The ITRF89 was computed by the IERS Terrestrial Frame Section in Institut Geographique National - IGN and contains 192 VLBI and SLR stations (points) with 119 collocation ones. The PTRF has been compared with the ITRF89. The errors of the 7 parameters of transformation between the PTRF and 18 individual SSC as well as the mean square errors of station coordinates are of the same order as those for the ITRF89. The transformation parameters between the ITRF89 and the PTRF are negligible and their errors are of the order of 3 mm.

Increased winter growth in male red deer calves under an extended photoperiod

1997 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Webster ◽  
I. D. Corsor ◽  
R. P. Littlejohn ◽  
J. M. Suttie
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Natural Increase ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Abrupt Increase ◽  
Winter Solstice ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Autumn And Winter

AbstractThe growth of male red deer slows during the first winter of life before increasing again during spring. This study aimed to determine if this period of slow growth could be minimized using artificial photoperiods during autumn and winter (10 April (week 1) to 11 September (week 23), southern hemisphere). Four groups of deer (no. = 10) were housed indoors as follows. Two groups were placed on a winter solstice photoperiod (8·5 light (L): 15·5 dark (D)) and given either a natural increase in photoperiod to 11·25L: 12·75D (WSN) or held on 8·5L: 15·5D for 7 weeks followed by an abrupt increase to 11·25L: 12·75D (WSH). One group was exposed to a summer solstice photoperiod of 16L: 8D (SS) and one group exposed to a natural photoperiodic pattern (IC). A fifth group of deer (no. = 10) was maintained outside on a gravelled enclosure under natural changes in photoperiod (OC). All groups were given a diet containing 160 g protein per kg and 11·0 MJ metabolizable energy per kg dry matter (DM) ad libitum. All animals were weighed weekly and group food intake recorded daily. Metatarsal length was measured at weeks 3,17 and 22 from the start of treatments.The major differences occurred between SS and the other groups. After a period of slower growth (weeks 1 to 5, SS = 88 g/day v. 168 g/day other groups, s.e.d. 31·2, P < 0·05), SS grew more rapidly from week 10 (P < 0·01). As a result, SS was heaviest from week 17 (P < 0·05) until the end of the experiment (P < 0·01). The mean growth rate of SS animals from weeks 10 to 23 was 346 g/day compared with 173 g/day (s.e.d. 15·3; P < 0·001) for the other groups. Over the whole experiment, SS animals gained 42·3 kg live weight, compared with 31·1 kg for WSN, 26·6 kg for WSH, 25·1 kg for OC and 23·7 kg for IC (s.e.d. 2·08 kg P < 0·01). The DM intake of SS from week 9 until the end of the experiment averaged 2·04 kg DM per head per day compared with 1·48 (s.e. 0·041) kg DM per head per day for the mean of the other groups. Metatarsal length increased more in SS than the other groups (P < 0·001) between weeks 3 and 17 and was longest in SS at weeks 17 and 22 (P < 0·01). Exposure to a 16L: 8D photoperiod during winter advanced the rapid growth of red deer calves normally associated with spring and summer. This response may be used to advance slaughter dates for venison production.

Implications of soil type, pasture composition and mineral content of pasture components for the incidence of grass tetany in the South East of South Australia

1991 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 609 ◽  
Author(s):  
DC Lewis ◽  
LA Sparrow
Keyword(s):  
Soil Type ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
The South ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Autumn And Winter ◽  
Extractable Cations

The occurrence of grass tetany related deaths in cattle grazing pasture in the South East of South Australia is related to soil type. The greatest losses occur on the solodised solonetz soils, with few, if any, on the rendzina or siliceous sand soils in the region. Pastures from 3 soil types were sampled on 2 occasions during the growing period, and soils were sampled once. Comparisons were made for the pasture components of potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) concentrations in soils, and K, Ca, Mg, nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) concentrations in plants. In the July sampling, the mean herbage K/(Ca + Mg) ratio for both annual and perennial grass species grown on the solodised solonetz soils exceeded 2.2 but was below 2 for the other 2 soil types. At the same time the mean K/(Ca + Mg) ratio for soil-extractable cations was 0.10 for the solodised solonetz soils but only 0.058 and 0.025 for the rendzina and siliceous sand soils. A critical value for the K/(Ca + Mg) ratio for the soil extractable cations of 0.07-0.08 is suggested. Of the 22 sites in the investigation, grass tetany deaths had occurred on 9 within the previous 5 years; all of these were classified as solodised solonetz soils. Deaths were reported in late autumn and winter, and in all cases the dominant pasture species growing at these sites in July were grasses. It is suggested that deaths ceased in spring because there was either a change to legume dominance or an increase in air temperature.

Developing a census method based on sight counts to estimate rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) numbers

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dylan W. Poole ◽  
Dave P. Cowan ◽  
Graham C. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Population Estimates ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Commercial Farms ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Autumn And Winter

A rabbit-census method, based on systematic counts conducted at night or at dawn and dusk, was developed and validated in terms of estimating the total number of rabbits present in a given area. Initially, models were developed under semi-natural conditions to describe the relationships between the numbers of rabbits counted and population size. Confidence limits were also calculated. The models were developed by comparing rabbit counts with the actual number of rabbits present, from a known population of animals. Only spotlight counts at night were considered reliable enough to estimate rabbit population size. During the autumn and winter months these represented ~60% of the population present. The model was subsequently validated, in two different exercises, following a series of field trials conducted under a variety of conditions on commercial farms. Initially, population estimates derived from the model were compared with those calculated using an alternative census technique. Population estimates, using the two techniques, were very similar at nine of the ten study sites. A second validation exercise was also conducted whereby the number of rabbits removed at each of the sites was compared with the difference between the mean pre- and post-removal spotlight counts. The results further supported the proposition that spotlight counts represent ~60% of the population present, with the difference between the two mean spotlight counts representing 61.2% (± 11.0, s.d.) of the number of rabbits removed. The census method therefore shows considerable promise as a means to estimate rabbit numbers under a range of agricultural conditions and therefore has the potential to predict accurately the economic costs of rabbit damage and also to gauge the effectiveness of various methods of rabbit control.

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