Lubricating materials based on waste oleo products

2021 ◽  
pp. 48-54
Author(s):  
O.O. Papeikin ◽  
◽  
L.Yu. Bodachivska ◽  
I.O. Venger ◽  
D.Z. Davitadze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Structural Framework ◽  
Waste Cooking Oils ◽  
Resistance To Oxidation ◽  
Multifunctional Additives ◽  
The One ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Cooking Oils ◽  
Derivatives Of

Phosphatide concentrates and waste cooking oils - wastes that do not find qualified use and sources of environmental pollution, on the one hand, and on the other - valuable raw materials for the production of lubricating materials, additives and surfactants. The paper demonstrates the possibility of using these wastes as components in technologies for obtaining hydrated calcium greases and surfactants. By saponification of phosphatide concentrates and waste cooking oils were obtained the dispersed phases of thixotropic systems and were investigated their rheological properties. Derivatives of phosphoric acid in the composition of greases form a stronger structural framework, which is characterized by increased melting point and tribological properties capable of operating in high-load friction points. Surfactants were obtained by amidation of phosphatide concentrates and waste cooking oils. Synthesized alkanolamides combine with almost all mineral and synthetic oils and based on them developed compositions of lubricating materials. Tests of these compositions shown that synthesized surfactants from waste prove as effective multifunctional additives. Due to the chelating groups -OH, -NH2, -CONH, -COOH, -PO(OH)2, hydrophobic chelate complexes are formed, which not only impart systems homogeneity, but also provide improved protective, antioxidant and tribochemical properties of oils and lubricating compositions. Bench tests of resistance to oxidation of lubricating compositions with amidated phosphatide concentrates conducted at a temperature of 150 ºC confirmed their inhibitory effect, which allows to recommend them for use in high-temperature greases.

scholarly journals A review on production of biodiesel from waste cooking oils

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-41
Author(s):  
Muzhda Azizi ◽  
Sweeta Akbari
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Waste Cooking Oils ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
The One ◽  
Cooking Oils ◽  
Different Sources

Nowadays, preservation of natural resources on earth is one of the most important concerns of humanity. In this regard, increasing the consumption of energy is one of the most critical challenges that humans are facing. Because, on the one hand, the untapped use of different sources of energy from fossil fuels can destroy this natural resource and, on the other hand, pollution from the use of these resources is a serious threat to the environment. Recent research suggests that affordable, sustainable and environmentally friendly fuels, which can be a good alternative to fossil fuels, have become more important. Therefore, biodiesel has made it possible to release less greenhouse gas emission and low toxicity emissions, which can partly meet fuel requirements and is the best alternative for petroleum diesel. In addition, the waste cooking oils are a major source of biodiesel for their essential compounds, such as glycerol. The use of waste cooking oils can reduce biodiesel production cost by 60 to 90 percent. Therefore, the main objective of this review is to study the production of biodiesel using transesterification reaction of waste cooking oil as an alternative fuel to petroleum diesel that can be used easily in diesel engines.

scholarly journals Spectrometric Determination of Content of Methyl Palmitate in Methyl Esters of Waste Cooking Oils

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-68
Author(s):  
Damian Marcinkowski ◽  
Mirosław Czechlowski ◽  
Tomasz Grzelak
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Palmitate ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Infrared Spectrometry ◽  
Waste Cooking Oils ◽  
Calibration Models ◽  
Cooking Oils

AbstractThe second-generation liquid biofuels are fuels derived from non-food raw materials, i.e. waste cooking oils and animal fats. They are waste raw materials from the agri-food industry, hence their quantity is limited, and their quality depends, inter alia, on the place of their acquisition. Considering the fact that rheological properties of liquid biofuels are closely correlated with the quality of raw materials from which they are obtained, the industrial production of biofuels from waste fats requires development of new analytical methods, allowing for a quick assessment of the quality of the obtained products. The aim of the study was to confirm the possibility of using near infrared spectrometry to assess the content of methyl palmitate in biofuels produced from waste cooking oil. The calibration models were based on 41 absorbance spectra recorded in the range of 400-2170 nm for samples containing from 0 to 5 % of methyl palmitate. The obtained results confirmed that there is a possibility of effective detection of the concentration of this ester in biofuel using the spectrum in the range of 1644-1778 nm. The developed PLS calibration models are characterized by a determination co-efficient (R2) exceeding the value of 0.99.

Effects of Prostaglandins, Derivatives of Cyclic 3':5'-AMP, Theophylline, Cholinergic Agents and Colchicine on Clot Retraction in Dilute Platelet-Rich Plasma and Gel-Separated Platelet Test Systems

1977 ◽  
Vol 38 (02) ◽  
pp. 0420-0428 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L Moake ◽  
P. L Cimo ◽  
K Widmer ◽  
D. M Peterson ◽  
J. R Gum
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Fibrin Clot ◽  
Serotonin Release ◽  
Dibutyryl Camp ◽  
Clot Retraction ◽  
Dilute Suspensions ◽  
Cholinergic Agents ◽  
Camp Levels ◽  
Derivatives Of

SummaryIn dilute suspensions of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) or gel-separated platelets (GSP), dibutyryl-cAMP (DBcAMP) and monobutyryl-cAMP inhibited platelet-mediated fibrin clot retraction in concentrations of 2–3 × 10–6M, with complete inhibition at 1–3 × 10–4M. Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1), which inhibited fibrin clot retraction in concentrations greater than 1.5–3 × 10–8M, was a more effective inhibitor than either PGE2 or PGF2α. In the presence of theophylline (10–4M), concentrations of DBcAMP, PGE1 PGE2 and PGF2α necessary to inhibit fibrin clot retraction were reduced 50-fold for DBcAMP and 2.5 to 20-fold for the prostaglandins. In dilute PRP or GSP, inhibition of fibrin clot retraction does not result from inhibition of thrombin-induced platelet aggregation. Thus, compounds which increase platelet cAMP levels result in the inhibition of platelet-mediated fibrin clot retraction, and this inhibitory effect may be mediated, at least in part, through suppression of platelet contractility. Cyclic GMP, dibutyryl-cGMP and carbamylcholine-Cl (which stimulates guanylate cyclase) did not influence fibrin clot retraction, and did not prevent inhibition of fibrin clot retraction by DBcAMP and PGE?. Colchicine, in concentrations known to disrupt platelet microtubules (2.5 × 10–6M to 2.5 x 10–3M), had little inhibitory effect on either fibrin clot retraction or platelet (3H)-serotonin release.

The Belt and Road Initiative and Sino-Russian economic cooperation: Is there one more chance for us?

2019 ◽  
pp. 47-71
Author(s):  
Petr M. Mozias
Keyword(s):  
Regional Integration ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Flexible Framework ◽  
The One ◽  
International Transactions ◽  
The Belt And Road ◽  
Current Stage

China’s Belt and Road Initiative could be treated ambiguously. On the one hand, it is intended to transform the newly acquired economic potential of that country into its higher status in the world. China invites a lot of nations to build up gigantic transit corridors by joint efforts, and doing so it applies productively its capital and technologies. International transactions in RMB are also being expanded. But, on the other hand, the Belt and Road Initiative is also a necessity for China to cope with some evident problems of its current stage of development, such as industrial overcapacity, overdependence on imports of raw materials from a narrow circle of countries, and a subordinate status in global value chains. For Russia participation in the Belt and Road Initiative may be fruitful, since the very character of that project provides us with a space to manoeuvre. By now, Russian exports to China consist primarily of fuels and other commodities. More active industrial policy is needed to correct this situation . A flexible framework of the Belt and Road Initiative is more suitable for this objective to be achieved, rather than traditional forms of regional integration, such as a free trade zone.

Microbiological analysis of popular spreads used in restaurants inside Dhaka city, Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-19
Author(s):  
Tasnia Ahmed ◽  
Md Aftab Uddin
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Peanut Butter ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
Acceptable Result ◽  
Fast Foods ◽  
Public Consumption ◽  
Viable Bacteria ◽  
Almost All

Spreads are used widely for making the fast foods more amazing and tasty. Varieties and cross combinations of ingredients are used to make many flavours of fast foods. Different restaurants prepare their signature spreads for attracting people but this can cause opposite result if not prepared using high quality raw materials and proper hygienic conditions are not maintained. Current study was conducted on ten different types of spreads (pesto, cilantro, queso, tomato sauce, peanut butter, honey, mustard, cream cheese, chocolate sauce and butter) which are used by the local restaurants in Dhaka city, Bangladesh. Almost all the samples (nine out of ten) harbored total viable bacteria exceeding the standard limit. Four spread samples showed high fungal count (102 cfu/gm). Four samples showed to be positive (˃101/ml recommended acceptable count) for Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. which indicates that these spread cannot be recommended for public consumption. Among all the samples examined, only chocolate sauce showed acceptable result without the presence of coliforms, Staphylococcus spp. and Pseudomonas spp. This finding suggests proper maintenance of sanitation in spread preparation and selling area. A proper guidelines and monitoring can help keep up the quality of food additives. Stamford Journal of Microbiology, Vol.10 (1) 2020: 16-19

scholarly journals The Diagnosis and Therapy of Degenerative Knee Joint Disease: Expert Consensus from the Chinese Pain Medicine Panel

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Huang ◽  
Yan-Qing Liu ◽  
Li-Shuang Liang ◽  
Xue-Wu Lin ◽  
Tao Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Knee Joints ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
Pain Specialist ◽  
Chinese Association ◽  
The One ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Based Medicine

At present, there are many constantly updated guidelines and consensuses on the diagnosis and treatment of osteoarthritis both at home and abroad. The recommendations established using methods of evidence-based medicine has experienced strict research on controlling bias and promoting reproduction rate. As a result, the previous evidence was reevaluated, and a lot of changes were provoked in the diagnosis and treatment concept of osteoarthritis. However, several methods not recommended by foreign guidelines are still in use in the current clinical practice in China. On the one hand, Chinese experts have not reached extensive consensus on whether it is necessary to make changes according to foreign guidelines. On the other hand, almost all the current relevant guidelines are on osteoarthritis, but the lesions around knee joints which, as a whole, bear the largest weight in human body, cannot be ignored. For this purpose, Chinese Association for the Study of Pain (CASP) organized some leading experts to formulate this Chinese Pain Specialist Consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of degenerative knee osteoarthritis (DKOA) in combination with the guidelines in foreign countries and the expert experience of clinical practice in China. The consensus, which includes the definition, pathophysiology, epidemiology, clinical manifestation, diagnostic criteria, and treatments of DKOA, is intended to be used by first-line doctors, including pain physicians to manage patients with DKOA.

scholarly journals Tenebrio molitor in the circular economy: a novel approach for plastic valorisation and PHA biological recovery

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Sangiorgio ◽  
Alessandra Verardi ◽  
Salvatore Dimatteo ◽  
Anna Spagnoletta ◽  
Stefania Moliterni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Circular Economy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Tenebrio Molitor ◽  
World Population ◽  
Plastic Pollution ◽  
Biological Recovery ◽  
Great Opportunity ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
The One

AbstractThe increase in the world population leads to rising demand and consumption of plastic raw materials; only a small percentage of plastics is recovered and recycled, increasing the quantity of waste released into the environment and losing its economic value. The plastics represent a great opportunity in the circular perspective of their reuse and recycling. Research is moving, on the one hand, to implement sustainable systems for plastic waste management and on the other to find new non-fossil-based plastics such as polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs). In this review, we focus our attention on Tenebrio molitor (TM) as a valuable solution for plastic biodegradation and biological recovery of new biopolymers (e.g. PHA) from plastic-producing microorganisms, exploiting its highly diversified gut microbiota. TM’s use for plastic pollution management is controversial. However, TM microbiota is recognised as a source of plastic-degrading microorganisms. TM-based plastic degradation is improved by co-feeding with food loss and waste as a dietary energy source, thus valorising these low-value substrates in a circular economy perspective. TM as a bioreactor is a valid alternative to traditional PHA recovery systems with the advantage of obtaining, in addition to highly pure PHA, protein biomass and rearing waste from which to produce fertilisers, chitin/chitosan, biochar and biodiesel. Finally, we describe the critical aspects of these TM-based approaches, mainly related to TM mass production, eventual food safety problems, possible release of microplastics and lack of dedicated legislation.

scholarly journals Multi-Scale Minero-Chemical Analysis of Biomass Ashes: A Key to Evaluating Their Dangers vs. Benefits

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6052
Author(s):  
Paola Comodi ◽  
Azzurra Zucchini ◽  
Umberto Susta ◽  
Costanza Cambi ◽  
Riccardo Vivani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Rietveld Analysis ◽  
Fly Ashes ◽  
Amorphous Content ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Italian Law ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Mineralogical Study ◽  
The One

A multi-methodic analysis was performed on five samples of fly ashes coming from different biomasses. The aim of the study was to evaluate their possible re-use and their dangerousness to people and the environment. Optical granulometric analyses indicated that the average diameter of the studied fly ashes was around 20 µm, whereas only ~1 vol% had diameters lower that 2.5 µm. The chemical composition, investigated with electron probe microanalysis, indicated that all the samples had a composition in which Ca was prevalent, followed by Si and Al. Large contents of K and P were observed in some samples, whereas the amount of potentially toxic elements was always below the Italian law thresholds. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were completely absent in all the samples coming from combustion plants, whereas they were present in the fly ashes from the gasification center. Quantitative mineralogical content, determined by Rietveld analysis of X-ray powder diffraction data, indicated that all the samples had high amorphous content, likely enriched in Ca, and several K and P minerals, such as sylvite and apatite. The results obtained from the chemo-mineralogical study performed make it possible to point out that biomass fly ashes could be interesting materials (1) for amendments in clayey soils, as a substitution for lime, to stimulate pozzolanic reactions and improve their geotechnical properties, thus, on the one hand, avoiding the need to mine raw materials and, on the other hand, re-cycling waste; and (2) as agricultural fertilizers made by a new and ecological source of K and P.

scholarly journals Application of Hyperspectral Imaging in the Assessment of Drought and Salt Stress in Magneto-Primed Triticale Seeds

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 835
Author(s):  
Jose Alvarez ◽  
Elvira Martinez ◽  
Belén Diezma
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Hyperspectral Imaging ◽  
Human Observer ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
Data Variability ◽  
Drought And Salt Stress ◽  
The One ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Germination Parameters

Hyperspectral imaging is an appropriate method to thoroughly investigate the microscopic structure of internally heterogeneous agro-food products. By using hyperspectral technology, identifying stress symptoms associated with salinity, before a human observer, is possible, and has obvious benefits. The objective of this paper was to prove the suitability of this technique for the analysis of Triticale seeds subjected to both magneto-priming and drought and salt stress conditions, in terms of image differences obtained among treatments. It is known that, on the one hand, drought and salt stress treatments have negative effects on seeds of almost all species, and on the other hand, magneto-priming enhances seed germination parameters. Thus, this study aimed to relate hyperspectral imaging values—neither positive nor negative in themselves—to the effects mentioned above. Two main conclusions were reached: Firstly, the hyperspectral application is a feasible method for exploring the Triticale structure and for making distinctions under different drought and salt stress treatments, in line with the data variability obtained. Secondly, the lower spectral reflectance in some treatments—in the 400–1000 nm segment—is the result of a great number of chemical compounds in the seed that could be related to magneto-priming.

scholarly journals Variation of the Chemical Composition of Waste Cooking Oils upon Bentonite Filtration

Resources ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Mannu ◽  
Gina Vlahopoulou ◽  
Paolo Urgeghe ◽  
Monica Ferro ◽  
Alessandra Del Caro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Volatile Fraction ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Specific Chemical ◽  
Waste Cooking Oils ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Cooking Oils ◽  
Chemical Groups

The chemical composition and the color of samples of waste cooking oils (WCOs) were determined prior to and after filtration on two different pads of bentonite differing in particle size. The volatile fraction was monitored by headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled with gas-chromatography, while the variation of the composition of the main components was analyzed by 1H NMR. Both techniques allowed the detection of some decomposition products, such as polymers, terpenes, and derivatives of the Maillard process. The analysis of the chemical composition prior to and after bentonite treatment revealed a tendency for the clays to retain specific chemical groups (such as carboxylic acids or double bonds), independent of their particle size. A pair comparison test was conducted in order to detect the sensory differences of the intensity of aroma between the WCO treated with the two different bentonites. In addition, characterization of the bentonite by means of powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric measurements (TG) was performed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document