Determination of the aminotransferase activity in tissues of infected with  ectoparasites yearling carp

The paper presents data on changes in the activity of amіnotransferase (aspartate aminotransferase – AST, alanine aminotransferase – ALT) in various organs and tissues of carp at different intensity of infestation with ectoparasites. The material for studying the activity of aminotransferases was one-year-old carp, spontaneously invasive with ectoparasites. For this purpose, twelve groups of fish were formed for 6 individuals in each, with a body weight of 38.0 ± 4.8 g. In four groups of fish (control and three experimental) for the defeat by ectoparasites L. cyprinacea, D. vastator and for mixed infestation. Our studies have shown that the activity of aminotransferases in hepatopancreas and skeletal muscles of carp significantly changes in the lesion of fish by lereneae. In particular, the activity of ALT in hepatopancreas was significantly higher compared to the control group. The tendency to increase was observed in tissues of skeletal muscles. In the study of AST activity, its growth in hepatopancreas and skeletal muscle was determined. For the defeat of fish by dactylosurus, the activity of aminotransferases in carp gills varies considerably. In particular, ALT activity in gills of fish of groups 3 and 4 was significantly higher compared to the control group. At the same time, the activity of ALT in the tissues of the hepatopancreas of the 4th experimental group was likely to increase. The tendency to increase is established in tissues of hepatopancreas and gills in the study of activity of AST. As a result of fish invasion by dactylosurus, the activity of AST in hepatopancreas increased by 1.2 times. At the same time, the growth of the AST index in the gills of the first year of carp in the 3rd and 4th groups was established. In the study of the activity of aminotransferases for mixed infestation, it was found that the activity of ALT and AST in tissues of hepatopancreas, skeletal muscles and gills of groups 2, 3 and 4 was significantly higher compared to the control group.

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THE EFFECT OF APPLYING ANIMAL CARTOON PICTURES ON STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN WRITING NARRATIVE TEXT

10.24114/reg.v6i1.5371 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hasanul Arifin Zul And Masitowarni Siregar

Keyword(s):

T Test ◽

Narrative Text ◽

Control Group ◽

First Year ◽

Writing Achievement ◽

Control Groups ◽

Post Test ◽

Written Test ◽

And Control ◽

Experimental Group

This thesis is focused on the investigation of the effect of applying animal cartoon pictures on students’ achievement in writing narrative text. This study aims to find whether applying animal cartoon pictures significantly affect the students’ writing achievement or not. The data in this study were obtained by administering a written test. The population was the 2015/2016 first year (grade XI) of SMA Swasta Nusantara Lubuk Pakam and 66 students were taken as the sample by using random sampling. The sample was divided into two groups, experimental and control groups. The experimental group was taught by applying animal cartoon pictures while the control group without animal cartoon pictures (x = lecturing). The data were taken the scores from the pre-test and post-test to both experimental and control groups. These data were analyzed by using t-test. The result of computing the t-test obviously showed that t-observed is higher than t-table (5.21 >1,67) with the degree of freedom 64 (df =N-2) at the level significance 0,05 one tail test. It showed that the application of animal cartoon pictures significantly affected the students of SMA Swasta Nusantara Lubuk Pakam achievement in writing narrative text.

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THE EFFECT OF USING NOTING INTERACTING SUMMARIZING AND PRIORITIZING STRATEGY ON STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN READING COMPREHENSION

10.24114/reg.v2i4.694 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Maruh Sianturi And Berlin Sibarani

Keyword(s):

Reading Comprehension ◽

Experimental Design ◽

Null Hypothesis ◽

Alternative Hypothesis ◽

Control Group ◽

First Year ◽

Teaching Reading ◽

First Year Students ◽

Level Of Significance ◽

Experimental Group

This study was aimed at finding out the effect of using Noting, Interacting, Summarizing, and Prioritizing Strategy on Students’ Achievement in Reading Comprehension. This study was designed with the experimental design. The population of this study was the first year students at academic 2013/2012 of SMA swasta YP St. Paulus Martubung, Medan. There were fourty students taken as the sample of the research. The sample was divided into two groups: the first group (20 students) as the experimental group and the second group (20 students) as the control group. The experimental group was taught by Using Noting, Interacting, Summarizing, and Prioritizing Strategy, while the control group was taught by using conventional method. The instrument for collecting the data was multiple choices which consisted of 40 items. To obtain the reliability of the test, the researcher used Kuder -Richardson (KR-21) formula. The calculation showed that the reliability of the test was 0.75. The data were calculated by using t-test formula. The result of the analysis shows that t-observed (4.98) was higher than t-table (2.025) at the level of significance (α) 0.05 and the degree of freedom (df) 38. Therefore, the null hypothesis (H0) was rejected and alternative hypothesis (Ha) was accepted. It meant that teaching reading comprehension by using Noting, Interacting, Summarizing, and Prioritizing Strategy significantly affects reading comprehension.

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OP08 Levels and sources of stress reported by first year paramedic students associated with their first ambulance placement

Emergency Medicine Journal ◽

10.1136/emermed-2021-999.8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 38 (9) ◽

pp. A4.2-A4

Author(s):

Matthew Warren-James ◽

Julie Hanson ◽

Belinda Flanagan ◽

Mary Katsikitis ◽

Bill Lord

Keyword(s):

Death And Dying ◽

Educational Interventions ◽

Fear Of Failure ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Control Group ◽

First Year ◽

Before And After ◽

Quasi Experimental ◽

And Control ◽

Experimental Group

BackgroundWhilst there is evidence to suggest paramedics experience significant stress when working in the ambulance setting little is known about the experiences of first year paramedic students. This research aimed to: (i) identify whether levels of stress, anxiety and depression experienced by first year paramedic students changed after ambulance placement compared to a control group, and (ii) identify the main perceived and actual sources of stress around ambulance placement.MethodsA before-and-after quasi-experimental design was used to compare whether the experience of ambulance placement altered the levels of stress, anxiety and depression in an experimental group that attended an ambulance placement (n = 20) and the control group who did not (n = 10). Online surveys encompassing the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) and qualitative questions about sources of stress were concurrently deployed to both the experimental and control groups before and after the ambulance placement. Participants were first year paramedic students working in Queensland Ambulance Service, Australia.ResultsThere was a significant reduction in levels of stress in participants after undertaking their first ambulance placement (Mdn = -4.00) when compared to a control group (Mdn = 0.00), U = 52.5, p = .035, n2 = 0.15. Responses to survey questions suggest anticipation about experiencing death and dying of patients was the most frequently reported stressor of student paramedics before undertaking ambulance placements, however insecurity about knowledge, competence and fear of failure was the most frequently experienced stressor reported after completing ambulance placements.ConclusionsThe findings from this study suggest that the fear of the unknown may be worse than the reality. Anticipatory stress is the foremost problem for first year paramedic students attending their first ambulance placement. Placement pre-briefing should focus on educational interventions to build knowledge and skills competency to reduce stress levels and fear of failure.

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Use of Trained Mothers to Teach Interviewing Skills to First-Year Medical Students: A Follow-up Study

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.60.2.165 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 60 (2) ◽

pp. 165-169 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Paula L. Stillman ◽

Darrell L. Sabers ◽

Doris L. Redfield

Keyword(s):

Medical Students ◽

School Curriculum ◽

Control Group ◽

First Year ◽

Feedback Session ◽

Optimal Learning ◽

Interviewing Skills ◽

One Year ◽

First Year Medical Students

This report describes an attempt to evaluate the effectiveness of "trained mother" interviews early in the medical school curriculum. As an adjunct to a first-year course that teaches interviewing techniques, half of the students were exposed to an interview with one of three trained mothers early in the course. This treatment interview was immediately followed by a feedback session which concentrated on the content and process of interviewing. At the end of the course, all students had an evaluative interview. Those students who had an initial interview and feedback session with a trained mother scored significantly higher on both the content and process of their interviews than the control group. This technique is an effective and efficient way to teach interviewing skills to medical students prior to entering any of their clinical clerkships. A follow-up assessment conducted one year later indicated that one interview with a trained mother is sufficient for optimal learning and that the skills learned are retained over at least that period of time.

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The 3 vs 1 game build-up effectiveness examination in physical and technical tests of 11-year-old football players

Biomedical Human Kinetics ◽

10.2478/bhk-2013-0016 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 108-112

Author(s):

Janos Tóth jr. ◽

David Zalai ◽

Janos Tóth ◽

Pál Hamar

Keyword(s):

Subjective Experience ◽

Performance Level ◽

Control Group ◽

Football Players ◽

Weekly Basis ◽

Training Pattern ◽

Technical Ability ◽

One Year ◽

Experimental Group

Summary Study aim: The aim of this study is to prove that young players who have been coached with the main focus on technical ability and player interaction, perform better when tested on physical and technical attributes. Material and methods: We examined 2 separate groups made up of 15 players each. After thorough analysis, the experimental group practiced playing forms to building up 3 vs 1 games weekly for one year. The control group did not follow this training pattern. Results: Over the course of the year there was a constant development in all aspects of the examination. Furthermore, both physical and technical attributes were significantly better . The same cannot be concluded from the analysis of the control group, in which the performance level even dropped in some aspects of the examination. Conclusion: The results show that players practicing the playing forms on a weekly basis performed better in physical and technical tests. In addition, subjective experience has also underlined the effect of the method.

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A Controlled Trial of Home-Based Acute Psychiatric Services

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.163.1.49 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 163 (1) ◽

pp. 49-54 ◽

Cited By ~ 90

Author(s):

Tom Burns ◽

Alan Beadsmoore ◽

Ashok V. Bhat ◽

Andrew Oliver ◽

Carola Mathers

Keyword(s):

Controlled Trial ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Control Group ◽

Community Based ◽

Home Based ◽

Randomised Controlled Study ◽

One Year ◽

Randomised Controlled ◽

Clinical Measures ◽

Experimental Group

While research has shown community-based psychiatric care to be as good as, or better than, hospital-based care, generalisation to clinical practice has been difficult. This prospective, randomised controlled study examined a community-based approach feasible within NHS conditions. Ninety-four patients were randomly allocated to experimental and 78 to control treatments and followed for one year. The groups were well matched apart from an excess of psychotic control patients. No differences in clinical or social functioning outcome were found. Both groups improved substantially on clinical measures in the first six weeks, with some slow consolidation thereafter. There were three suicides in the control group and one in the experimental group. Access to care was better in the experimental group (93% attended assessment) than in the control group (75% attended assessment).

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One-Year Follow-Up of Healthy Older Adults with Electroencephalographic Risk for Neurocognitive Disorder After Neurofeedback Training

Journal of Alzheimer s Disease ◽

10.3233/jad-215538 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-15

Author(s):

Graciela C. Alatorre-Cruz ◽

Thalía Fernández ◽

Susana A. Castro-Chavira ◽

Mauricio González-López ◽

Sergio M. Sánchez-Moguel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Theta Activity ◽

Control Group ◽

Global Changes ◽

Healthy Population ◽

Healthy Older Adults ◽

Cognitive Improvement ◽

One Year ◽

Experimental Group

Background: In healthy older adults, excess theta activity is an electroencephalographic (EEG) predictor of cognitive impairment. In a previous study, neurofeedback (NFB) treatment reinforcing reductions theta activity resulted in EEG reorganization and cognitive improvement. Objective: To explore the clinical applicability of this NFB treatment, the present study performed a 1-year follow-up to determine its lasting effects. Methods: Twenty seniors with excessive theta activity in their EEG were randomly assigned to the experimental or control group. The experimental group received an auditory reward when the theta absolute power (AP) was reduced. The control group received the reward randomly. Results: Both groups showed a significant decrease in theta activity at the training electrode. However, the EEG results showed that only the experimental group underwent global changes after treatment. These changes consisted of delta and theta decreases and beta increases. Although no changes were found in any group during the period between the posttreatment evaluation and follow-up, more pronounced theta decreases and beta increases were observed in the experimental group when the follow-up and pretreatment measures were compared. Executive functions showed a tendency to improve two months after treatment which became significant one year later. Conclusion: These results suggest that the EEG and behavioral benefits of this NFB treatment persist for at least one year, which adds up to the available evidence contributing to identifying factors that increase its efficacy level. The relevance of this study lies in its prophylactic features of addressing a clinically healthy population with EEG risk of cognitive decline.

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Motivation of senior school persons for participation in professionally oriented competitions

Alma mater Vestnik Vysshey Shkoly ◽

10.20339/am.12-20.015 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 15-21

Author(s):

P.V. Tkachenko ◽

◽

D.A. Severinov ◽

K.V. Luganskaya

Keyword(s):

General Education ◽

Vocational Guidance ◽

Educational Process ◽

Practical Significance ◽

Control Group ◽

Intellectual Activity ◽

Face To Face ◽

Tv Shows ◽

Experimental Group

Analyzed is the problem of motivation of senior school persons for participation in professionally oriented competitions. Relevance: modern seniors easily learn technical subjects, cope with management of most of latest gadgets, and require new (not standard, interesting for teenager) format in conduct of vocational guidance events, such as quests, intelligent games in the style of TV shows, et all. Such a format allows participant to “go beyond”, look at the future profession and educational process slightly from a different angle. Methodology and research methods: a non-standard competition acts as example of intellectual natural-scientific tournament Credo Medicus, and that is a system of face-to-face intellectual competitions for two months with a break of 7 days between its stages. Participants are seniors of general education institutions. At the end of tournament field study of motivation of 30 seniors-participants (16–17 years old) participate in competitions of professional orientation (experimental group), that was carried out by means of following tests: determination of professional tendencies; motive for choosing a profession. Results of the survey were compared to the responses of 30 seniors, who did not participate in the tournament. Results: the experimental group is dominated by internal socially significant motifs (4.4), which is 0.8 more than in the control group (p = 0.0008). And in the control group, there is prevalence of internal (3.68 and 3.64) motifs over external (2.56 and 2.76) motifs. Scientific novelty of the research: it was found, that participants of intellectual tournament are more prone to knowledge and intellectual activity. When choosing a profession, they are dominated by socially significant motives, the role of external positive motives is small, and the desire to be useful for society is significantly expressed, that is most typical for medical activities. Practical significance of the research: materials of the study can serve as demonstration of experience of introducing into vocational guidance work of university a new format of events, such as the open intellectual natural-scientific tournament Credo Medicus, that allows to assess motivational aspects of choice of the profession of doctor of future applicants, and already at the stage of school education to engage in targeted training of interested and gifted teenagers.

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The Influence of Teaching Vocabulary by Using Picture

10.18326/rgt.v1i2.159-168 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 159

Author(s):

Hanik Nuzulimah

Keyword(s):

Control Group ◽

First Year ◽

First Year Students ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Post Test ◽

The Subject ◽

And Control ◽

Data Analysis Result ◽

Experimental Group ◽

Better Than

This paper attempts to explore whether there is significant difference of achievement in vocabulary between students taught by using pictures and those are not. The subject of this study is the first year students of SLTP Muhammadiyah Simo Susukan, Semarang where the sample contains 50 students that is divided into experimental group (with treatment) and control group (without treatment). The data is gathered from participants’ score obtained from pre test and post test. Using t test as technique of data analysis, result shows that students taught by using pictures perform better than those are not. It means that there is significant difference between the two groups. Keywords: Vocabulary Teaching; Picture

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Translanguaging to enhance reading comprehension among first-year medical students

Translation and Translanguaging in Multilingual Contexts ◽

10.1075/ttmc.00081.mbi ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Vimbai Mbirimi-Hungwe

Keyword(s):

Reading Comprehension ◽

Turn Of The Century ◽

Control Group ◽

First Year ◽

Test Analysis ◽

Multilingual Students ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Multilingual Learning ◽

First Year Medical Students ◽

Experimental Group

Abstract Since the turn of the century there has been an increase in the use of translanguaging in multilingual learning contexts. Many researchers have shown how translanguaging enhances multilingual students’ ability to understand academic content. This experimental study provides empirical evidence that translanguaging can enhance reading comprehension. An experimental group and a control group were used to establish whether there was a significant difference between the performances of the two groups after reading an academic text. Using the t-test analysis, the results show a significant difference in the performance of the control group and the experimental group. These findings prompt us to conclude that translanguaging is an effective strategy that enhances reading comprehension.

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