Influence of submarine sewage outfall in the sediment quality of São Sebastião channel (São paulo, br) through foraminiferal assemblages

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-30
Author(s):  
Patrícia PB Eichler
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Quality ◽  
Urban Sewage ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Foraminiferal Species ◽  
Central Regions ◽  
High Dynamic ◽  
Marine Currents ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Autumn And Winter

Benthic foraminifera are used as environmental bio-indicators, especially in polluted environments where their sensitivity to pollutants may be expressed by alterations of the assemblages. Eighty-one sediment samples were collected in nine sampling trips in spring and summer (October/98, January/99, November/00, November/01) and in autumn and winter (May/99, May/00, May/01, August/99 and July/02) in the São Sebastião Channel for the study of foraminiferal assemblages. This work is related to the monitoring of a submarine outfall, considering that it is subjected to oceanographic variations and anthropic influences. We intend to determine the quality of the interface sediment-water in the TEBAR (Almirante Barroso Maritime terminal, PETROBRÁS) through foraminiferal species indicator of vulnerable environments. Results show the large number of living organisms, young and adults reveal that water circulation and dynamics favor the establishment and development of well-oxygenated foraminiferal species explaining the absence of eutrophication caused by TEBAR and the urban sewage of São Sebastião and Ilhabela. However, the low number of species recorded along the São Sebastião channel is not normal for inner shelf. The number of species in the Channel is comparable to estuarine environments where freshwater limits the distribution of organisms. This low number of species could be attributed to some of the condition that results from the effects of various sources of contamination in the Channel, such as sewage from cities, harbor, TEBAR, primary surface runoff, hydrocarbon spills among others dividing the environment in two groups. The opportunist tolerant group: Ammonia spp., Buliminella elegantissima, Bulimina marginata, Bolivina striatula and Fursenkoina pontoni, proliferate where high organic matter indicates terrestrial contribution, anaerobic environments in the central regions of the Channel and should be used as bio-indicator of pollution. The second more oxygenated tolerant group includes Quinqueloculina spp., Elphidium poeyanum, Hanzawaia spp., Discorbis williamsoni, Discorbis floridana, Pyrgo sp., Cassidulina minuta, Cassidulina subglobosa and Pararotalia cananeiaensis, indicative of well-oxygenated environments, high dynamic currents in the region, and penetration of marine currents in the channel.

Sewers and the Quality of Canals and Ditches in Amsterdam

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 61-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Jacobs ◽  
J. W. van Sluis
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Sediment Quality ◽  
Water System ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Sewer System ◽  
Water And Sediment ◽  
Combined Sewer ◽  
Water And Sediment Quality

The surface water system of Amsterdam is very complicated. Of two characteristic types of water systems the influences on water and sediment quality are investigated. The importance of the sewer output to the total loads is different for both water systems. In a polder the load from the sewers is much more important than in the canal basin. Measures to reduce the emission from the sewers are much more effective in a polder. The effect of these measures on sediment quality is more than the effect on water quality. Some differences between a combined sewer system and a separate sewer system can be found in sediment quality.

Application of membrane technology in the pretreatment of cheese dairies wastes and co-treatment in a municipal conventional biological unit

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 361-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleftheria Papachristou ◽  
Costas T. Lafazanis
Keyword(s):  
Cheese Whey ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Membrane Technology ◽  
Biological Unit ◽  
Urban Sewage ◽  
Dairy Wastes ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Quality Of Milk ◽  
Cheese Production

A great number of cheese dairies and dairy industries in Greece are disposing their wastes, mainly cheese whey, either on land or in surface receivers, in large quantities creating a major environmental problem. A typical agricultural and pastoral provincial town of 70,000 inhabitants, Trikala, became the starting point of this research. A co-treatment of the urban sewage and the dairy wastes in the municipal treatment plant was recommended. The successful application of the above statement is based primarily on the pretreatment of the cheese dairies wastes. So far for cheese whey the recovery of the lactose serum in the contemporary central unit applying membrane technology has been suggested. As far as the wastewaters of the washing and refrigeration are concerned a pretreatment is required for the defatting in a grease trap, the grating, the adjustment of pH and the equalisation in an appropriate tank. Finally, this research has also focussed on the importance of membrane technology in improving the quality of milk and cheese production.

scholarly journals A STUDY TO ACCESS THE PHYSIO-CHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF WATER QUALITY OF SELECTED PONDS FROM THREE DISTRICTS OF TAMIL NADU, INDIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamalasan Prathap- Mathan ◽  
Joseph Babila- Jasmine ◽  
Muthukumar Thilagavathi
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Chemical Examination ◽  
Physiochemical Parameters ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Water is the most abundant and non-renewable resource in the earth, which play an important role in all living organisms. A study on physiochemical parameters of Manur, Vallanadu and Sundarapandiapatinam ponds from Tirunelveli, Thootukudi and Ramanathapuram districts of Tamil Nadu, India, has addressed the seasonal changes. During the month of January to April samples from Manur was chemically portable, Vallanadu sample was physically portable, Sundarapandiapatinam samples were physically and chemically not portable. During the month of May to August Vallanadu and Manur samples were portable by its physical and chemical examination, Sundarapandiapatinam samples were non portable by its physiochemical property. September to December the samples from all the three ponds were non portable because of exceeding the permissible limit. All the samples were bacteriologically unsafe in nature because of its microbial contamination. This implies the water bodies are not fit for domestic and drinking purpose, thus proper management has to be done by the society and implement government guidelines to save the natural resources from manmade activities.

scholarly journals Application of Vermicompost Fertilizer in Aquaculture Nutrition: Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonnia Nzilani Musyoka ◽  
Rita Nairuti
Keyword(s):  
Primary Productivity ◽  
Sediment Quality ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Fish Feeds ◽  
Fish Gut ◽  
Nutrition Review ◽  
Intensive Aquaculture

Semi-intensive aquaculture using ponds is among the most common practices of fish production, whose output depends highly on the ponds’ natural primary productivity. With the increased sustainability and health concerns with artificial fish feeds and chemical fertilizers, organic manure has been credited as a cheap, safe and sustainable alternative source of aquaculture nutrition. Apart from supplying nutrients to the phytoplankton, organic manures supply food directly to zooplankton and fish, provide substrate for microbes and improve water and pond sediment quality. Vermicompost fertilizer (excrete of earthworms) has been recognized as a potential pond fertilizer because it has superior nutritional quality (of up to five times), contains microbes, and is in ready-for-uptake form. Besides, the vermicompost contains humic acid, which has antibiotic properties, and promotes fish gut health, stress management, and immune systems. Nonetheless, the application of vermicompost fertilizer in aquaculture is still not a common practice. Therefore, this study reviews the concept of vermiculture vis-à-vis pond fertilization and the various utilizations of the vermicompost in fish farming. This is to enable fish farmers to make an informed decision on identifying and selecting proper biofertilizer, which can increase yields and cut costs of production, thus maximizing profits and improving resource utilization.

scholarly journals Distribution characteristics and potential risk assessment of heavy metals in seawater and sediment of Liaodong Bay

2020 ◽  
Vol 206 ◽  
pp. 02004
Author(s):  
Nianting Si ◽  
Liang Qu
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Sediment Quality ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
National Guideline ◽  
Liaodong Bay ◽  
Guideline Values ◽  
Contaminant Metals ◽  
Ecological Risk Analysis

Distribution of heavy metals (Hg, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd and Cr) in the seawater and sediments were studied based on data from two oceanographic surveys carried out in Liaodong Bay in May and October 2016. The results showed that the values of heavy metals in seawater represent a uniform distribution, while no trends were detected for spatial distribution. High values of heavy metals in sediment were generally distributed nearshore areas in October. Concentrations of Pb, Zn, Hg in seawater were higher than the national guideline values of Mar. sediment quality of China. Values of Cu, Zn, Cd and Hg were higher than the national guideline values of Mar. sediment quality of China in October, while quality was in good condition in May. Correlation analysis showed that TOC was mainly contributed for the variations of heavy metals. The potential ecological risk analysis of heavy metals indicates that Hg, Cd and Cu should be listed as the priority contaminant metals in Liaodong Bay.

scholarly journals Assessment of Water Quality of Blue Nile River in Sudan

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Rasha Babiker Gurashi Abu Sabah ◽  
Abubaker Haroun Mohamed Adam ◽  
Dawoud Mohamed Ali
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Nile River ◽  
Blue Nile ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
The World ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Health Organization

The objectives of this study were to quantify the fresh water quality of Blue Nile River before processing, identify the pollutants, and to determine the most polluted areas, and their impacts on living organisms as well as the surrounding environment. Thus, random water samples were collected and analyzed at the laboratory of the Ministry of Irrigation and Water Resources, Ground water and Wadis Directorates - Khartoum. The outcomes were compared with the World Health Organization standardization. The results revealed variations in the concentration of the studied elements taken from the different locations. But, the results indicated that the water quality is good, and it is within the permissible water use. However, further study is recommended to include seasonal variation as well as the biological analysis.

scholarly journals POLLUTION EFFECTS ON THE ENVIRONMENT, MACROPHYTES AND FISHES IN THE SAPUCAIA STREAM, GUAiBA HYDROGRAPHIC BASIN, RS, BRAZIL

2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 27-43
Author(s):  
Tania R. Prochnow ◽  
Bernardo Liberman ◽  
Nadia T. S. Pfeifer ◽  
Marilene G. Porawski ◽  
Norma Marroni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metal Accumulation ◽  
Sediment Quality ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Pollution Effects ◽  
Hydrographic Basin ◽  
Water And Sediment ◽  
Water And Sediment Quality

This paper shows the results of air, water and sediment quality of Sapucaia stream, which belongs to Guafba Hydrographic Basin, in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil. The correlations among the concentrations of Al, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn, present in the atmosphere, water and sediments, and their bioaccumulation in macrophytes are determined. Different degrees of pollution is characterized through the study of oxidative damage in fishes. The results indicate metal accumulation in macrophytes and fishes.

scholarly journals Seasonal content of heavy metals in the "soil–feed–milk–manure" system in horse husbandry in Kazakhstan

2021 ◽  
pp. 2947-2956
Author(s):  
Nazym Kozhanova ◽  
Nurzhan Sarsembayeva ◽  
Bozena Lozowicka ◽  
Zhassulan Kozhanov
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Mixed Feed ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Horse Manure ◽  
Environmentally Safe ◽  
Living Organisms

Background and Aim: The quality of food, especially animal-based food, is crucial for human health. However, the quality of milk and other animal products has become an acute cause for concern in Kazakhstan . Technogenic dispersion of heavy metals (HMs) causes adverse effects on living organisms and creates unfavorable conditions for the existence of humans, animals, and plants. The purpose of this study was to analyze the content of several HMs in samples of soil, horse feed (hay, mixed feed, and bran), mare's milk, and manure to assess bioaccumulation and possible adverse effects on the bodies of horses. An additional purpose was to identify areas with acceptable conditions for obtaining environmentally safe horse breeding products in the agricultural zones of the Almaty region, Kazakhstan. Materials and Methods: Samples were obtained from two farms in the Almaty region in 2020 (spring, summer, and autumn). In total, 72 soil samples were analyzed, which were taken from the upper humus horizon to the depth of the arable layer. Eighty-six samples were taken from the feed of horses. Green feed was represented by perennial and annual grasses (alsike clover, Medicago sativa, sweet yellow clover, as well as pea and oat mix). Barley and wheat bran stored in the warehouses of the farm were sampled for the research as feed supplements. The mixed feed comprised components such as maize and sunflower. In addition, 46 samples of mare's milk and 28 samples of horse manure were collected. The HM analysis was performed in the laboratory of the Kazakh-Japanese Innovation Center. The residual amounts of HMs were determined using an absorption spectrometer with a voltammetric analyzer. The content of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), and arsenic (As) in all the studied samples of soil, feed, mare's milk, and manure did not exceed the threshold limit values (TLVs), suggesting that the intake of these toxic elements into the human body with food was low. Results: The average Cd concentration was in the range of 0.29-0.31 mg/kg in soil samples and in the range of 0.20-0.27 mg/kg in feed samples. In milk, the Cd concentration varied from 0.01 to 0.02 mg/L and was lower in summer and higher in fall. The total average Cd content in horse manure was 0.1844 mg/kg. The concentration of Pb in soil samples ranged from 1.09 to 1.30 mg/kg with the lowest value in spring and the highest in fall. In the feed, the concentration of Pb varied from 0.14 to 0.76 mg/kg and in milk from 0.03 to 0.15 mg/L. The average concentrations of Hg and As in soil samples averaged 0.022 and 0.019 mg/kg, respectively, and were within the TLVs. Conclusion: In the study areas, the calculated transition rates in the soil–feed–milk–manure system revealed that the greatest transition of HMs was observed for Pb and Cd, and a smaller migration was observed for Hg and As. The tendency of accumulation of trace elements continued in the feed.

Fundamentals of Higher Order Neural Networks for Modeling and Simulation

2013 ◽  
pp. 103-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madan M. Gupta ◽  
Ivo Bukovsky ◽  
Noriyasu Homma ◽  
Ashu M. G. Solo ◽  
Zeng-Guang Hou
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Modeling And Simulation ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Nonlinear Approximation ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Higher Order Neural Networks ◽  
High Dynamic ◽  
Input Variables ◽  
Continuous Dynamic

In this chapter, the authors provide fundamental principles of Higher Order Neural Units (HONUs) and Higher Order Neural Networks (HONNs) for modeling and simulation. An essential core of HONNs can be found in higher order weighted combinations or correlations between the input variables and HONU. Except for the high quality of nonlinear approximation of static HONUs, the capability of dynamic HONUs for the modeling of dynamic systems is shown and compared to conventional recurrent neural networks when a practical learning algorithm is used. In addition, the potential of continuous dynamic HONUs to approximate high dynamic order systems is discussed, as adaptable time delays can be implemented. By using some typical examples, this chapter describes how and why higher order combinations or correlations can be effective for modeling of systems.

scholarly journals Provincial Quality of Economic Growth: Measurements and Influencing Factors for China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1354
Author(s):  
Shaofeng Ru ◽  
Jiaqi Liu ◽  
Tonghui Wang ◽  
Guo Wei
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Technological Change ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Assessment Index ◽  
Investment Level ◽  
Central Regions ◽  
Assessment Index System ◽  
Factor Decomposition ◽  
Education Medical

An extended total factor productivity method is developed for measuring the quality of economic growth (QEG). Specifically, criteria for judging the QEG are first elaborated using endogenous economic growth theory, and subsequently, an assessment index system for evaluating QEG is constructed. In this system, the production factors primarily include labor, material capital, education, medical and health, environmental resource, and social security, while the output indexes comprise the gross domestic product (GDP), employment rate, income gap, and environmental pollution. In the empirical study, the directional distance function and Global Malmquist-Luenberger index are implemented to examine the QEG in China from 2000 to 2016 by provinces, regions, and factor decomposition, respectively. The global scale technological change and global pure technological change are the main sources for improving the QEG. The results also reveal a considerable widespread inefficiency and uneven development of the QEG. In general, from the eastern to western to central regions, the QEG becomes noticeably lower; The investment level is not only a driving force for economic growth, but also a source for boosting the QEG. These findings will provide a reference for China in adjusting relevant investments, ameliorating environmental conditions, and accomplishing the unity of quantity, quality, and efficiency in economic growth.

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