scholarly journals Lexico-semantical features of borrowed words from French language to English

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Safarova Xurshida Salimovna
Keyword(s):  
French Language ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Depth Analysis

The article provides an in-depth analysis of the lexical and semantic features of words translated from French into English. Examples are given and studied lexically and semantically. The problem that many students, especially adults, face is why many words in English do not lend themselves to reading rules. It's all about their origin, namely, borrowed from other languages.

Lexical competence development of the future linguist students in multilingualism terms

2019 ◽  
pp. 90-98
Author(s):  
Iraida Bryxina
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Opportunity To Learn ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
French Language ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Higher Education System ◽  
The Future ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Lexical Competence ◽  
Semantic Expansion

We consider the problem of the development of the lexical competence of the future linguists who study French language after English in the higher education system. We also analyze English borrowings in French language, consider their adaptation in the receiving language and reveal the semantic features of foreign words. It is disclosed that the lexical competence of a future linguist who studies French in multilingual terms, is the ability of the learner to determine the contextual meaning of foreign words, to compare the volume of their meanings in English, French and Russian languages, to explicate the meanings of words showing sensitivity to differences in lan-guages. Future linguists have the opportunity to learn the phenomena of the French language, ac-cept them, or through dialogue and textual analysis of linguistic information correct their mistakes. It is revealed that at the semantic stage of the integration of anglicisms into French language, their semantic expansion or restriction occurs. It is proved that the knowledge component of students’ lexical competence includes ideas about interlanguage lexical correspondences, word-formation structure of the word and their semantic features. Different strategies are used to study lexical units: searching for information in paper and electronic dictionaries, language supports, interlanguage contrasting exercises, which contribute to the improvement of the lexical competence of students in multilingualism terms. The use of information and communication technologies allows to develop receptive and productive lexical skills of students, contributes to the expansion of their vocabulary, leads to the development of future specialist’s awareness.

scholarly journals Social Dialects in Modern French Language

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Galina Bernetska
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Special Section ◽  
Practical Interest ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
French Language ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Vertical Division ◽  
Definition Of

The article is a study of phonetic-morphological and semantic-stylistic features of argotic vocabulary in contemporary French language. The work is devoted to questions of structural-semantic and phonetic-morphological peculiarities of the argotic vocabulary in printed mass media. The conducted research has shown that the argotic vocabulary can be considered as a special lexical subsystem of spoken language, which is characterized by a steady tendency to penetrate into higher linguistic levels due to its phonetic-morphological and semantic features. The systematization of phonetic and semantic processes in the argotic dictionary is carried out. We have noticed that argot from a linguistic point of view is an expressive lexical subsystem of spoken language, which is characterized by a large expressive potential and rapid changes in vocabulary and penetrates into higher levels of the French language. From the point of view of modern linguistics, the French language can be viewed in vertical and horizontal sections. Horizontal division is caused by the existence of the dialectal partition of the French language. The vertical division is explained by the existence of social groups that use one or another sociolect. Analyzing the evolution of the definition of argot, we can assume that in its development argot passed the long way from the language taboo to the special lexical subsystem of the literary-spoken language. We have noticed that it is important to distinguish argot and spoken language. In spite of the both scientific and practical interest in the spoken language problem and the emergence of numerous studies that led to the creation of colloquialism as a special section of linguistics, a number of aspects of spoken language (approaches to its identification, differentiation of spoken language and related phenomena) remain insufficiently highlighted. The spoken language (vernacular), according to modern linguistic assertions, occupies an intermediate position between the spoken-literary language, dialects and sociolects. We have noticed that the democratization of the norms of the literary language led to the emergence of a literary-colloquial form of spoken language. Such a combination of literary and spoken language is caused by the nature of social development. Key words: argot; slang; French language; dialect; argotheistic vocabulary; non-normative variant elements; semantics; phonetics; morphology; mass media.

scholarly journals Language Impairment in Alzheimer’s Disease—Robust and Explainable Evidence for AD-Related Deterioration of Spontaneous Speech Through Multilingual Machine Learning

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hali Lindsay ◽  
Johannes Tröger ◽  
Alexandra König
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Language Impairment ◽  
Spontaneous Speech ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Equal Distribution ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Picture Description

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a pervasive neurodegenerative disease that affects millions worldwide and is most prominently associated with broad cognitive decline, including language impairment. Picture description tasks are routinely used to monitor language impairment in AD. Due to the high amount of manual resources needed for an in-depth analysis of thereby-produced spontaneous speech, advanced natural language processing (NLP) combined with machine learning (ML) represents a promising opportunity. In this applied research field though, NLP and ML methodology do not necessarily ensure robust clinically actionable insights into cognitive language impairment in AD and additional precautions must be taken to ensure clinical-validity and generalizability of results. In this study, we add generalizability through multilingual feature statistics to computational approaches for the detection of language impairment in AD. We include 154 participants (78 healthy subjects, 76 patients with AD) from two different languages (106 English speaking and 47 French speaking). Each participant completed a picture description task, in addition to a battery of neuropsychological tests. Each response was recorded and manually transcribed. From this, task-specific, semantic, syntactic and paralinguistic features are extracted using NLP resources. Using inferential statistics, we determined language features, excluding task specific features, that are significant in both languages and therefore represent “generalizable” signs for cognitive language impairment in AD. In a second step, we evaluated all features as well as the generalizable ones for English, French and both languages in a binary discrimination ML scenario (AD vs. healthy) using a variety of classifiers. The generalizable language feature set outperforms the all language feature set in English, French and the multilingual scenarios. Semantic features are the most generalizable while paralinguistic features show no overlap between languages. The multilingual model shows an equal distribution of error in both English and French. By leveraging multilingual statistics combined with a theory-driven approach, we identify AD-related language impairment that generalizes beyond a single corpus or language to model language impairment as a clinically-relevant cognitive symptom. We find a primary impairment in semantics in addition to mild syntactic impairment, possibly confounded by additional impaired cognitive functions.

Особенности французской туристической терминологии/ International Journal of Student Research, No. 5(6), 2019/ RELF Group&OEAPS Inc. (Open European Academy of Public Sciences); Chief Editor Elisa Boanini - Lion, France. 26.09.2019: OEAPS Inc., 2019. - PP. 9-18. ISBN: 9781699648872

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Нигина Башировна Тухтасинова
Keyword(s):  
Chief Editor ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
French Language ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
Student Research ◽  
European Academy ◽  
Actual Word

В статье анализируются формальные и семантические особенности французской туристической терминологии. Рассматриваются продуктивные модели ее образования, а также роль, которую играют в ней исконные и заимствованные элементы. Делается вывод о преимущественно аутентичном характере лексики, принадлежащей к данной терминосистеме и отражающей актуальные словообразовательные процессы, происходящие в системе современного французского языка.The article analyzes the formal and semantic features of French tourist terminology. The productive models of its formation are examined, as well as the role that the original and borrowed elements play in it. The conclusion is drawn about the predominantly authentic character of the vocabulary belonging to this term system and reflecting the actual word-formation processes taking place in the system of the modern French language.

DYNAMICS OF LANGUAGE PROCESSES IN BELGIUM

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (101) ◽  
pp. 23-32
Author(s):  
IRINA YE. DENISENKO
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Contextual Analysis ◽  
French Language ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Main Research ◽  
French Speaking ◽  
The Comparative Study

The article reveals the content of the terms “borrowing”, “belgicism”, “regionalism” in the framework of the comparative study of the Belgian version of the French language and the metropolitan French language. The research focuses on the regionalisms in the Belgian version of the French language, which, along with the standard Belgian French, constitute an important part of the vocabulary, have special features in terms of content or expression in comparison with lexis of the metropolitan French language. The author focuses on the contextual analysis of the lexis in the Belgian French and the standard French language in order to identify the lexical and semantic features and dynamics of linguistic processes in the territory of French-speaking Belgium. In the course of the study, dictionaries of regionalisms and belgicisms were used; the main research method is comparative.

scholarly journals Linguistic identity, national archetypes and sociocultural environment of their formation

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 15-27
Author(s):  
Arkadiy P. Sedykh ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Real Life ◽  
French Language ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Linguistic Identity ◽  
Individual Values ◽  
Sociocultural Environment ◽  
Current State ◽  
Russian Identity

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the current state of the categories ―linguistic identity‖ and ―national archetype‖ in correlation with the socio-cultural environment. The national and cultural values of any ethno psychological group are reflected in the language serving a real-life community of people. National archetypes are the semiotic basis of linguistic identity, which is formed within a certain socio-cultural context, an inalienable instance of the psychophysical structure of a person. It is argued that the essential characteristics of the national linguistic identity can be detected already at the level of identifying the semantic features of the language units of the utterance in discoursing. The next steps to reconstruct the linguistic personality are associated with modelling the logical-semantic structure of the utterance, due to the presence of ethnocultural traces at all levels of the subject's discourse behaviour. The discourse behaviour of an individual is the essence of his communicative activity and worldview. It was found that behavioural models, modal and nominative ways of reflecting reality are ethnoculturally determined not only by language, but also by immanent preferences in accordance with the logic, semantics and pragmatics of the communicative act. It is suggested that the verbalization of Russian identity (the magic of Russian vocabulary) is preferably carried out within the framework of contact strategies (direct means of expressing thoughts) and in correlation with the values of the national community, and the intellectual parameters of the French language are implemented in line with distant communication strategies (indirect means expressions of thought) and the priority of individual values. Prospects for the application of the method of reconstructing new knowledge in the mainstream of identifying the dominant features of a national linguistic personality in languages of different structures are outlined.

scholarly journals Dictionaries Faced With a Nomination Conflict. An Analysis of the Semantic Modelling of the integration, insertion, assimilation, inclusion, acculturation, incorporation Paradigm in Two Universal French Language Dictionaries

Kalbotyra ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 221-246
Author(s):  
Maude Vadot
Keyword(s):  
Political Discourse ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Semantic Relations ◽  
French Language ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Semantic Modelling ◽  
Micro Analysis ◽  
The Given

This article aims to conduct a metalexicographical micro-analysis of a paradigm of French lexemes whose uses have raised socio-political issues for several decades: integration, insertion, assimilation, inclusion, even acculturation and incorporation. While many recent publications bring these terms into play as sociological concepts, or study their uses in political discourse, work on the semantic functioning and uses of these lexemes in other discourses is rarer. However, the recurrent nomination conflict that runs through French public policies on immigration shows that the stakes of these usages remain salient. Do French dictionaries make it possible to grasp the ideological issues raised by the competing uses of lexemes? How do they treat and model the abundance of uses of these lexemes? How are paradigmatic competitors related: opposition, contrast, synonymy, hyperonymy, co-hyponymy? What are the salient semantic features retained in the given definitions?The corpus selected for this study is composed of extracts from two generalist French-language dictionaries, the Petit Robert de la langue française and the Trésor de la Langue Française informatisé. I analyse the production of meaning at work by using a grid with four entries. First, I model and analyze the semantic relations established between the terms of the paradigm, relations which structure the paradigm. I then try to identify the semantic features which are similar or different between the lexemes, thus revealing another type of structure in the micro-system. Last, I work on the collocations and the agentive configurations implemented in the definitions and examples composing each article.All these analyses highlight a defining circularity that hinders a contrastive grasp of the lexemes, in a context where important social and political issues are at stake.

French Language and Literature (Including Provençal)

PMLA ◽  
1935 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 1295-1299
Author(s):  
H. Carrington Lancaster
Keyword(s):  
French Language ◽  
Language And Literature

TEM/AEM characterization of fine-grained clay minerals in very-low-grade rocks: Evaluation of contamination by empa involving celadonite family minerals

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 694-695
Author(s):  
Gejing Li ◽  
D. R. Peacor ◽  
D. S. Coombs ◽  
Y. Kawachi
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Volcanic Rocks ◽  
Analytical Electron Microscopy ◽  
Metamorphic Rocks ◽  
New Mineral ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Mineral Aggregates

Recent advances in transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and analytical electron microscopy (AEM) have led to many new insights into the structural and chemical characteristics of very finegrained, optically homogeneous mineral aggregates in sedimentary and very low-grade metamorphic rocks. Chemical compositions obtained by electron microprobe analysis (EMPA) on such materials have been shown by TEM/AEM to result from beam overlap on contaminant phases on a scale below resolution of EMPA, which in turn can lead to errors in interpretation and determination of formation conditions. Here we present an in-depth analysis of the relation between AEM and EMPA data, which leads also to the definition of new mineral phases, and demonstrate the resolution power of AEM relative to EMPA in investigations of very fine-grained mineral aggregates in sedimentary and very low-grade metamorphic rocks.Celadonite, having end-member composition KMgFe3+Si4O10(OH)2, and with minor substitution of Fe2+ for Mg and Al for Fe3+ on octahedral sites, is a fine-grained mica widespread in volcanic rocks and volcaniclastic sediments which have undergone low-temperature alteration in the oceanic crust and in burial metamorphic sequences.

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