Morphology and Anatomy Characteristic of Pisang Awak (Musa paradisiaca cv. Awak) in West Kalimantan

Indonesia is the origin and center of diversity of banana. One of an edible banana in Indonesia is Pisang Awak (Musa paradisiaca cv. Awak ). In West Kalimantan, the ripe Pisang Awak has been processed into sale (dried banana). The aims of this research were to describe the morphological and anatomical character of Pisang Awak in West Kalimantan, Indonesia. In this study, Pisang Awak were collected from Padang Tikar I village, Batu Ampar Sub-district, Kubu Raya district, West Kalimantan. Morphological characterizations were conducted by following the instruction on Descriptors for Banana (Musa spp.) from IPGRI. The root, leaf blade, and petiole were fixed in FAA solution. Root, leaf, and petiole anatomy preparats were made by paraffin method. The lamina of Pisang Awak consisted of adaxial epidermis, two hypodermis layers, two palisade layers, spongy layer, bundle sheath cell, abaxial epidermis, laticifer. The petiole of Pisang Awak composed of three tissue systems, i.e., epidermis layer, parenchyma tissue and vascular tissue. The root of Pisang Awak consists of two epidermis layers, parenchyma and vascular cylinder. In the future, morphological and anatomical character in Pisang Awak could be applied as the basis of information for breeding programs of banana cultivars and classification.

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Variasi Karakter Anatomis Talus Padina australis Hauck 1887 (Dictyotales, Phaeophycota) di Pantai Karang Tengah Kabupaten Cilacap

Journal of Marine Research ◽

10.14710/jmr.v9i4.28208 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 399-406

Author(s):

Siti Samiyarsih ◽

Moch Iqbal Sufyan Ats’tsaury ◽

Achmad Ilalqisny Insan ◽

Nur Fitrianto

Keyword(s):

Confidence Level ◽

Random Sampling ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Average Diameter ◽

Epidermal Thickness ◽

Abaxial Epidermis ◽

Anatomical Character ◽

Anatomical Characters ◽

Alginate Content ◽

Paraffin Method

ABSTRAK: Karakter anatomi dapat digunakan untuk menentukan produktivitas kandungan alginat rumput laut P. australis Hauck. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui variasi karakter anatomis talus Padina australis Hauck. Pengambilan sampel dengan purposive random sampling di pantai Karang Tengah, Kabupaten Cilacap. Persiapan mikroskopis dengan metode parafin dengan safranin 1% dalam alkohol 70%. Parameter yang diamati meliputi ketebalan epidermis, ukuran sel medula, ketebalan talus, dan ukuran tetra sporangia. Pengamatan struktur anatomi secara deskriptif dengan membandingkan karakter anatomi P. australis Hauck pada garis konsentris. Data karakter anatomi dianalisis dengan Uji-t dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variasi karakter anatomi talus dengan garis konsentris 5 memiliki ketebalan epidermis adaxial dan abaxial masing-masing adalah 20,05 μm dan 12,55 μm, sedangkan pada garis konsentris 7 memiliki ketebalan 28,33 μm dan 18 μm. Ketebalan talus dengan garis konsentris 5 dan 7 masing-masing adalah 99,44 μm, 114,77 μm. Diameter meduler dengan garis konsentris 5 dan 7 masing-masing adalah 37,88 μm, 45,5 μm. Diameter rata-rata tetra sporangia masing-masing dengan garis konsentris 5 dan 7 yaitu 25,66 μm, 35,66 μm. Talus P. australis Hauck berdasarkan garis konsentris 5 dan 7 memiliki perbedaan ukuran pada ketebalan epidermis adaxial, ketebalan epidermis abaxial, ketebalan talus, diameter meduler, dan diameter tetra sporangia. Implikasi penelitian ini sebagai database pada data dasar karakter anatomi P. australis yang dikaitkan denggan produktsi alginat dan data dasar taksonomi. ABSTRACT: Anatomical character data can be used to determine the productivity of P. australis Hauck's seaweed alginate content. Each thallus has a thallus size and the number of varied concentric lines. The aim of the research is to determine the anatomical characteristics of the Padina australis Hauck thallus. Seaweed sampling by purposive random sampling technique in Karang Tengah beach, Cilacap regency. Preparation of microscopic by paraffin method with safranin 1% in 70% alcohol. Parameters observed included thickness of the epidermis, size of a medullary cell, the thickness of thallus, and the size of tetra sporangia. The anatomical character data was analyzed by t-Test with a 95% confidence level. The result of the research showed that the anatomical character of the thallus with concentric line 5 had a thickness of adaxial and abaxial epidermis respectively is 20.05 μm and 12.55 μm, whereas in concentric line 7 had a thickness of 28.33 μm and 18 μm. The thickness of the thallus with concentric lines 5 and 7 respectively is 99.44 μm, 114.77 μm. Medullary diameter with concentric lines 5 and 7 respectively is 37,88 μm, 45,5 μm. The average diameter of tetra sporangia with concentric lines 5 and 7 respectively that is 25,66 μm, 35,66 μm. Thallus of P. australis Hauck based on concentric lines 5 and 7 has differences of sizes on the adaxial epidermal thickness, thickness of the abaxial epidermis, the thickness of the thallus, medullary diameter, and diameter of tetra sporangia. The implications anatomical characters associated with alginate productivity and taxonomic baseline data.

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Histological aspects of mini-grafting of passiflora edulis sims. And passiflora mucronata lam.

Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura ◽

10.1590/0100-29452018174 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Edilson Romais Schmildt ◽

Layane Segantini Oliari ◽

Rodrigo Sobreira Alexandre ◽

Fábio Oseias dos Reis da Silva ◽

Omar Schmildt

Keyword(s):

Histological Analysis ◽

Vascular Tissue ◽

Soil Fungus ◽

Shoot Tips ◽

Passion Fruit ◽

Passiflora Edulis ◽

Fruit Species ◽

Passiflora Edulis Sims ◽

Yellow Passion Fruit ◽

Parenchyma Tissue

Abstract In Brazil, the main cultivated passion fruit species is Passiflora edulis, which is affected by Fusarium soil fungus. P. mucronata species stands out because it presents resistance to this fungus, being thus an alternative rootstock to yellow passion fruit. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the anatomy of mini-grafting by top cleft grafting and simple English type grafting, using shoot tips of adult P. edulis plants in clonal rootstocks of P. mucronata. When the rootstocks reached approximately 2.5 mm in diameter and 20 cm in height, grafting was carried out with Parafilm® tape fasteners and silicone clip. At the end of 60 days, histological analysis of the grafting region was performed to verify the formation of the scarring parenchyma tissue (callus). The filling of the mini-grafting cleft by callus was verified; however, there was no differentiation of the new vascular tissue at 60 days after grafting. During the performance of the simple English type grafting using Parafilm® tape, it was extremely difficult to encircle the tape and at the same time to join the bionts so that tissue junction is perfect. Mini-grafting by top cleft grafting using Parafilm® tape fastener is recommended.

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Morphological characteristics of leaves from some legume forages: relation to digestion and mechanical strength

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b82-261 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 60 (10) ◽

pp. 2126-2132 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

G. L. Lees ◽

R. E. Howarth ◽

B. P. Goplen

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Strength ◽

Vascular Tissue ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Red Clover ◽

Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽

Abaxial Epidermis ◽

Rumen Microorganisms ◽

Tertiary Vein ◽

Bundle Sheath Cells ◽

Astragalus Cicer

Leaflets of bloat-causing and bloat-safe forage legumes were examined to identify morphological characteristics which might relate to mechanical strength, rate of digestion, and bloat-causing potential. The bloat-causing legumes were alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), white clover (Trifolium repens L.), and red clover (T. pratense L.). The bloat-safe legumes were cicer milk-vetch (Astragalus cicer L.), birdsfoot-trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.), and sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.). Only cicer milk-vetch had reticulate secondary and tertiary vein patterns and collenchyma or bundle sheath cells extending from the vascular tissue to both epidermal layers in the primary, secondary, and tertiary veins. Sainfoin and birdsfoot-trefoil leaflets contained tannin sacs beneath the adaxial epidermis and extending into the mesophyll. Sainfoin also had an intermittent subepidermal layer of cells adjacent to the abaxial epidermis. Sainfoin and cicer milk-vetch leaflets were the least disrupted by shaking with glass beads. Digestion of whole leaflets by rumen microorganisms or a purified leaf-macerating enzyme was less extensive in the bloat-safe species. These digestion results and recent findings on the mechanical strength of leaflets from the same species may be related to secondary and tertiary vein patterns and structure.

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Morphological and agronomical characters of four black rice varieties from West Kalimantan, Indonesia

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity ◽

10.13057/biodiv/d210329 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

Author(s):

TANTRI PALUPI ◽

FRANKY PANGARIBUAN ◽

HEARNES ◽

FADJAR RIYANTO ◽

WASIAN ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rice Variety ◽

Rice Paddy ◽

Anthocyanin Content ◽

Black Rice ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

West Kalimantan ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Agronomical Characters

Abstract. Palupi T, Pangaribuan F, Hearnes, Riyanto F, Wasian, Zulfita D. 2020. Morphological and agronomical characters of four black rice varieties from West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 1065-1073. The black rice paddy is a variety of rice known to have anthocyanin content which is beneficial to human health. Yet, the black rice paddy is relatively rare to find as not all rice-growing areas develop and plant black rice. West Kalimantan has several potential black rice varieties which are potentials as genetic resources to create a new black rice variety in plant breeding programs. This research was aimed to describe the morphological and agronomical characteristics of four black rice varieties from West Kalimantan, namely Nanga Taman, Mukok, Senakin, and Ensalang. The study was conducted at the experimental garden of Agriculture Faculty, University of Tanjungpura, Pontianak using Completely Randomized Design. Each variety consisted of six replications, and each replication consisted of 3 samples. We observed 12 characters of the vegetative phase and 21 characters of the generative period. The four varieties had similarities in 13 characters and differences in 20 characters. The results showed that the four black rice had superior properties such as the stem angle and the angle of the leaves is upright so that it reduces interference from bird pests. Among them, the Senakin variety had an advantage over the three other varieties in terms of plant height, age, the number of productive tillers, and weight of grains.

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Detection of Vascular Discontinuity in Bud Unions of `Jonagold' Apple on Mark Rootstock with Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs.118.1.92 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 118 (1) ◽

pp. 92-96 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Michele R. Warmund ◽

Bruce H. Barritt ◽

John M. Brown ◽

Karen L. Schaffer ◽

Byoung R. Jeong

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Signal Intensity ◽

Vascular Tissue ◽

Bound Water ◽

High Signal Intensity ◽

High Signal ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽

Parenchyma Tissue

`Jonagold'/Mark apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) trees that were chip-budded in Washington and Illinois on 31 Aug. or 21 Sept. 1989 were sampled in Apr. 1990 to determine if magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) could be used to nondestructively examine vascular continuity or discontinuity between the rootstock and scion. Images could be placed into three categories based on signal intensity: 1) the rootstock, bud shield, and the bud or new scion growth had a high signal intensity; 2) the rootstock and the bud shield had a high signal intensity, but the scion had a low signal intensity; and 3) the rootstock had a high signal intensity, but the bud shield and scion had a low signal intensity. High signal intensity was associated with bound water in live tissue and the establishment of vascular continuity between the rootstock and scion. Azosulfamide staining and destructive sectioning confirmed that vascular continuity was established when the rootstock, bud shield, and scion had a high signal intensity in images, whereas budding failure occurred when the bud shield and/or the scion had a low signal intensity. Additional trees that had wilted or weak scion growth were collected from Illinois in June 1990. Parenchyma tissue was found in the scion adjacent to the bud shield that interrupted the vascular tissue. Poor scion growth on trees from the 21 Sept. budding in Washington may be attributed to insufficient growth of rootstock and/or scion tissues at the union in the fall.

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Anisotropic Membranes as Substrates for Sem

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100092189 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 34 ◽

pp. 444-445

Author(s):

Thomas P. Turnbull ◽

W. F. Bowers

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽

High Flow ◽

Polymer Chemistry ◽

Surface Porosity ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Pore Texture ◽

Spongy Layer ◽

Scanning Electron

Until recently the prime purposes of filters have been to produce clear filtrates or to collect particles from solution and then remove the filter medium and examine the particles by transmission electron microscopy. These filters have not had the best characteristics for scanning electron microscopy due to the size of the pores or the surface topography. Advances in polymer chemistry and membrane technology resulted in membranes whose characteristics make them versatile substrates for many scanning electron microscope applications. These polysulphone type membranes are anisotropic, consisting of a very thin (0.1 to 1.5 μm) dense skin of extremely fine, controlled pore texture upon a much thicker (50 to 250μm), spongy layer of the same polymer. Apparent pore diameters can be controlled in the range of 10 to 40 A. The high flow ultrafilters which we are describing have a surface porosity in the range of 15 to 25 angstrom units (0.0015-0.0025μm).

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Elemental Analysis of Phloem Tissue in Lemna Minor Root Tips

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s1431927600003470 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 38 ◽

pp. 798-799

Author(s):

Patrick Echlin ◽

Thomas Hayes ◽

Clifford Lai ◽

Greg Hook

Keyword(s):

Vascular Tissue ◽

Lemna Minor ◽

Atomic Weight ◽

Companion Cell ◽

Root Tips ◽

Phloem Tissue ◽

Cell Stage ◽

Phloem Parenchyma ◽

Parenchyma Cells ◽

Xylem Element

Studies (1—4) have shown that it is possible to distinguish different stages of phloem tissue differentiation in the developing roots of Lemna minor by examination in the transmission, scanning, and optical microscopes. A disorganized meristem, immediately behind the root-cap, gives rise to the vascular tissue, which consists of single central xylem element surrounded by a ring of phloem parenchyma cells. This ring of cells is first seen at the 4-5 cell stage, but increases to as many as 11 cells by repeated radial anticlinal divisions. At some point, usually at or shortly after the 8 cell stage, two phloem parenchyma cells located opposite each other on the ring of cells, undergo an unsynchronized, periclinal division to give rise to the sieve element and companion cell. Because of the limited number of cells involved, this developmental sequence offers a relatively simple system in which some of the factors underlying cell division and differentiation may be investigated, including the distribution of diffusible low atomic weight elements within individual cells of the phloem tissue.

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Clinical aspects of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species

Biochemical Society Symposium ◽

10.1042/bss0710121 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 71 ◽

pp. 121-133 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Ascan Warnholtz ◽

Maria Wendt ◽

Michael August ◽

Thomas Münzel

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Endothelial Dysfunction ◽

Vascular Tissue ◽

Rapid Development ◽

Reactive Oxygen ◽

Clinical Aspects ◽

No Production ◽

Oxygen Species

Endothelial dysfunction in the setting of cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypercholesterolaemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and chronic smoking, as well as in the setting of heart failure, has been shown to be at least partly dependent on the production of reactive oxygen species in endothelial and/or smooth muscle cells and the adventitia, and the subsequent decrease in vascular bioavailability of NO. Superoxide-producing enzymes involved in increased oxidative stress within vascular tissue include NAD(P)H-oxidase, xanthine oxidase and endothelial nitric oxide synthase in an uncoupled state. Recent studies indicate that endothelial dysfunction of peripheral and coronary resistance and conductance vessels represents a strong and independent risk factor for future cardiovascular events. Ways to reduce endothelial dysfunction include risk-factor modification and treatment with substances that have been shown to reduce oxidative stress and, simultaneously, to stimulate endothelial NO production, such as inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme or the statins. In contrast, in conditions where increased production of reactive oxygen species, such as superoxide, in vascular tissue is established, treatment with NO, e.g. via administration of nitroglycerin, results in a rapid development of endothelial dysfunction, which may worsen the prognosis in patients with established coronary artery disease.

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