scholarly journals Cultivation of young-of-the-year carp with the use of chlorella (Chlorella (Beijerinck, 1890)) suspension

2021 ◽  
pp. 33-47
Author(s):  
T. Hryhorenko ◽  
◽  
N. Savenko ◽  
N. Chuzhma ◽  
A. Bazaieva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Supply ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Ecological Conditions ◽  
Average Biomass ◽  
Nutritional Needs ◽  
Young Of The Year ◽  
Fish Productivity ◽  
Experimental Pond

Purpose. Investigate ecological conditions and determine fish productivity of ponds when growing young-of-the-year carp using a suspension of chlorella. Methodology. During the study, we used methods generally accepted in hydrochemistry, hydrobiology and fish farming. Findings. The article presents the results of the study on the use of chlorella suspension in the cultivation of carp. It was found that the use of chlorella suspension created favorable hydrochemical conditions resulting in intensive development of zooplankton, which had a positive effect on the growth of young-of-the-year carp and fish productivity of the pond. The development of the natural food supply was sufficient to meet the nutritional needs of juvenile carp. The average seasonal biomass of zooplankton in the experimental pond was 28.68 g/m3 that was 1.5 times higher than in the control. The share of cladocerans in the total biomass of zooplankton in the experimental pond was 76.6%, versus 36.8% in the control. The average biomass of zoobenthos for the growing season in the experimental was 1.3 times higher than in the control, and was formed by chironomid larvae, which are valuable in the food chain. Originality. The study investigated ecological conditions and fish productivity of growing ponds under conditions of the application of cattle manure and suspension of chlorella when growing carp in monoculture. Practical value. It was found that the use of chlorella suspension promotes the intensification of the development of zooplankton organisms in ponds. The obtained data can be used to develop practical recommendations for optimizing the conditions for growing carp seeds and increasing the biological productivity of ponds. Key words: nursery ponds, natural food supply, phytoplankton, zooplankton, zoobenthos, young-of-the-year carp, chlorella suspension, fish productivity.

Polyculture in fish farming as a method of preventing fish diseases

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-40
Author(s):  
Grigory Emelyanovich Servetnik
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Fish Habitat ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Fish Diseases ◽  
Host Body ◽  
Contagious Diseases

Methods of prevention of fish diseases are aimed at destroying parasites in the host body and in the fish habitat — in the reservoir (chemoprophylaxis, increasing fish resistance), at preventing parasites from entering the reservoir (limiting the import of fish, import of healthy fish, quarantine measures, etc.), as well as preventing their spread and entry into the host body. It is shown that polyculture is not only the most effective method of using the natural forage base of the reservoir and, as a result, increasing fish productivity, but also a means of preventing mass infectious and other fish diseases. To prevent mass infectious diseases of fish and death from them both in safe and unfavorable ponds of carp fish farms, it is advisable to grow other fish species together with carp that do not suffer from diseases peculiar to carp. As a result, so-called sparse species plantings of fish are created in the ponds, while the total biomass remains high. At the same time, the natural food supply of ponds is most fully used and a kind of biological buffer is created that prevents the emergence and spread of contagious diseases. Polyculture can play a particularly important role in pond farms that already have certain problems with rubella, filometroidosis, botryocephalosis, carp pox, etc. Long-term studies of breeding herds in pond farms have shown that most of them have single foci of diseases, which, if there are optimal conditions for the pathogen, are ready to immediately respond with an outbreak of the disease or are generally quarantined for a particular fish disease. When determining the objects of polyculture, it is necessary to reduce the proportion of fish species that have a significant number of common diseases.

scholarly journals Some pecularities of feeding of paddlefish (Polyodon spathula (Walbaum, 1792)) in the process of its growing to the marketable weight in ponds of Ukranian Polissia

2021 ◽  
pp. 56-65
Author(s):  
B. Hankevych ◽  
◽  
O. Tretiak ◽  
T. Hryhorenko ◽  
O. Kolos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Fish Production ◽  
Study Results

Purpose. To investigate peculiarities of feeding of paddlefish during the second year of life in polyculture with carp fish in ponds of Ukrainian Polissia. Methodology. A North American zooplanktophage belonging to sturgeons, the paddlefish was reared in polyculture with carp, hybrids of silver and bighead carps, as well as grass carp in pond with areas of 1 hectare on natural food supply. Development of the natural food supply was stimulated by applying cattle manure into ponds at an amount of 1 ton/ha. The stocking density of age‒1 paddlefish with an average weight of 143 g was 150 ind./ha, The total stocking density of all polyculture objects was 520 ind./ha. The determination of the nutritional and growth characteristics of fish, the qualitative composition of forage aquatic organisms and their biomass was carried out using well‒known methods. The main physicochemical parameters of water quality were investigated during fish rearing using generally accepted recommendations in fish farming and hydrochemistry. Findings. The environmental conditions of the pond mainly met the biological requirements for the studied aquaculture objects. A periodic decrease in dissolved oxygen concentration to 1.5‒2.0 mgO2/dm3 was observed, which could slow down fish growth. During sampling to determine the feeding habits of paddlefish, the zooplankton biomass in the pond varied within 1.11‒6.44 g/m3, with the predominance of Cladocera and Copepoda. At the end of the study period, age‒1+ paddlefish reached an average weight of 979.0 g with a fish production of 120.4 kg/ha and a survival rate of 82.0%. The total fish production for all polyculture objects was 502.3 kg/ha. The average digestive tract fullness index of paddlefish varied within 199.72‒459.0030/000. The diet of paddlefish was dominated by lower crustaceans with a predominance of Cladocera (65.28‒86.23%). The role of Copepoda in paddlefish nutrition increased at the end of the culture season (up to 32.76%). Rotifera and other forage aquatic organisms did not have a significant value in the paddlefish diet (up to 3.85%). A significant amount of detritus swallowed by fish was observed (13.43‒31.31% of the digestive tract content). A selectivity in the consumption of paddlefish of various groups of zooplankton organisms was noted with the selectivity index for Cladocera at the level of 1.23‒1.48. Originality. New data were obtained on the feeding habits of paddlefish in Ukrainian Polissia. Practical value. The study results are an integral part of the database for the development of improved technologies for pond fish farming in Ukraine. Key words: paddlefish, pond aquaculture, fish polyculture, natural food supply, fish feeding.

scholarly journals PRACTISE OF ORGANIZING LAKE COMMERCIAL FISH FARMS IN CONDITIONS OF LAKE OZGENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-96
Author(s):  
Nailya Baimuratovna Bulavina ◽  
Tynysbek Temirkhanovich Barakbaev ◽  
Galymzhan Zholdasbekovich Iskhakhov ◽  
Alyona Aleksandrovna Mukhramova
Keyword(s):  
Food Supply ◽  
Grass Carp ◽  
Ionic Composition ◽  
Silver Carp ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Commercial Fish ◽  
Hydrochemical Regime ◽  
Current State ◽  
Fish Productivity

The article presents the results of the researches conducted on Lake Ozgent (the Kyzylorda region). The data on hydrochemical regime of the lake, ionic composition, composition of biogenous compounds, oxygen and thermal regimes were collected and analysed. There has been done the assessment of food supply and current state of the ichthyofauna. According to the obtained data, the recommendations about using Lake Ozgent were made, the recommended meliorative events (meliorative fishing, repair of hydroconstructions) were held and stocking the fishing material of carp was carried out. Based on the work results it has been established that in the conditions of Lake Ozgent the pure gain in 5 months of cultivation (on extensive technology when using only the natural food supply) made 385.6 g in a carp, 301.4 g in a white silver carp and 428.7 g in a grass carp. In the full catch of commodity fish species, the overall fish productivity of Lake Ozgent will make 101.9 kg/hectare, of them carp will take 43.4 kg/hectare, grass carp - 13.5 kg/hectare and white silver carp - 45 kg/hectare. The growth of the grown-up fish in Lake Ozgent corresponds to biotechnical standards of fish cultivation in the in polyculture of the feeding lakes.

scholarly journals Technologies of carp growing and their features

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (95) ◽  
pp. 54-59
Author(s):  
Yu. V. Loboiko ◽  
Ye. O. Barylo ◽  
Yu. R. Vachko ◽  
B. S. Barylo ◽  
I. R. Rachkivska
Keyword(s):  
Fish Farming ◽  
Distinct Type ◽  
Bottom Fauna ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Genetically Determined ◽  
Fish Productivity

Carp is one of the few fish farms for which a wide range of technologies has been developed: from extensive, with minimal human intervention in the formation of fish productivity of the reservoir, to intensive, with the most controlled production conditions. Carp has many biological features, enhanced by centuries of breeding work, making this fish extremely “technological”, able to more or less fully realize the genetically determined bioproductive properties of different breeding technologies. Technologies for growing commercial carp according to the level of intensification of the production process can be divided into extensive (grazing), semi-intensive, intensive, and continuous, as a distinct type of intensive technology for growing carp in ponds and pools. Extensive technology assumes that the fish will feed exclusively on natural food, zooplankton, and bottom fauna. In this case, the cost of growing carp will be the lowest; the fish will be called “ecological”, but the growth of individuals will be insignificant. Semi-intensive technology assumes that carp feed on natural feeds, and their energy needs are met by providing carbohydrate additives to feed. Intensive technology believes that carp feeding with compound feeds with high protein content is used, which allows achieving productivity of 3–20 tons/ha. This system requires the highest costs, although it gives the highest performance. The pond must provide additional aeration and water flow to prevent contamination of the reservoir and the development of fish diseases. The main disadvantage of popular carp growing technologies is their staging. All operations are carried out strictly one after another in specialized ponds. Moreover, each stage ends with the descent of the tanks, and the fish are transplanted several times from one to another (from spawning to juvenile, from them to nursery). During this, the carp is injured, which negatively affects its productivity and inevitably leads to waste. To remedy this, fish farming is now using continuous rearing technology. The choice of technology for growing carp is a responsible task on which the profitability of fisheries depends.

Methods for reducing the cost of production of commercial carp when feeding grain crops

2020 ◽  
pp. 58-67
Author(s):  
G. E. Servetnik ◽  
E. V. Pishchenko
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Pond Aquaculture ◽  
Grain Crops ◽  
Whole Wheat ◽  
Cereal Species ◽  
The Cost

Feeding is one of the main methods of intensification of agricultural fish farming. Based on FAO reports, the share of aquaculture products grown with feed is gradually increasing. In pond farms with medium and high degree of intensification, up to 80% of fish products are produced due to feeding. Moreover, in the structure of the cost of fish production, compound feeds account for up to half of the total costs, and in industrial aquaculture up to 65–70%. It is shown that it is Known that feeding and growing technology account for about 55% of the success rate of increasing fish productivity, while the genetic potential is only about 25%, and the share of veterinary and sanitary well-being of fish accounts for about 20%. In Russia and many other countries, cereals are used to reduce the cost of carp farming products, as a relatively cheap and affordable source of energy compared to granulated feed. The availability and low cost of such feed is of paramount importance in pond aquaculture and currently all cereal species are used for artificial feeding. Information about feeding carp with grain crops, as well as requirements for the quality and safety of feed is provided. It is indicated that feeding carp with whole grains is advisable if the natural food base is well developed. Traditional fish farming experience shows that feeding carp with whole wheat grain is advisable when the planting density of two-year-olds is up to 3.5 thousand / ha and mainly in August-September. Before eating fish, the grain must necessarily swell in water, otherwise it injures the intestines and is excreted from the digestive tract poorly digested.

scholarly journals ESPECIALLY THE FOOD AND CLOTHING OF THE PERSONNEL OF THE RUSSIAN ARMY IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE XVIII CENTURY

2018 ◽  
pp. 46-48
Author(s):  
V. N. Benda
Keyword(s):  
Military Personnel ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Light Industry ◽  
Xviii Century ◽  
Russian Army ◽  
The Military

The article investigates some problems of supply of food and ware property of private, non-commissioned officers and chief officers of the Russian army in the second half of the XVIII century. The author points out that the new uniform for soldiers and officers of the Russian army, introduced at the suggestion of G. A. Potemkin-Tavrichesky, was more simple and facilitated the management of troops in the course of hostilities. The sizes of daily and annual money and natural food supply of the military personnel of the Russian army in the specified period are given. Attention is drawn to the fact that the domestic light industry, engaged in the production of cloth and other products necessary for sewing various forms of clothing for soldiers and officers, in the second half of the XVIII century, fully satisfied the needs of the army in both quantitative and qualitative terms.

scholarly journals Penerapan Sistem Akuaponik (Budidaya Ikan Dalam Ember) untuk Pemenuhan Gizi Dalam Mencegah Stunting di Desa Gending Kabupaten Probolinggo

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-24
Author(s):  
Dyah Ayu Perwitasari ◽  
Tatik Amani
Keyword(s):  
Fish Farming ◽  
Local Potential ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
Community Interest ◽  
Student Teams ◽  
Spare Time ◽  
Nutritional Needs ◽  
The Village ◽  
Vegetable Cultivation

Gending Village is a village located in Gending District, Probolinggo Regency, consisting of 4 Hamlets, 4 RWs, 13 RT. RT 09 area. Buyut Hamlet is one of the areas in the village of Gending, Gending District. The majority of RT 9 residents have livelihoods as farmers. The area of ​​Buyut Hamlet was once a center for catfish farming in the village of Gending, but is now beginning to be abandoned because of the existence of a small amount of feed. The adoption of the budikdamber as the development of the aquaponics system is expected to be able to foster community interest in conducting fish and vegetable cultivation in one place, so that the yields obtained are also abundant and meet the nutritional needs derived from fish and vegetables. One effort to redevelop the local potential in the form of catfish farming, needs to be done an action in the form of socialization. The socialization was carried out by conveying material about hydroponics and buddhambers, which was followed by housewives of RT 9 with the aim to be able to fill spare time and develop the ability of catfish culture that had previously been nurturing, but also as a form of utilization of house yards or narrow land to be efficient and profitable. The practice was carried out by demonstrating the buddhamber accompanied by lecturers and student teams, and handing over the assemblies of the buddambers along with vegetables and fish to one of the residents as a pilot. The results obtained from this program are an increase in knowledge and skills of partners about fish farming in a bucket (Budikdamber) as well as an increase in family food independence by utilizing home yards through the cultivation of vegetables and fish in one place. Keywords: Gending, Aquaponics, Budikdamber, Nutrition, Stunting

Modern features of aquaculture of cyprinids in the republic of Iraq

2020 ◽  
pp. 6-14
Author(s):  
Farhan Yasin Hamed ◽  
Adelia Zakirovna Anokhina ◽  
Natalia Viktorovna Sudakova ◽  
Damelya Kazhigalievna Magzanova
Keyword(s):  
Silver Carp ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Pond Water ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Bighead Carp ◽  
Ctenopharyngodon Idella ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Hypophthalmichthys Molitrix ◽  
Fish Farms

It is shown that the leading role in the aquaculture of Iraq belongs to Cyprinids, which account for over 80 % of all fish farming production. The most widespread in the country are four main world species of carp aquaculture: common carp (Cyprinus carpio), grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis). Basically, the traditional technology of growing Cyprinids in ponds is used, which includes the main fish farming processes: care of broodstock to prepare them for spawning, collecting eggs and milt, eggs fertilization and incubation of embryos, raising juveniles and marketable fish. Currently, there are about 2 thousand private fish farms, which have ponds of various sizes from 4 to 100 hectares. Cultivation of Cyprinids in Iraq is carried out mainly by extensive methods: the use of the natural food base of reservoirs with low fish stocking density in polyculture. The fish productivity of ponds varies greatly in different fish farms from 1,5 to 6 t/ha, which is due to economic reasons. The data on changes in the temperature of pond water during the year and hydrochemical indicators are given, which shows favorable conditions for Cyprinids rearing. Information on the use of compound feeds for growing carp in ponds is provided, and data on the composition and nutritional value of the feed used. The fish culture indicators for the main biotechnical processes of the rearing of four Cyprinid species in Iraq are described in detail. In the conclusion, it is indicated that for the effective development of aquaculture in Iraq, government support is needed in the form of a developed long-term program and legislative acts.

Results of experimental work on the application of the aquacrop rotation practice in fish ponds in Iraq

2021 ◽  
pp. 56-67
Author(s):  
Farhan Yasin Hamed Farhan Yasin Hamed ◽  
Lydia Mikhailovna Vasilyeva ◽  
Natalia Viktorovna Sudakova ◽  
Ali Attala Muheisin ◽  
Adelia Zakirovna Anokhina
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Fish Ponds ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Fish Breeding ◽  
Feed Costs ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Fish Productivity

The use of the crop rotation method in fish farming makes it possible to increase fish productivity and crop yields in ponds. In the countries of the Middle East, in recent years, the Aqua Crop rotation practice has been developing, in particular, the consistent cultivation of fish and rice in fish ponds, which allows eliminating the contradictions between these crops and increasing production efficiency. In Iraq, an experiment was carried out on the variable cultivation of rice and carp in fish ponds for four years, with the aim of introducing this practice into the country’s agriculture. Four ponds, each with an area of 7.5 hectares, were involved. The research was carried out in two variants: in experiment No.1 rice was grown in the first year, fish in the second, then rice again and in the fourth year — fish, in the second experiment, on the contrary, at the beginning of the fish, then rice, etc. The fish-breeding season lasted 9 months (March to November). Fish-breeding indicators were studied in detail: survival rate, feed costs, fish productivity, the results of rice cultivation were judged by yield. In addition, indicators of economic efficiency were determined according to a simplified scheme. The results indicate that, in general, fish-breeding indicators turned out to be higher when growing fish in ponds after rice, so fish productivity increased by almost 30% with an average value of 3.9 t/ha, feed costs decreased, while rice yield increased by 15–16% and averaged 3.6 t/ha. The best fish-breeding indicators were obtained in the second experiment after rice was grown in the ponds for two years. Economic calculations confirmed the advantages of using the aquacrop rotation practice, so in the second experiment the cost of marketable fish decreased by 10%, and the profitability increased by almost 30%.

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