scholarly journals Dictionaries Faced With a Nomination Conflict. An Analysis of the Semantic Modelling of the integration, insertion, assimilation, inclusion, acculturation, incorporation Paradigm in Two Universal French Language Dictionaries

Kalbotyra ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 221-246
Author(s):  
Maude Vadot
Keyword(s):  
Political Discourse ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Semantic Relations ◽  
French Language ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Semantic Modelling ◽  
Micro Analysis ◽  
The Given

This article aims to conduct a metalexicographical micro-analysis of a paradigm of French lexemes whose uses have raised socio-political issues for several decades: integration, insertion, assimilation, inclusion, even acculturation and incorporation. While many recent publications bring these terms into play as sociological concepts, or study their uses in political discourse, work on the semantic functioning and uses of these lexemes in other discourses is rarer. However, the recurrent nomination conflict that runs through French public policies on immigration shows that the stakes of these usages remain salient. Do French dictionaries make it possible to grasp the ideological issues raised by the competing uses of lexemes? How do they treat and model the abundance of uses of these lexemes? How are paradigmatic competitors related: opposition, contrast, synonymy, hyperonymy, co-hyponymy? What are the salient semantic features retained in the given definitions?The corpus selected for this study is composed of extracts from two generalist French-language dictionaries, the Petit Robert de la langue française and the Trésor de la Langue Française informatisé. I analyse the production of meaning at work by using a grid with four entries. First, I model and analyze the semantic relations established between the terms of the paradigm, relations which structure the paradigm. I then try to identify the semantic features which are similar or different between the lexemes, thus revealing another type of structure in the micro-system. Last, I work on the collocations and the agentive configurations implemented in the definitions and examples composing each article.All these analyses highlight a defining circularity that hinders a contrastive grasp of the lexemes, in a context where important social and political issues are at stake.

ԿՐԱՎՈՐԱԿԱՆ ՍԵՌԻ ՄԵՂՄԱՍՈՒԹԱՅԻՆ ԿԻՐԱՌՈՒՄԸ ՔԱՂԱՔԱԿԱՆ ԽՈՍՈՒՅԹՈՒՄ / EUPHEMISTIC USE OF PASSIVE VOICE IN POLITICAL DISCOURSE

2021 ◽  
pp. 205-217
Author(s):  
SYUZANNA STEPANYAN
Keyword(s):  
Political Discourse ◽  
Public Image ◽  
Passive Voice ◽  
The Given

Modern political discourse is abundant in politically correct language which is often actualized through the subtle use of passive voice. The given article analyses the euphemistic functions the passive voice performs in political discourse. The euphemistic use of passive voice is relatively common in the discourse of American politicians. Hence, most of the examples analysed in the study were extracted from American news articles involving quotes by American politicians. Basic euphemistic functions of passive voice such as the misleading and obfuscating, information distorting, self-promoting and desireable public image shaping functions were outlined in the article.

"You Can't Just Say That the Only Ones Who Can Speak Are Those Who Agree with Your Position": Political Discourse in the Classroom

1993 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 412-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melinda Fine
Keyword(s):  
Middle School ◽  
Political Discourse ◽  
Controversial Issues ◽  
Social Differences ◽  
Classroom Dynamics ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
School Classroom ◽  
Teachers And Students

In this article, Melinda Fine describes the classroom dynamics surrounding the discussion of controversial issues in a middle school classroom. Through observation and interviews, she creates a detailed portrait of the interactions among teachers and students, revealing that while discussions of emotionally charged social and political issues are often heated and difficult, they can still be constructive. Fine maintains that students are more resilient and able to handle disagreement than is often believed. She concludes by arguing that education in a democracy requires that teachers and students learn to deal constructively with political and social differences.

scholarly journals Lexico-semantical features of borrowed words from French language to English

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Safarova Xurshida Salimovna
Keyword(s):  
French Language ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Depth Analysis

The article provides an in-depth analysis of the lexical and semantic features of words translated from French into English. Examples are given and studied lexically and semantically. The problem that many students, especially adults, face is why many words in English do not lend themselves to reading rules. It's all about their origin, namely, borrowed from other languages.

“Unfrenchifying” Quebec

2020 ◽  
pp. 347-381
Author(s):  
Nancy Christie
Keyword(s):  
Political Discourse ◽  
French Language ◽  
French Canadian ◽  
Political Opposition ◽  
Natural Equation ◽  
British Rule ◽  
Political Factions ◽  
British Nationalism ◽  
The Way

In keeping with the overall theme of the contested nature of British rule, this chapter investigates the establishment of the first French-language newspaper, Le Canadien, demonstrating the way in which the French Canadian political opposition appropriated the tenets of classical republicanism to break the natural equation between Britishness and liberty. Because of this move, the English press was compelled to embrace Court Whig political discourse so that political allegiances and ideologies were now synonymous with two ethnic political factions. The discourse of political opposition was not derived from the model of the American Republic, as historians have previously contended, but was adapted from a longstanding mode of political argument within the colony and was driven by an often stridently anti-Catholic and anti-French British nationalism.

scholarly journals Connecting Public Policies for Family Farmers and Women’s Empowerment: The Case of the Brazilian Semi-Arid

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 5961
Author(s):  
Emily Aparecida Ferreira Brandão ◽  
Thiago da Rocha Santos ◽  
Stephan Rist
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Household Food Security ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Political Empowerment ◽  
Daily Work ◽  
Family Farmers ◽  
Sexual Division Of Labor ◽  
Semi Arid

The role played by women in worldwide food production and food security has reinvigorated debates about the recognition of women’s rights in the rural sector regarding better working conditions and the reduction of gender inequalities. In the 1980s, the social movement in Brazil restructured the politics in the agrarian sector by integrating farmers’ rights and women’s demands. Against this background, the objective of this study is to analyze, through the actors’ perspectives, whether and how the combination of public policies for family farmers affected the socio-economic and political empowerment of women. Our case study covers family farmers from traditional communities located in the Brazilian semi-arid. The results show that women achieved economic stability by participating in public food procurement programmes. In addition, access to cisterns released women from the daily work of collecting water. Women became more involved with political issues, increasing participation in institutions such as NGOs, associations and cooperatives. Among the negative aspects, the study found that the sexual division of labor increased within the household context, and, despite being fundamental for ensuring household food security, women still struggle to have access to the means of production.

scholarly journals Object Detection Based on Region Decomposition and Assembly

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 8094-8101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung-Hwan Bae
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Object Detection ◽  
Performance Improvement ◽  
Semantic Relations ◽  
Detection Accuracy ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Object Proposals ◽  
Object Region ◽  
High Level

Region-based object detection infers object regions for one or more categories in an image. Due to the recent advances in deep learning and region proposal methods, object detectors based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been flourishing and provided the promising detection results. However, the detection accuracy is degraded often because of the low discriminability of object CNN features caused by occlusions and inaccurate region proposals. In this paper, we therefore propose a region decomposition and assembly detector (R-DAD) for more accurate object detection.In the proposed R-DAD, we first decompose an object region into multiple small regions. To capture an entire appearance and part details of the object jointly, we extract CNN features within the whole object region and decomposed regions. We then learn the semantic relations between the object and its parts by combining the multi-region features stage by stage with region assembly blocks, and use the combined and high-level semantic features for the object classification and localization. In addition, for more accurate region proposals, we propose a multi-scale proposal layer that can generate object proposals of various scales. We integrate the R-DAD into several feature extractors, and prove the distinct performance improvement on PASCAL07/12 and MSCOCO18 compared to the recent convolutional detectors.

Why not semantic relations?

1979 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-251
Author(s):  
Judith Duchan ◽  
Nancy J. Lund
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Relations ◽  
Category System ◽  
Criterion A ◽  
The One ◽  
The Given

ABSTRACTThis study challenges the semantic relations categories widely used for explaining children's early utterances. Ten 3-year-olds were asked two sets of questions involving the verb + with construction. Their responses were categorized according to existing semantic relations categories such as instrumental and locative. Problems with this approach emerged which were solved by developing a more simple dichotomous category system. The children responded by naming an item which is characteristically present for the duration of the given verb and not beyond its duration (chew with food). Thus the chosen item's presence was BOUNDED by the duration of the activity. When several items fitted the bounded criterion, the one most necessary for carrying out the activity was selected, and when no items fitted the bounded criterion, a non-bounded or continuously present item was reluctantly chosen.

Lexical competence development of the future linguist students in multilingualism terms

2019 ◽  
pp. 90-98
Author(s):  
Iraida Bryxina
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Opportunity To Learn ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
French Language ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Higher Education System ◽  
The Future ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Lexical Competence ◽  
Semantic Expansion

We consider the problem of the development of the lexical competence of the future linguists who study French language after English in the higher education system. We also analyze English borrowings in French language, consider their adaptation in the receiving language and reveal the semantic features of foreign words. It is disclosed that the lexical competence of a future linguist who studies French in multilingual terms, is the ability of the learner to determine the contextual meaning of foreign words, to compare the volume of their meanings in English, French and Russian languages, to explicate the meanings of words showing sensitivity to differences in lan-guages. Future linguists have the opportunity to learn the phenomena of the French language, ac-cept them, or through dialogue and textual analysis of linguistic information correct their mistakes. It is revealed that at the semantic stage of the integration of anglicisms into French language, their semantic expansion or restriction occurs. It is proved that the knowledge component of students’ lexical competence includes ideas about interlanguage lexical correspondences, word-formation structure of the word and their semantic features. Different strategies are used to study lexical units: searching for information in paper and electronic dictionaries, language supports, interlanguage contrasting exercises, which contribute to the improvement of the lexical competence of students in multilingualism terms. The use of information and communication technologies allows to develop receptive and productive lexical skills of students, contributes to the expansion of their vocabulary, leads to the development of future specialist’s awareness.

scholarly journals ON THE CHANGE OF VALUES OF POSTNOMINATIVE APPENDICES IN THE PROCESS OF TRANSFORMATION IN THE MODERN ENGLISH

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (21) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sevil M. Radjabova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
General Concept ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Altered Form ◽  
The Given ◽  
Informative Element

Article deals with the changes of the meanings of the post nominal adjectives in the process of transformation in the modern English language. On the basis of the linguoculturological approach and the method of linguistic analysis, the characteristic features of the change in the meanings of post-nominative adjectives in the English language have been revealed. In the English language the adjectives can perform the function of predicative. For the semantics of the adjectives which have the predicative function, these adjectives are characterized by inner qualitative diversity. Mainly, qualitative adjectives refer to classical predication and denote the feature of the object directly. Such adjectives have more features of predication. The predicative sign of the adjective, the presence of a connotation of subjective assessment determines its semantics and use. There are differences between the constructions used in the predicate function in phrases that perform the function of the subject and in the altered form of word phrases related attributively and predicatively. The predicative relation is the immunest form of syntactic connection and in predicative connectives the structural restriction in comparison with attributive constructions is extremely limited. Adjectives as predicative words do not have denotation and reference, they have no denoter, there is a signification. Basing on their indicative characteristics, it is possible to present all the possible semantic features. For the English language it is characteristic the use of the attribute before the defined word. The development from a special sign of thought to a general concept is characteristic for the whole structure of the English language; it is even possible to observe it in word formation. In most cases, taking into account the use of the adjective in the function of an attribute, the terms like postpositional (post nominal) and prepositional (prenominal) adjectives are used. The reasons for the change in the position of adjectives should be sought not always in the nature of the adjective, but in the degree to which it determines its referent. The semes that make up the meaning of the word are at different levels and are more or less stable. In adjectives, the nuclear seme, or subseme, is always found next to the differential seme. In other words, the adjective cannot be combined with nouns in all semantic groups. When an adjective is combined with a noun, a background is formed that allows or prevents the actualization of a particular seme. This causes the activation of a specific seme associated with the semantics of the given name in combination with the given name. Such semes are reflected in the join semantics. The opposite can also be said. The adjective itself chooses the noun for word formation. After all, the same adjective behaves differently in relation to transformation into different attributive complexes. In our opinion, adjectives act as an important restrictive informative element at the content level.

scholarly journals Social Dialects in Modern French Language

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Galina Bernetska
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Special Section ◽  
Practical Interest ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
French Language ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Vertical Division ◽  
Definition Of

The article is a study of phonetic-morphological and semantic-stylistic features of argotic vocabulary in contemporary French language. The work is devoted to questions of structural-semantic and phonetic-morphological peculiarities of the argotic vocabulary in printed mass media. The conducted research has shown that the argotic vocabulary can be considered as a special lexical subsystem of spoken language, which is characterized by a steady tendency to penetrate into higher linguistic levels due to its phonetic-morphological and semantic features. The systematization of phonetic and semantic processes in the argotic dictionary is carried out. We have noticed that argot from a linguistic point of view is an expressive lexical subsystem of spoken language, which is characterized by a large expressive potential and rapid changes in vocabulary and penetrates into higher levels of the French language. From the point of view of modern linguistics, the French language can be viewed in vertical and horizontal sections. Horizontal division is caused by the existence of the dialectal partition of the French language. The vertical division is explained by the existence of social groups that use one or another sociolect. Analyzing the evolution of the definition of argot, we can assume that in its development argot passed the long way from the language taboo to the special lexical subsystem of the literary-spoken language. We have noticed that it is important to distinguish argot and spoken language. In spite of the both scientific and practical interest in the spoken language problem and the emergence of numerous studies that led to the creation of colloquialism as a special section of linguistics, a number of aspects of spoken language (approaches to its identification, differentiation of spoken language and related phenomena) remain insufficiently highlighted. The spoken language (vernacular), according to modern linguistic assertions, occupies an intermediate position between the spoken-literary language, dialects and sociolects. We have noticed that the democratization of the norms of the literary language led to the emergence of a literary-colloquial form of spoken language. Such a combination of literary and spoken language is caused by the nature of social development. Key words: argot; slang; French language; dialect; argotheistic vocabulary; non-normative variant elements; semantics; phonetics; morphology; mass media.

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