scholarly journals The Utilization of Fiddle-Leaf Fig Waste Into Food Preservative

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-51
Author(s):  
Erna Astuti ◽  
Zahrul Mufrodi
Keyword(s):  
Coming Out ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Food Preservative ◽  
The Road ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analyzer ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Liquid Products ◽  
Main Components

Fiddle-leaf Fig is a tree that is widely used as a protective or plants or shade. This plant is usually found on the side of the road, in the office area and as houseplants.  The presence of fiddle-leaf fig leaves that fall from the tree will be a waste for the environment. This study proposes utilization of fiddle-leaf fig waste by pyrolysis method using pyrolysis triple condenser. Thermal analysis was done before experiments using a thermo gravimetric analyzer in the range of temperature of room temperature until 1000 ºC. Process was carried out at heating temperature of 350ºC, 375ºC, 400ºC, 425ºC, 450ºC, 475ºC and 500ºC. The product of pyrolysis were obtained from liquid coming out from the residue container, the first and second condenser, and the smoke is coming out from the third condenser. The smokes were absorbed with water. Further, all of the liquid were analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS). The analysis results show that the main components of pyrolysis liquid products are carboxylic acids, ketones, alcohols, and alkanes. There is gasoline and kerosene in the liquid, so it has the potential to become bio-oil. The largest potential of fiddle-leaf fig waste is as raw material for food preservative because it contains many carboxylic acid compounds.

scholarly journals Colombian fusel oil

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Montoya ◽  
Jairo Durán ◽  
Fernando Córdoba ◽  
Iván Darío Gil ◽  
Carlos Alexander Trujillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Fusel Oil ◽  
Complementary Techniques ◽  
Main Components

By-products valorization in bio-fuels industry is an important issue for making the global process more efficient, more profitable and closer to the concept of biorefinery. Fusel oil is a by-product of bioethanol production that can be considered as an inexpensive and renewable raw material for manufacturing value-added products. In this work, results in terms of composition and physicochemical properties of six samples of fusel oil from industrial alcohol facilities are presented. Composition of the main components was established by gas chromatography. Complementary techniques, such as headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS), were used for detection of minor components. Fifty-five compounds were identified. Physicochemical properties such as density, acid value, moisture content and true boiling point curves were determined. Results are useful in the conceptual design of separation strategies for recovering higher alcohols, as well as to consider new options of valorization alternatives for fusel oil.

scholarly journals Identification of Compounds Released During Pyrolysis of Palm Kernel Shell (PKS) Using Pyrolysis-GC/MS

REAKTOR ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dieni Mansur ◽  
Sabar Pangihutan Simanungkalit
Keyword(s):  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Thermochemical Conversion ◽  
Pyrolysis Gas ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Degradation Temperature ◽  
Bio Oil

Pyrolysis is one of thermochemical conversion to convert biomass into bio-oil. The higher energy content in bio-oil suggests its potential as a raw material in the production of energy, bio-fuels, and other chemicals. Pyrolysis of PKS and the chemicals released were studied using pyrolysis–gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) at 400-600°C. Prior to pyrolysis, thermogravimetry experiments were carried out to monitor the degradation temperature of hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin in the PKS. Degradation of hemicellulose occurred within a temperature range of 150-330°C, whereas the cellulose was degraded in temperatures range between 330-400°C. Degradation of lignin took place within a broad range of temperatures, which reached maximum at temperatures range of 200-500°C. Based on the Py-GC/MS results, pyrolysis of PKS at 400°C produced bio-oil that can be used as biofuel due to its high aromatic compounds but low carboxylic acids contents. Keywords: bio-oil; chemical; palm kernel shell; Py-GC/MS; thermogravimetry .

scholarly journals Determination of composition of fatty acids in Saponaria officinalis L.

2021 ◽  
pp. 25-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliia Budniak ◽  
Liudmyla Slobodianiuk ◽  
Svitlana Marchyshyn ◽  
Liliya Kostyshyn ◽  
Oleksandrа Horoshko
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Qualitative Composition ◽  
Fatty Acids Composition ◽  
Quantitative Content ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Saponaria Officinalis

Treatment using medicinal plants with a long history of use is of interest to our society. These plants include Saponaria officinalis L., as well commonly known as common soapwort belongs to the family Caryophyllaceae. The herb and roots of this plant used as a blood purifier, an expectorant in bronchitis, diaphoretic and diuretic, for skin diseases, to increase bile flow. The plant contains various secondary metabolites, but there is no information on the fatty acids composition of Saponaria officinalis L. herb and roots. The aim. The aim of the present study was to determine the qualitative composition and quantitative content of fatty acids by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry method (GC/MS) in Saponaria officinalis L. herb and roots. Materials and methods. The determination of fatty acids composition of Saponaria officinalis L. herb and roots were carried out by gas chromatograph Agilent 6890N (Agilent Technologies, USA). Results. The research of Saponaria officinalis L. herb showed a mixture of unsaturated (1.9 mg/g) and saturated (1.27 mg/g) fatty acids. The main components of this raw material were linolenic (1.15 mg/g), linoleic (0.75 mg/g) and heneicosylic (0.38 mg/g) acids. The main components of this raw material were palmitic (0.38 mg/g), linoleic (0.16 mg/g) and linolenic (0.09 mg/g) acids. Conclusions. As a result of Saponaria officinalis L. study, the presence of fatty acids is established in herb and roots. Using the GC/MS method determined the qualitative composition and quantitative content of fatty acids in study raw material. Twelve fatty acids were determined in the herb of Saponaria officinalis L. The dominant fatty acids in the studied raw material were linolenic and linoleic acids, their content was 1.15 mg/g and 0.75 mg/g, respectively. Nine fatty acids were determined in the Saponaria officinalis L. roots. The palmitic acid prevailed among fatty acids, it is content was 0.38 mg/g. Our findings suggest that Saponaria officinalis L. is a promising plant because of the important role of fatty acids in different biological processes

Diols as solvent media for liquefaction of corn stalk at ambient pressure

BioResources ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 6818-6836
Author(s):  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Zhong Liu ◽  
Lanfeng Hui ◽  
Huimei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Ambient Pressure ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Corn Stalk ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Environmental Process ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Selection Of

The proper selection of solvents is important during liquefaction of biomass process to produce fuel additives and valuable chemicals. In this study, novel low-cost liquefying agents such 1,2-propanediol (PG), diethylene glycol (DEG), and 1,4-butanediol (BDO), as well as the traditional liquefying agent, ethylene glycol (EG), were used. It was found that the liquefaction yield of corn stalk in the presence of PG at the optimum temperature of 180 °C was up to 99.2%, which was higher than that of the other three liquefying agents. The main components and functional groups of bio-oil with an acid catalyst were characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The chief constituents of bio-oil were complex, and corn stalk could be effectively degraded with PG liquefaction. Moreover, the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) data also revealed that the fiber structure of the liquefied corn stalk was destroyed and essentially liquefied during PG liquefaction. Consequently, all the results in the study successfully confirmed that PG can provide an efficient and environmental process for generating bio-oil from lignocellulosic mass at a low cost in liquefaction of corn stalk.

Selective Depolymerization of Sulfuric Acid Pretreated Wheat Stalk under Microwave-Irradiation

2014 ◽  
Vol 1070-1072 ◽  
pp. 126-130
Author(s):  
Jun Ji Fang ◽  
Wei Zhao ◽  
Chen Zhao ◽  
Kai Xuan Zhou ◽  
Qiang Lei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Microwave Irradiation ◽  
Liquid Product ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Orthogonal Experiments ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Main Components

The optimum conditions for selective depolymerization of wheat stalk under microwave-irradiation were determined by orthogonal experiments. Sulfuric acid was used as pretreated reagent. The liquid product (bio-oil) was examined by the gas chromatography/ mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The analysis of GC/MS of bio-oil indicated that furfural and butyrolactone were the main components, whose relative contents were 60.9% and 45.8% under its optimum conditions, respectively.

scholarly journals HYDROTHERMAL LIQUEFACTION OF MAHOGANY (Swietenia macrophylla) SAWDUST

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-17
Author(s):  
Mulhidin Mulhidin ◽  
Ahmad Tawfiequrrahman Yuliansyah ◽  
Agus Prasetya
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Treatment ◽  
Initial Pressure ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Swietenia Macrophylla ◽  
High Heating Value ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Liquid Products ◽  
Dissolved Chemicals ◽  
Complex Organic

Hydrothermal treatment is one of the thermochemical methods to convert complex organic compounds, such as organic waste and biomass, into upgraded solid, bio-oil, and other dissolved chemicals by utilizing the properties of water at near critical condition. Such method is very potential since the process is environmentally friendly and the products have more added values. In this research, conversion of mahogany sawdust (Swietenia macrophylla) using hydrothermal treatment method was studied. The experiments were conducted in a batch autoclave with temperature range of 200-300oC and initial pressure of 1 MPa. At targeted temperature, the process was hold for 30 minutes. In addition, biomass-water ratio (B/W ratio) for experiments was varied at 1:20, 2:20 and 3:20. The liquid products, which were characterized by Gas chromatography-Mass spectrometry (GC/MS) instrument, showed the presence of furfural and several organic acids, but no flavonoid compounds. Thus, coloring potential test of hydrothermal liquid was unsuccessful; there were not any color attached on the cloth specimen. On the other hand, proximate and ultimate test results indicated that solid products had high heating value (HHV) of 4625.34-4876.25 cal/g which were comparable to that of sub-bituminous coal.

scholarly journals Generating Organic Liquid Products from Catalytic Cracking of Used Cooking Oil over Mechanically Mixed Catalysts

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-166
Author(s):  
Khajornsak Onlamnao ◽  
Sanphawat Phromphithak ◽  
Nakorn Tippayawong
Keyword(s):  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Organic Liquid ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Used Cooking Oil ◽  
Mixed Catalyst ◽  
Liquid Products ◽  
Main Components

Used cooking oil is unsuitable to use again in the food process, but it may be harnessed as raw material in biofuel production. In this work, used palm oil was reactedvia cracking over mechanically mixed catalystsbetween ZSM-5 and Y-Re-16to generate organic liquid products (OLP). The catalysts used were known for highacidity and lowcost for decomposition, degradation,and deoxygenation of triglycerides. The cracking experiments were conducted in a flow reactor. The experimental variables included reaction temperature between 300-500°C, catalyst loading between 5-20 % w/w, and ratio of mixed catalyst between ZSM-5 and Y-Re-16 from 0-100 % w/w. They were setvia response surface methodology and central composite design of experiments. Both catalysts showed good cracking reaction. The optimum condition for generating the OLP of about 85 % w/w was found at 300°C, 5 % catalyst loading, 97 % ratio of mixed catalyst. The OLPs with different short-chain hydrocarbons between C7-C21 were identified. The main components were 71.43% of diesel, 12.11% of gasoline, and 8.95% of kerosene-like components.©2020. CBIORE-IJRED. All rights reserved

Catalytic Pyrolysis of Biomass: Yields and Characterization of the Products

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Funda Ates ◽  
Ayse Eren Putun ◽  
Ersan Putun
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Liquid Products ◽  
Pyrolysis Oils

Terpene hydrocarbons are high energy capacity hydrocarbons. The most known terpenoid biomass is Euphorbiaceae family. Euphorbia rigida, a member of Euphorbiaceae, was used as the biomass feedstock and natural zeolite was used as the catalyst in this study. In the experimental studies, firstly the raw material was analysed for its moisture, ash, volatile matter and fixed carbon. Then experiments were carried out in steam atmosphere in a fixed-bed reactor with a heating rate of 7 K/min, pyrolysis temperature of 823 K and mean particular size of 0.55 mm by mixing the catalyst to feedstock in different percentages. Experiments were performed with the catalyst ratios of 5, 10, 20 and 25 (weight-%) under steam atmosphere with the velocities of 12, 25 and 52 cm3/min to determine the effect of catalyst and steam on the product yields and bio-oil composition. Steam velocities were considered as the average steam velocities in the inlet tube of the reactor. The maximum bio-oil was reached to a value of 39.7% when using catalyst ratio of 20% and steam flow rate of 25 cm3/min. Pyrolysis oils were examined by using elemental analysis, IR and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The liquid products were also fractionated by column chromatography and the gas chromatographic analysis of n-pentane eluate was performed.

Pengurangan Kadar Minyak Pada Abon Ikan Produksi Savitri Dan Tiaras Dengan Penerapan Alat Peniris Serbaguna Di Kota Kupang

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Muntasir Muntasir ◽  
Pius Weraman
Keyword(s):  
Raw Material ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Filter Model ◽  
Simulation Tools ◽  
The Public ◽  
Fish Meat ◽  
Efficiency Increase ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Design And Manufacture

Community Partnership Program in small home industry of making fish floss brand "Savitri" and "Tiaras" inKupang city in the form of application of electric centrifugation filter model has been implemented. One of the problemsin the production of Savitri and Tiaras fish floss is that there is still a lot of oil in the frying product which is only drainedon a simple sieve and then placed for some time on traditional tools of filter and paper that can cause low quality and lowquality, so it is necessary to reduce the oil yield frying fish floss product. In order to increase the added value and sellingvalue of the products, it is necessary synergy between Universities and Partners in the form of application of the results ofscience and technology to the public. The main components of the composer of the versatile filter are the cylindrical plateas the bucket of the filter, the cylinder filter, the electric dynamo as the centrifuge system rotator and the load-bearingconstruction. The method of this program is the provision of materials, design and manufacture of tools, demonstrationtools and the provision of a versatile filter cylinder system centrifuge model by the team, simulation tools, specialcounseling at the location of partners and suggestions as a follow-up in the endurance of production. The output of thisprogram can provide added value in the form of the use of this tool can improve labor efficiency, increase productivitypartners by producing 40 kg to 50 kg raw material, raw fish marlin, fish meat after cleaning, processed, fried, in andpacked into 80-100 packs of fish floss with the price of Rp. 40,000.00 per package weighing 250 grams. With estimatedpartners will earn a profit of Rp 3,200,000 - 4,000,000.00 per production or 12,800,000.00 - 16,000,000.00 per month incash and consumptions, as well as the abundance of non-greasy, clean and hybrid fish products

scholarly journals Coupled Preparation of Ferronickel and Cementitious Material from Laterite Nickel Ores

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 4992
Author(s):  
Ruimeng Shi ◽  
Xiaoming Li ◽  
Yaru Cui ◽  
Junxue Zhao ◽  
Chong Zou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Direct Reduction ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Tricalcium Silicate ◽  
Cementitious Material ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Tricalcium Aluminate ◽  
Thermodynamic Conditions ◽  
Nickel Ores ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Factsage Software

Nickel slags can be produced through ferronickel preparation by the pyrometallurgical processing of laterite nickel ores; however, such techniques are underutilized at present, and serious environmental problems arise from the stockpiling of such nickel ores. In this study, a modification to the process of ferronickel preparation by the direct reduction of carbon bases in laterite nickel ores is proposed. The gangue from the ore is used as a raw material to prepare a cementitious material, with the main components of tricalcium silicate and tricalcium aluminate. By using FactSage software, thermodynamic calculations are performed to analyze the reduction of nickel and iron and the effect of reduction on the formation of tricalcium silicate and tricalcium aluminate. The feasibility of a coupled process to prepare ferronickel and cementitious materials by the direct reduction of laterite nickel ore and gangue calcination, respectively, is discussed under varying thermodynamic conditions. Different warming strategies are applied to experimentally verify the coupled reactions. The coupled preparation of ferronickel and cementitious materials with calcium silicate and calcium aluminate as the main phases in the same experimental process is realized.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document