scholarly journals ANTROPINĖS NUOSTATŲ TEORIJOS PAGRINDINIAI BRUOŽAI

Psichologija ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 90-101
Author(s):  
D. Nadirashvili ◽  
† Nadirashvili S.
Keyword(s):  
Motor Activity ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Social Values ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Social Attitudes ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Point Scale ◽  
Objective Reality ◽  
The Social

Nuostatos (angl. attitude) sąvoka psichologijoje atsirado siekiant paaiškinti suvokimo iliuzijas. Remdamasis eksperimentiniais tyrimais Dimitrijus Uznadzė (1886–1950) parodė, kad suvokimo iliuzijos nėra būdingos išskirtinai tik motorinės veiklos sričiai. Jos gali reikštis bet kurio modalumo suvokiniuose. Ž. Piažė gruzinų mokslininko tirtą nuostatos reiškinį pavadino Uznadzės efektu ir pritaikė jį savo plėtojamos intelekto raidos teorijos aiškinimui. Socialinė nuostata kaip nešališkos objektyvios tikrovės priedėlis reiškia tam tikrą išankstinį požiūrį į kitus žmones ir visą socialinę aplinką. Nuostatos skiriasi savo turiniu, komponentais ir susidarymo būdais. Socialinių nuostatų analizė grįsta asmens santykių (predispozicijų) su socialinėmis vertybėmis nustatymu. Iš esmės per nuostatas išreiškiamos ir pačios socialinės vertybės, ir atvirkščiai, per socialines vertybes – nuostatos. Nuostatų (ir socialinių vertybių) savumus galima matuoti skaitinėmis skalėmis. Mes savo tyrimų praktikoje naudojame 11 balų skalę. Tokia skale galima matuoti: socialinių vertybių valentingumą (teigiamą-neigiamą nuostatos kontinuumą), valentingumo stiprumą (kaip stipriai išreiškiama teigiama ar neigiama nuostata), palankumo zoną (kokio laipsnio nuostatos asmeniui dar priimtinos), tolerancijos zoną (kokio stiprumo nuostatas asmuo dar gali toleruoti), nuostatos siaurumo-platumo (aštrumo-difuziškumo) kontinuumą (kiek reikia padaryti žingsnelių norint išsiaiškinti, kokį reiškinių ar įvykių ratą nuostata aprėpia). Žmogaus psichinės raidos rezultatas yra sąmoninga, pažintinė ir morali elgsena. Į tokios raidos procesą nuostatos taip pat aktyviai įtrauktos. Aukščiausias žmogaus psichinės raidos apraiškas lemia būtent socialinės nuostatos.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: nuostatos, situacinė, dispozicinė ir sensorinė-motorinė nuostata, palankumo zona, tolerancijos zona.Basic points of the antropic attitude theoryNadirashvili D., † Nadirashvili S. SummaryThe reason for the introduction of the concept of attitude was the explanation of illusory perceptions. On the basis of experimental studies D. Uznadze demonstrated that the illusions of perception are connected not solely to the motor activity sphere. It can appear in every modality of perception. J. Piaget called the phenomenon identified in the above-mentioned method “the Uznadze effect” and used it for the characterization of specific stages of the development of intellect.Social attitude, in addition to the unprejudiced objective reality, implies disposition towards other people, social environment. Attitudes, besides differing by the content and components that are depicted in them, differ from each other by ways of formation.Characterization of social attitudes is performed according to what disposition exists towards the social values expressed through them. Its peculiarities are measured on a number scale. For this purpose we use an 11-point scale. On this scale, attitude is characterized by: valency – positive-negative disposition for social values; valency intensity – how more intensive is attitude valency according to positivity and negativity; the zone of acceptance, which expresses the intensity of attitudes acceptable for a person; the zone of toleration – a zone of the intensity of attitudes, which can be tolerated by a person; sharpness-diffusivity attitude, which shows by how many steps can the attitude of a person be characterized, etc.On the human being level of psyche development, conscious, cognitive, and moral behaviors emerge. Attitudes are actively involved in these processes as well. At the highest level of psyche development, the activity of a human being is determined by social attitudes.Key words: attitude, situational attitude, dispositional attitude, sensory-motorial attitude, zone of acceptance and toleration

scholarly journals DESAFIOS DA PRÁTICA PASTORAL NA CONTEMPORANEIDADE

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
pp. 499
Author(s):  
Eduardo Leandro Alves ◽  
Júlio Cézar Adam
Keyword(s):  
Social Environment ◽  
Practical Theology ◽  
Social Research ◽  
Faith Community ◽  
Human Being ◽  
The Social ◽  
Biblical Principles ◽  
Pastoral Practice ◽  
Pastoral Action

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar fundamentos da ação pastoral, com vistas a compreender que a ação pastoral e a pregação são interdependentes, cuja relevância está intimamente ligada no envolvimento diário com aqueles que estão no “raio de alcance” pastoral. Inicialmente, com o intuito de compreender o ambiente social em questão, utiliza-se o método de etnografia da pesquisa social. Em seguida utiliza-se caminhos propostos pela Teologia Prática identificando princípios bíblicos para a pregação na ação pastoral com vistas a alcançar o objetivo de cuidar do ser humano conforme os ensinos do Evangelho de Jesus.  Busca-se alinhar neste texto a teoria com a prática do pesquisador no pastoreio de uma igreja Pentecostal. Assim, as perspectivas aqui registradas não visam a ser exaustivas ou normativas, mas fazem parte de um recorte no exercício pastoral nessa comunidade de fé.The purpose of this article is to analyse the basis of pastoral action in order to understand that both pastoral action and preaching are mutually dependent. The relevance of pastoral action is related to the daily engagement with those who are within the pastoral scope. Firstly, an ethnographic method of social research is used to properly understand the social environment at issue. Secondly, the paths proposed by Practical Theology were followed. They identify biblical principles for preaching in order to reach the goal of caring for the human being according to the teachings of Jesus. An alignment of the theory with the practice of the researcher as shepherding a Pentecostal church is attempted. Thus, the perspectives showed are not intended to be exhaustive or normative but they are taken from an example of the pastoral practice in that faith community.

scholarly journals How Humanistic Is Positive Psychology? Lessons in Positive Psychology From Carl Rogers' Person-Centered Approach—It's the Social Environment That Must Change

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Positive Psychology ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Personal Growth ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Human Flourishing ◽  
Carl Rogers ◽  
The Social ◽  
Person Centered Approach ◽  
Cross Fertilization

Both positive psychology and the person-centered approach share a common aim to promote human flourishing. In this article I will discuss how the person-centered approach is a form of positive psychology, but positive psychology is not necessarily person-centered. I will show how the person-centered approach offers a distinctive view of human nature that leads the person-centered psychologist to understand that if people are to change, it is not the person that we must try to change but their social environment. Centrally, the paper suggests that respecting the humanistic image of the human being and, consequently, influencing people's social environment to facilitate personal growth would mean a step forward for positive psychology and would promote cross-fertilization between positive psychology and the person-centered approach instead of widening their gap.

scholarly journals The social environment of early ontogenesis and the formation of research behavior in adulthood

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 142-147
Author(s):  
A.Yu. Shishelova ◽  
V.V. Raevsky
Keyword(s):  
Motor Activity ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Central Zone ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Average Speed ◽  
Testing Period ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual

The influence of changes in the social environment in the nest from the 2nd to the 20th day of life on the manifestation of research behavior in adulthood has been studied. The study was performed on Wistar rats. To assess the motor activity used standard indicators of behavior in the “open field”. Analyzed the length of the path, the average speed of movement of the individual, the maximum speed of movement during the testing period, the time spent without visible movement, the number of exits to the central zone. It has been established that intact individuals, brought up together with sensory deprived siblings, change the severity of research behavior. It was revealed that the critical period during which a change in the social environment has a more significant influence on the formation of research behavior is the period from the 9th to the 20th day of life.

scholarly journals Pobreza, Educação e os Direitos Humanos Dentro da Sociedade / Poverty, Education and Human Rights Within Society

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (57) ◽  
pp. 888-895
Author(s):  
Andressa Alberti ◽  
Bruna Becker da Silva ◽  
Renan Souza ◽  
Eliton Marcio Zanoni ◽  
Adriano Alberti
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The Social ◽  
Material Goods

Resumo: A sociedade em meio aos seus vários aspectos norteadores da formação do ser humano, busca responder por meio de vários estudos como melhorar o desenvolvimento do meio social e da vivencia entre os seres humanos. A pobreza não é falta de cultura ou falta de educação, muito menos a falta de bens materiais como muitas pessoas pensam, pois a compreensão dela é muito mais complexa do que isso e é de suma importância a compreensão sobre isso. O presente artigo presente artigo, por meio de uma revisão da literatura, pontua sobre pobreza, educação e os direitos humanos dentro da sociedade. Palavras Chave: Ser Humano, Sociedade, compreensão. Abstract: Society, in the midst of its various aspects that guide the formation of human beings, seeks to respond through various studies on how to improve the development of the social environment and experiences among human beings. Poverty is not lack of culture or lack of education, much less the lack of material goods as many people think, because understanding it is much more complex than that and understanding about it is of paramount importance. The present article in this article, through a literature review, points out about poverty, education and human rights within society. Keywords: Human Being, Society, Understanding.

scholarly journals PSYCHOGENITY OF THE HUMANIZED ENVIRONMENT

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-61
Author(s):  
Sergiy Boltivets
Keyword(s):  
Social Environment ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Human Environment ◽  
Psychological Science ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future

The future of psychological science as we see it depends on our ability to understand the phenomenon of psychogenity of man and of the groups of people in their significance to himself and to every other human being. Psychogenity as we define it, is an ability of the humanized environment to create, reflect, transform, save and expose the constellation of psychic manifestations of the own natural essence of every man as a psychological unity. We consider the humanized environment in the sense broader than that of the social environment as we keep in mind not only the mutual influence of people, but also the fact that human life is mediated by the human environment. The latter is one of the most important components equilibrating human psychogenity, the world exists for man only in its humanized sense.

scholarly journals Foreword

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 00001
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Public Welfare ◽  
Scientific Conference ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
The Social

The focus of the international scientific conference Society. Health. Welfare is on the human being in diverse relations with the contemporary world. The social environment, personal and public health and opportunities of enhancing one's personal and public welfare are mutually related factors. The outcomes of studies addressing these diverse relations are revealed in Volume 2 of the collection of papers of the conference “Society. Health. Welfare 2016”. The collection consists of 44 papers written by authors from Latvia, Lithuania, Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Russia.

scholarly journals Social determinants of health and survival in humans and other animals

Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 368 (6493) ◽  
pp. eaax9553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noah Snyder-Mackler ◽  
Joseph Robert Burger ◽  
Lauren Gaydosh ◽  
Daniel W. Belsky ◽  
Grace A. Noppert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Environment ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Animal Physiology ◽  
Darwinian Fitness ◽  
Species Analysis ◽  
The Social ◽  
Health And Mortality

The social environment, both in early life and adulthood, is one of the strongest predictors of morbidity and mortality risk in humans. Evidence from long-term studies of other social mammals indicates that this relationship is similar across many species. In addition, experimental studies show that social interactions can causally alter animal physiology, disease risk, and life span itself. These findings highlight the importance of the social environment to health and mortality as well as Darwinian fitness—outcomes of interest to social scientists and biologists alike. They thus emphasize the utility of cross-species analysis for understanding the predictors of, and mechanisms underlying, social gradients in health.

scholarly journals BEHAVIOR OF MICRO ENTREPRENEURS JOMBANG AGAINST COST REDUCTION: RELIGIOUS AND SOCIAL VALUE

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 229
Author(s):  
Linda A Razak ◽  
Muhammad Yamin ◽  
Arzalsyah Arzalsyah
Keyword(s):  
Social Environment ◽  
Cost Reduction ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Customer Relations ◽  
Social Values ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Social Value ◽  
Business Continuity ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
The Social

Behavior of Micro Entrepreneurs Jombang Against Cost Reduction: Religious and Social Value. This research tries to reveal the meaning of cost reduction in the perspective of micro entrepreneurs Jombang. Research method using phenomenology, that is by finding that micro entrepreneurs Jombang interpret cost reduction as a side of cost savings to maintain existence by considering the customer aspects and values of religious religiosity in doing business, and interpret the social values in maintaining customer relations and social environment. This is found when they realize that not all content expenditure as a cost, but the existence of business continuity and religiosity owned make them realize that in the distribution of sustenance all there is to manage

scholarly journals Twórczość Innego – nowa wartość w sztuce i w społeczeństwie?

2018 ◽  
pp. 163-183
Author(s):  
Edyta Nieduziak
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Social Values ◽  
Early Time ◽  
The Other ◽  
Basic Question ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Social ◽  
Art Brut ◽  
The World

This article deals with the issues of creativity of people with disabilities and their social values. The starting point is the category of Another as saturated with pejorative meanings – in a social but positive context in the study of creativity. The combination of these contradictory approaches is reflected in the art brut, represented by artists with mental incompetence. Their creativity dictated by internal compulsion is presented as the work of marginalized people. The social context, as well as the type of disability that determines the way in which this art is treated: from the rejection of, for example, the early time of Nikifor's works, to the complete recognition of, for example, F. Kahlo's painting. The basic question, however, comes down to the question of the value of this art for man. Referring to the philosophy of E. Levinas, the author seeks to show that despite the assumption of the unknowability of another human being, the greatest value of the Other art is the ability to experience, to see though a fragment of the world of artists determined by the disability.

scholarly journals GENDER VIOLENCE AS A POSSIBLE OBJECT OF SOCIALIZATION FOR BOTH SEXES

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 158-161
Author(s):  
Hermína Mareková
Keyword(s):  
Social Environment ◽  
Basic Concept ◽  
Social Values ◽  
Gender Socialization ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Gender Violence ◽  
The Social ◽  
Adult World ◽  
Negative Sense ◽  
At Home

There are countless theories and models of socialization. All of these theories agree on one thing: it is a process, during which people pass on and absorb social values and norms, including the norms that apply to gender. Socialization is not a one-way process, in which our children acquire information from our “adult” world. It is rather a two-way process. Children socialize with each other in everyday interactions – both at home and away from home. In the theories of socialization at school, from the point of view of interaction, the focus is on the microsocial area, i.e the interaction between subjects. The basic concept of all interactions is therefore communication between the subjects. The individuals have a common set of symbols – speech – at their disposal and are confronted with the expectation of a stabilized behavior. The occurrence of violence in the child's family and in the social environment has significant socializing and educational effects, in a negative sense.

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