scholarly journals Dialect Dictionary as a Source of Texts of Ethnic Knowledge

2021 ◽  
pp. 201-215
Author(s):  
Vilija Ragaišienė

The article examines the specifics of the preparation of dialect dictionaries – the goal and purpose, the principles of material selection and presentation. The research carried out shows that a comprehensive dialect dictionary must present the totality of words used in a dialect and reflect the most important distinguishing features of the dialect – phonetic, accentual, morphological, syntactic, semantic and stylistic fields of data. Therefore, when collecting material for a future dictionary, it is necessary to take into account three important things: 1) method of data collection, 2) themes of oral and written texts, 3) principles of compiling a database.Properly selected illustrative sentences of a comprehensive dialectal dictionary are meant to reveal the so-called microstructure of a dictionary entry, and show a broader structure of the concepts researched than demonstrated in the lexicographic definition of words.A dialect dictionary is a cultural and historical phenomenon that records the level and peculiarities of the knowledge of the world of an ethnic group at a certain period of time. Texts reveals people’s ethnic values, their attitudes towards social and religious relationships, everyday phenomena, etc. Therefore, a comprehensive dialect dictionary is to be considered as a multi-layered text of ethnic knowledge, revealing the heritage of material and spiritual culture passed down from generation to generation by a particular ethnic group. A dictionary like this regulates the most important areas of man’s life: establishes the rules of behaviour and etiquette, describes customs, provides knowledge about folk remedies and economic activities, explains world phenomena, provides fragments of mythical worldviews and so forth.

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. V. Schneider

The article summarizes the main approaches in the definition of business valuation the economic entity. In the process of business valuation, taking into account the risks of financial and economic activities necessary to obtain information on what stage the owner implements the business will receive income. The most difficult task is the impossibility of accurate prediction in determining the level of income and the determination of a discount rate capitalization of future incomes due to the instability of the economy, both in the country and around the world.


Author(s):  
Deniz Ozcan ◽  
Meliha Kocamanoglu

Today special education has been developing all over the world as it is in our country and renews itself with new method and techniques. In my opinion an errorless person has never worked or has worked little. In this study after document scanning aiming data collection, a short definition of gifted and autistic children was done as well as their characteristics were given. The problems encountered in defining and diagnosing, persuasion dimension of parents regarding this subject with its similar and different aspects were shortly mentioned. Again in this study teaching methods of these children and the points to consider were mentioned without ruling out any point.  The study was finished by giving results and discussion sections.Keywords: gifted, autism, diagnosing of gifted ones


2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 165
Author(s):  
Leonardo Alberto Montaño Salas

“Wachuküa müsüka sain wanée a’laülaa joyotüsü spünalu’u ka’i katspüla skujainjatüin sukuwa ipa sumüin wachonyuu ée antüin skal’uu ka’kat”(Texto en “wayuunaiki”…idioma Wayúu)[La tradición es como una anciana que sentada en el camino de los días cuenta a las jóvenes generaciones las experiencias que ella ha vivido.]“Los Wayúu son gente de arena, sol y viento, llevan adentro la moral del desierto, han resistido durante siglos en la península de la Guajira, son grandes artesanos, y comerciantes, luchadores incansables por sus derechos históricos, que han sido muy violentados por la discriminación y el racismo”.Investigar en el mundo mágico y cosmogónico de una etnia ancestral es adentrarse en un espacio lleno de sabiduría e importantes conocimientos, lo cual no permite que el estudio del ceremonial y el protocolo escape a ello. La etnia indígena WAYÙU, ubicada en el espacio geográfico de territorio de 15.300 km2 dentro del departamento de la Guajira, Colombia, y 12.000 km2 dentro del estado Zulia, Venezuela, es un ejemplo importante de la necesidad de buscar en nuestras raíces interrogantes que a simple vista no pareciera tener respuesta. Porque hablamos de ceremonial y protocolo en las Ceremonias ancestrales y tradicionales de la etnia Wayúu? porque todo grupo humano antropológicamente ha demostrado que sus raíces provienen de MITOS, los cuales se transformaron y escenificaron en RITOS, estos evolucionaron a RITUALES que se convirtieron en CEREMONIAS, que con el paso del tiempo se estructuraron en CEREMONIALES y que fueron estructurados y normados como base de lo que hoy denominamos PROTOCOLO. De esta forma logramos llegar a la raíz primigenia del entendimiento antropológico y científico de nuestro conocimiento protocolar.La etnia Wayuu descendiente de los Arawak, presenta casi inalterablemente una serie de ceremonias ancestrales que basados en su estructura social matrilineal (podemos definir el matrilinaje Wayúu como un grupo de descendencia unilineal genealógicamente definido. Estos linajes tienen como elemento común los nexos de consanguinidad, ya que todos los individuos de cada grupo se identifican como descendientes de los mismos antepasados por línea femenina) y sin haber sufrido modificaciones estructurales importantes a través de los años, nos da una visión muy acertada de cómo podemos tras polar sus ceremonias a nuestro saber académico del protocolo actual. La estructura ceremonial de esta etnia se centra en tres hechos sociales específicos, la pubertad, la unión de pareja y en la muerte. Conoceremos como hay un eje central y conductor de estas ceremonias y cuáles son las figuras más relevantes en ella. Descubrir que, aunque no existe de manera formal el uso de términos “protocolares” la acción protocolar en si misma se realiza, como el uso de la precedencia, la etiqueta, el ente organizador, etc.___________________“Wachuküa müsüka sain wanée a’laülaa joyotüsü spünalu’u ka’i katspüla skujainjatüin sukuwa ipa sumüin wachonyuu ée antüin skal’uu ka’kat”(Text in "wayuunaiki”... language Wayúu)[The tradition is like an old woman sitting in the road that has to the younger generations the experiences that she has lived].Them Wayuu are people of sand, Sun and wind, carry in the moral of the desert, have resisted during centuries in the peninsula of the Guajira, are large craftsmen, and merchants, fighters tireless by their rights historical, that have been very violated by the discrimination and the racism.Investigate in the World Magic and cosmogonic of an ethnic ancestral is enter is in a space full of wisdom and important knowledge, which not allows that the study of the ceremonial and the Protocol escape to this. The ethnic indigenous WAYUU, located in the space geographical of territory of 15,300 km2 within the Department of the Guajira, Colombia, and 12,000 km2 within the State Zulia, Venezuela, is an example important of the need of search in our estate questions that to simple view not seems have response. Because talk of ceremonial and Protocol in the ceremonies ancestral and traditional of the ethnic Wayuu? because all group human anthropologically has shown that their estate come of myths, which are transformed and staged in rites, these evolved to RITUAL that is developed in ceremonies, that with the step of the time is structured in CEREMONIAL and that were structured and regulated as base of what today call Protocol. In this way we were able to reach the primordial root of anthropological and scientific understanding of our knowledge Protocol. The Wayuu descendant of the Arawak ethnicity, almost relentlessly presents a series of ancient ceremonies based on matrilineal social structure (we can define the genealogically defined matrilineality Wayuu as a group of unilineal descent. These lineages have common element the ties of consanguinity, since all individuals in each group identify themselves as descendants of the same ancestors by female line) and without having undergone significant structural changes over the years, gives us a very successful vision of how we can after polar ceremonies to our academic knowledge of the current Protocol. The ceremonial structure of this ethnic group focuses on three specific social facts, puberty, the union of couple and in death. We know as a conductor and central axis of these ceremonies and what are the most important figures in it. Discover that, even if it does not exist in a formal way the use of terms "Protocol" action Protocol if same occurs, as the use of precedence, label, the organizing entity, etc.KEYWORDS: Protocol, Ceremonial, Ethnicity, Cosmogony, Rites


2005 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-124
Author(s):  
Kim Arne Pedersen

Grundtvig og fundamentalismen[Grundtvig and fundamentalism]By Kim Arne PedersenThe chosen starting-point is Ole Vind’s perception of Gr as a Biblefundamentalist. Vind constructs a concept of fundamentalism along idea-historical lines and focuses on what he perceives to be Gr’s literal reading of, especially, the Old Testament; but he also emphasises that for Gr the Scriptures were directly inspired by God.Through the introduction of a theological-historical and secularhistorical definition of the concept of fundamentalism, Gr’s relationship to the Bible is examined with the aim of mounting a critique of Vind’s interpretation. Gr’s view of the Bible in the period 1810-11 to 1824-25 is characterised against the background of that struggle with himself which his conversion in 1810 entailed, and with the introduction of the theological-historical definition of fundamentalism.This finds its starting-point in fundamentalism as a concrete historical phenomenon in the USA at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century. It is distinguished by the resolution of traditional Christianity into five dogmatic points, including the dogma of verbalinspiration (every word in the Holy Scriptures is divinely dictated), to which is added the individual Christian’s personal inner experience with its basis in conversion.With this as background, Gr may be called fundamentalist in the period 1810 to 1824-25, since Gr (1) has been through a more or less pietistic conversion, (2) rejects a historical-critical approach to the Bible, (3) holds firm to verbal-inspiration, (4) rejects a modem interpretation of Christianity, (5) holds firm to traditional Christianity against the rationalists and would certainly have been able to subscribe to the fundamentalists’ five points, (6) rejects a scientific explanation of the world, and (7) believes that a form of scientific alternative to the world-picture of the natural sciences can be worked out on a Biblical basis. However, the theological-historical definition of fundamentalism needs to be supplemented by a secular-historical determination of the concept. Here a link is made with Uffe Østergaard’s demonstration of the significance of the art of printing in the Reformation as a prerequisite of fundamentalism, in that verbal-inspiration is thus placed centre-stage. Østergaard’s point is that fundamentalism is not only a reaction against modernisation, but is itself a modem phenomenon, and here he focuses upon the fundamentalists’ insistence upon a direct access to Scripture independently of religious tradition’s mediating influence. Here Østergaard’s observations are supplemented by the viewpoint that the revivalist movements of the 18th and 19th centuries are the foundation of fundamentalism; and the German concept-historical school’s concept of modernity is introduced, supplemented by Habermas’s Kant-inspired determination of subjectivity as the core of modernity, and of secularisation as a consequence of the differentiation of spheres of validity it entails.Finally, it is proposed that fundamentalism in a secular-historical sense must be seen as a consequence of secularisation as an historical phenomenon, affected by industrialisation and the dominance of the natural sciences after 1850. Thus fundamentalists belong in the period after 1850 as the second phase of modernisation, and they seek to direct society back to an idealised golden age.The core of the theological-historical definition of fundamentalism is the conflict between traditional religion and a modem interpretation of it; the core of the secular-historical definition is the conflict between modernisation/secularisation and a religious reaction against this, which desires the whole of society or a state within the state free of secularisation.After Gr’s struggle with aspects of his understanding of Christianity in 1824-25 his view of the Bible becomes freer and he breaks explicitly with the dogma of verbal-inspiration. However, Gr’s location in time itself, and his complex attitude towards modernity is of more importance. (1) Gr can hardly be lumped together with that group of modem intellectuals, people with education, who are related to industrial and post-industrial society and who are going through a fundamentalist conversion. Grundtvig belongs in another age, in modernity’s first phase from 1750 to 1850 - and his concept of modernity can be extrapolated from analyses of his complex attitude towards Kant’s concept of autonomy. The facts that (2) between 1811 and 1824 he is an adherent of verbal-inspiration, and (3) in his battle with Enlightenment theology (and in that connection with the ecclesiastical authorities) he turns against the traditional theological teaching institutions, and (4) he wishes to reform theology, are not sufficient grounds for characterising him as a fundamentalist, for Gr (5) does not want, as do the fundamentalists, a return to an idealized golden age. In Gr’s notion of the sequence of national congregations, and the fact that the one succeeds to the other, lies hidden a historical mentality stamped with the idea that the different congregations embody different characteristics. To conceptualise change is modem, and in that sense Gr is stamped with modernity. (7) Ultimately, Gr does not seek to stifle the scientific attempt to clarify the Bible and the world independently of a literal reading of the Old Testament. This Vind overlooks, when he alleges that even after 1825 Gr can be called a fundamentalist.The decisive characteristic which divides Gr from fundamentalism is really not his break with Bible-Christianity in 1823, 1824 and 1825, nor his related rejection of verbal-inspiration, but rather the opening of his mind in relation to the naturalists, and therewith the theologicallyorientated foundation of this opening upon two central concepts: his educational idea - that is, the separation between church and school - and his idea of freedom. The educational concept and the concept of freedom are indissolubly bound together, and Gr’s thematising of freedom in respect of things scientific is tied up with his consciousness of modernity.


2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Thung Ju Lan

<p>The issue of heterogeneity of Chinese Indonesians is often seen as something simple, because the general view tends to focus on traditional categorization such as race/ethnic group, religion and occupation. In fact, the development of the society which was supported by technological development has produced the variable of ‘class’ and global influences that diversify various social and economic activities so that the world of business and life within the ‘local’ and/or ‘national’ realms as a whole becomes very complex. As a result, the heterogeneity of Chinese Indonesians should be seen, not only through traditional categorization, but also according to the political history of Indonesian nation-state, the dynamics of relations between China, as the country of origin, and Indonesia as the country of settlement, the scattering of Chinese in Indonesian territory that consists of a number of big and small islands, as well as the Chinese individual’s perspective on how the Chinese should be located in the Indonesian society.</p>


Sains Insani ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
Ira Meilita Ibrahim ◽  
Taufik A. Latif ◽  
Afi Roshezry Abu Bakar ◽  
Muthualagan Thangavelu

The advancement of European dress to the rest of the world was linked to the definition of civilization as “a stage of social development considered to be more advanced” and “polite and good-mannered”. The widespread of their fashion style in the 19th and 20th centuries influenced the way the rest of the world attire. The fashion trend and dressing style thus change the purpose of dressing through time. The dressing style in campuses especially in private institutions of higher learning is under particular scrutiny, as it is often said to be inappropriate for a learning environment. This study looked at the importance of moral education, and its role in implementing the dress code for students among university students especially between two types of university i.e. public university and private university. It looked on the dressing style of students, both male and female, and the factors that lead to their dressing pattern which is common among students. This study also advocated the students’ understanding of the content of dress codes in their learning institution and the role played by moral education in regard to dress code. The overall study highlighted students’ perception towards the implementation of the dress code and punishment in their learning institution. The methodologies used to carry out this study are questionnaires and interviews. This study will therefore ascertain the important of dress code among students at higher learning institution and the role of moral education in cultivating values in order to dress properly or decently. Key Words: moral education, dress code, higher learning institution, civilization.


Author(s):  
Dea Sinta Maharani ◽  
Otang Kurniaman

Linguistic intelligence is one of eight multiple intelligences that currently attracts attention in the world of education. Linguistic intelligence is a person's ability to speak both verbally and in writing, besides that people who have linguistic intelligence also master the components of linguistic intelligence which consists of phonology, syntax, semantics and pragmatics. The type of research used is research and development (R & D) with a 4D model. The subjects in this study were experts as validators, fifth grade students for trials and homeroom teachers in elementary schools. Data collection is done by giving a questionnaire to the validator. In this study the researchers concluded that the product of the developed linguistic intelligence assessment instrument was declared feasible to be used based on the results of validation of 86% with very feasible categories. The obstacle in developing the product of this instrument of linguistic intelligence assessment is the lack of knowledge of the school about the importance of linguistic intelligence for students in elementary schools. 


2018 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 85-98
Author(s):  
Bojan Kostadinov ◽  
Mile Jovanov ◽  
Emil STANKOV

Data collection and machine learning are changing the world. Whether it is medicine, sports or education, companies and institutions are investing a lot of time and money in systems that gather, process and analyse data. Likewise, to improve competitiveness, a lot of countries are making changes to their educational policy by supporting STEM disciplines. Therefore, it’s important to put effort into using various data sources to help students succeed in STEM. In this paper, we present a platform that can analyse student’s activity on various contest and e-learning systems, combine and process the data, and then present it in various ways that are easy to understand. This in turn enables teachers and organizers to recognize talented and hardworking students, identify issues, and/or motivate students to practice and work on areas where they’re weaker.


2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena N. Mokshina ◽  
Mihail I. Svyatkin

Introduction. The article deals with the main traditional outbuildings of the Mordvinians, reported on their functional purpose in economic activity. The forms and types of outbuildings, as well as the main building materials used by Mordvinians are described in details. Their significance in the religious and ceremonial life of the ethnic group is shown. Materials and Methods. The research is based on traditional methods of ethnographic science, such as field observation, survey and interviews, and a comprehensive approach. Among the methods of historical science comparative-historical, historical-genetic, problem-chronological, structural-system were used. Among the general scientific methods of research logical, descriptive, narrative, generalization, classification and systematization were involved. To achieve the results of the study, the materials collected by the authors in the course of field surveys conducted in the Mordovian villages were mainly used. Results and Discussion. Traditional outbuildings were of great importance in the economic activity of the Mordovian ethnic group. According to their functional purpose, they can be divided into the following groups: for livestock and poultry (stable, chicken coop, stable, kalda), sanitary and hygienic (bath), warehouse buildings for storage of food, utensils, firewood, animal feed (barn, cellar, woodshed, hayloft), for processing of grain (sheep, riga, mill). Depending on the welfare and financial capacity of the family, the number of outbuildings was different. As a rule, the wealthier families had more outbuildings than the less wealthier ones. The main building material for the construction of these buildings was wood. Conclusion. Thus, the traditional outbuildings of the Mordvinians occupied an important place in its economic activities. At the same time, each of them had its own purpose and performed certain functions. Some buildings, such as a bath and a barn, had not only economic purpose, but also were the venue for a number of prayers and ceremonies. It is now ordinarily they have banya (bath-house), outdoor courtyard with standing in different places sheds, barn and cellar.


2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-248
Author(s):  
Asep Saepul Malik

Kegiatan dakwah ialah suatu aktivitas yang mendorong umat manusia untuk memperkuat keyakinannya kepada Allah SWT dan agar umat yang belum memeluk ajaran Islam juga dapat memeluk ajaran agama Islam dengan menggunakan cara yang bijaksana melalui materi ajaran syariat Islam, supaya mereka mendapatkan kebahagiaan di dunia dan di akhirat. Pengajian pasaran kitab al-Hikam ialah suatu kegiatan dakwah yang di pimpin langsung oleh sesepuh pondok pesantren azzayniyyah ialah KH. Aang Abdullah Zein. Pengajian kitab al-Hikam ini di dalamnya membahas tentang permasalahan kehidupan manusia seperti masalah hati (qolbu), akhlak, iman, dan Islam. Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah untuk mengetahui penyampayan dakwah melalui pengajian pasaran kitab al-Hikam di pondok pesantren azzayniyyah dan untuk mengetahui pesan-pesan dakwah yang ada di dalam kitab al-Hikam. Landasan teori yang digunakan ialah teori M. Munir tentang dakwah bil-Lisan al-Hal. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan deskriptif, ialah dengan menggambarkan keadaan sebenarnya melalui pengumpulan data yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik wawancara, dokumentasi, dan kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa dakwah melalui pengajian pasaran kitab al-Hikam yang di lakukan oleh KH. Aang Abdullah Zein di anggap cukup berhasil, karena jamaah memberikan respon yang baik atau positif dan jamaah yang hadir setiap bulan slalu meningkat atau lebih banyak.Da'wah activity is an activity that encourages mankind to strengthen his belief in Allah SWT and so that people who have not embraced the teachings of Islam can also embrace the teachings of Islam by using a wise way through Islamic teaching material, so that they get happiness in the world and the hereafter. Study of the market of the book al-Hikam is a missionary activity led directly by the azzayniyyah boarding school elders is KH. Aang Abdullah Zein. This study of al-Hikam in it discusses the problems of human life such as the problem of the heart (qolbu), morals, faith, and Islam.  Thep of this study is to determine the delivery of da'wah through the study of the market of the book al-Hikam in azzayniyyah boarding school and to find out the messages of da'wah in the book of al-Hikam. The cornerstone of the theory used is M. Munir's theory about the da'wah bil-Lisan al-Hal. This research method uses descriptive, is to describe the actual situation through data collection conducted using interview techniques, documentation, and literature. The results of this study indicate that preaching through the study of the book market al-Hikam conducted by KH. Aang Abdullah Zein was considered quite successful, because worshipers gave good or positive responses and worshipers who were present every month always increased or more.


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