scholarly journals Electrochemical Behavior of a Stainless Steel Superficially Modified with Nitrogen by Three-dimensional Ion Implantation

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. e85772
Author(s):  
Felipe Sanabria-Martínez ◽  
Ely Dannier Valbuena Niño ◽  
Leidy Silvana Chacón Velasco ◽  
Hugo Armando Estupiñán Duran
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Ion Implantation ◽  
Polarization Resistance ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Electrochemical Techniques ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Electrochemical Corrosion ◽  
Uniform Corrosion ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Aisi 420

Martensitic-grade stainless steels are widely used in diverse industrial and surgical applications, despite their natural tendency to suffer local and uniform corrosion when continuously exposed to aggressive operation conditions. In order to enhance their surface properties, this paper characterized the performance, in saline solutions, of AISI 420 stainless steel, which was surface-modified by three-dimensional ion implantation using electrochemical techniques. The surface of the samples was implanted with ionized nitrogen particles with an energy of 10 keV, varying the implantation time between 30 and 90 minutes. After the surface treatment, the samples were exposed to a NaCl 3% (w/w) aqueous solution for 21 days. Tafel extrapolation, linear polarization resistance, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy tests were performed, with the purpose of quantifying the effect of the ion implantation technique against electrochemical corrosion. To establish a comparison, the same tests were also performed on non-treated samples. The results indicated an increase in the corrosion potential, polarization resistance, and a decrease in the current density of implanted samples, thus demonstrating that, by delaying corrosive activity, traditional ion implantation offers better protection against electrochemical corrosion in AISI 420 stainless steel samples implanted with nitrogen.

scholarly journals Corrosion Resistance of AISI 316L Stainless Steel Biomaterial after Plasma Immersion Ion Implantation of Nitrogen

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (22) ◽  
pp. 6790
Author(s):  
Viera Zatkalíková ◽  
Juraj Halanda ◽  
Dušan Vaňa ◽  
Milan Uhríčik ◽  
Lenka Markovičová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Ion Implantation ◽  
316L Stainless Steel ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Aisi 316L ◽  
Corrosion Properties ◽  
Aisi 316L Stainless Steel ◽  
Plasma Immersion Ion Implantation

Plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII) of nitrogen is low-temperature surface technology which enables the improvement of tribological properties without a deterioration of the corrosion behavior of austenitic stainless steels. In this paper the corrosion properties of PIII-treated AISI 316L stainless steel surfaces are evaluated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic polarization (PP) and exposure immersion tests (all carried out in the 0.9 wt. % NaCl solution at 37 ± 0.5 °C) and compared with a non-treated surface. Results of the three performed independent corrosion tests consistently confirmed a significant increase in the corrosion resistance after two doses of PIII nitriding.

scholarly journals Corrosion of Mechanically Alloyed Nanostructured FeAl Intermetallic Powders

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Torres-Islas ◽  
C. Carachure ◽  
S. Serna ◽  
B. Campillo ◽  
G. Rosas
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Behavior ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Electrochemical Techniques ◽  
Corrosion Current ◽  
Test Time ◽  
Uniform Corrosion ◽  
Mechanically Alloyed ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Surface Corrosion ◽  
Electrochemical Testing

The corrosion behavior of the Fe40Al60nanostructured intermetallic composition was studied using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and linear polarization resistance (LPR) techniques with an innovative electrochemical cell arrangement. The Fe40Al60(% at) intermetallic composition was obtained by mechanical alloying using elemental powders of Fe (99.99%) and Al (99.99%). All electrochemical testing was carried out in Fe40Al60particles that were in water with different pH values. Temperature and test time were also varied. The experimental data was analyzed as an indicator of the monitoring of the particle corrosion current densityicorr. Different oxide types that were formed at surface particle were found. These oxides promote two types of surface corrosion mechanisms: (i) diffusion and (ii) charge transfer mechanisms, which are a function oficorrbehavior of the solution, pH, temperature, and test time. The intermetallic was characterized before and after each test by transmission electron microscopy. Furthermore, the results show that at the surface particles uniform corrosion takes place. These results confirm that it is possible to sense the nanoparticle corrosion behavior by EIS and LPR conventional electrochemical techniques.

Comparative Study of the Corrosion Behavior of Low-Nickel AISI 202 and Conventional AISI 304 Stainless Steels in Citric Acid Using Electrochemical Techniques

2016 ◽  
Vol 835 ◽  
pp. 131-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis Mulimbayan ◽  
Manolo G. Mena
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Corrosion Behavior ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Electrochemical Techniques ◽  
Corrosion Current ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Corrosion Mechanism ◽  
Protective Film ◽  
Aisi 304

Stainless steel (SS) is one of the most commonly used metallic food contact materials. It may be classified based on its microstructure whether ferritic, austenitic, martensitic, duplex or precipitation hardened. Austenitic SS, among mentioned grades, has the largest contribution to market due to its numerous industrial and domestic applications. In this study, the corrosion behavior of AISI 202 SS – a cheaper grade of stainless steel, in three different solution temperatures of citric acid was investigated using different electrochemical techniques such as open-circuit potential (OCP) measurements, potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results were compared to that obtained from conventional AISI 304 SS. OCP, polarization and impedance measurements agreed that AISI 202 SS has comparable resistance to that of AISI 304 SS in citric acid at ambient temperature and at 50 °C. At 70 °C, results of OCP measurements suggest that AISI 304 SS exhibited greater performance as indicated by more positive OCP values in the designated solution. EIS results indicate that the two alloys have identical corrosion resistance even at 70 °C as indicated by their comparable polarization resistance (Rp). The corrosion mechanism in both alloys is charge-transfer controlled as indicated by depressed semi-circular appearance of the generated Nyquist plots. The values of corrosion current densities (icorr) extracted from polarization curves indicate that the initial corrosion rates were higher in AISI 304 than AISI 202 SS suggesting that formation of more protective film may have occurred on the former alloy.

Electrochemical Investigation of the Effects of Acid Concentration and Dissolved Oxygen on the Corrosion Behavior of Austenitic Low-Nickel Stainless Steels in Citric Acid

2016 ◽  
Vol 835 ◽  
pp. 115-120
Author(s):  
Francis Mulimbayan ◽  
Manolo G. Mena
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Corrosion Behavior ◽  
Polarization Resistance ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Electrochemical Techniques ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Face Centered Cubic

All materials which are intended to have in contact with food and other commodities produced or processed for human consumption are called food contact materials (FCM’s). Stainless steel (SS) – a widely known metallic FCM is used mainly in processing equipment, containers and household utensils. It is known for having numerous industrial and domestic applications worldwide due to its special characteristics of having notable corrosion resistance. However, this corrosion resistance is not all-encompassing since SS may still undergo degradation when subjected to a specific corrosion-inducing environment. SS may be classified according to its microstructure. If the atoms which make up the SS can be viewed as having a face-centered cubic structure, then the alloy is said to be austenitic. This SS grades include the conventional 300-series and the newly-developed 200-series. The former has superior corrosion resistance while the latter is far cheaper. In this study, the corrosion behavior of AISI 202 SS in two different levels of dissolved oxygen (O2) and three acid concentrations was investigated using electrochemical techniques, namely, open-circuit potential (OCP) measurements and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). As the concentration of citric acid is increased, the measured OCP values of the alloy decreased and the polarization resistance (Rp) decreased, indicating decrease in alloy stability and decline in the corrosion resistance, respectively. With regards to effects of dissolved O2, results revealed that increasing the level of dissolved O2 has consequently increased the polarization resistance and shifted the OCP to more positive values. All the generated Nyquist plots exhibited a depressed capacitive loops indicating that corrosion in the designated solution occurred with charge transfer as the rate-determining step.

scholarly journals An Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopic Study of the Passive State on AISI 304 Stainless Steel

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Fattah-alhosseini ◽  
S. Taheri Shoja ◽  
B. Heydari Zebardast ◽  
P. Mohamadian Samim
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Acid Solution ◽  
Polarization Resistance ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Passive Films ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
Aisi 304 Stainless Steel ◽  
Aisi 304 ◽  
Interfacial Impedance

The passivity and protective nature of the passive films are essentially related to ionic and electronic transport processes, which are controlled by the optical and electronic properties of passive films. In this study, the electrochemical behavior of passive films anodically formed on AISI 304 stainless steel in sulfuric acid solution has been examined using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. AISI 304 in sulphuric acid solution is characterized by high interfacial impedance, thereby illustrating its high corrosion resistance. Results showed that the interfacial impedance and the polarization resistance () initially increase with applied potential, within the low potential passive. However, at a sufficiently high potential passive ( V), the interfacial impedance and the polarization resistance decrease with increasing potential. An electrical equivalent circuit based on the impedance analysis, which describes the behavior of the passive film on stainless steel more satisfactorily than the proposed models, is presented.

scholarly journals An Electrochemical Impedance Study of AISI 321 Stainless Steel in 0.5 M H2SO4

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
A. Fattah-Alhosseini ◽  
M. Mosavi ◽  
A. Allahdadi
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Polarization Resistance ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Electrical Circuit ◽  
Defect Model ◽  
Impedance Data ◽  
Resistance Decrease ◽  
Aisi 321 ◽  
Equivalent Electrical Circuit Model ◽  
Interfacial Impedance

The electrochemical behavior of passive films formed on AISI 321 has been examined using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. AISI 321 is characterized by high interfacial impedance, thereby illustrating its high corrosion resistance. Results showed that the interfacial impedance and the polarization resistance initially increase with applied potential, within the low potential. However, at a sufficiently high potential ( V), the interfacial impedance and the polarization resistance decrease with increasing potential. The impedance data were adequately represented by an equivalent electrical circuit model based on point defect model, which described the behavior of the passive film on stainless steel more satisfactorily than the proposed models.

Kinetics of Passive Film Growth on 304 Stainless Steel in H2SO4 Pickling Solution under Chemical Oxidation

CORROSION ◽  
10.5006/2680 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 705-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingying Yue ◽  
Chengjun Liu ◽  
Edouard Asselin ◽  
Peiyang Shi ◽  
Maofa Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Passive Film ◽  
Polarization Resistance ◽  
Film Growth ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
Passive Film Growth ◽  
Kinetics Of

H2SO4-H2O2 mixtures are a promising and environmentally friendly passivation medium for the stainless-steel pickling process. The corrosion behavior of stainless steel is highly dependent on the kinetics of passive film growth. Long-term electrochemical measurements, including polarization resistance, open circuit potential (OCP), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements were performed to investigate the evolution of the passive state of 304 stainless steel. According to the OCP results, an active-passive transition takes place in 10 ks in 0.5 M H2SO4 solution containing 0.005 M to 0.3 M H2O2. Polarization resistance results indicate that the passive film thickness keeps growing after OCP stabilization in the presence of H2O2. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) results confirmed that the growth of the passive film in H2SO4-H2O2 solutions takes about 9 h. Additionally, according to the Point Defect Model (PDM) and Mott–Schottky analysis, the semiconductor properties of the passive film on 304 stainless steel in H2SO4-H2O2 solution were studied. The results indicate that the passive film is an n-type semiconductor. The donor density is in the range of 1.6 × 10−21 cm−3 to 24 and decreases exponentially with increasing film formation potential (this potential coincides with the final OCP in the corresponding H2SO4-H2O2 solutions). By postulating that most donors are oxygen vacancies, the point defect properties including diffusivity and electrical field strength are obtained.

Electrochemical investigation of the corrosion inhibition mechanism of Tectona grandis leaf extract for SS304 stainless steel in hydrochloric acid

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumithra Kadapparambil ◽  
Kavita Yadav ◽  
Manivannan Ramachandran ◽  
Noyel Victoria Selvam
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Metal Surface ◽  
Potentiodynamic Polarization ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Electrochemical Techniques ◽  
Standard Free Energy ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Inhibition Mechanism

AbstractThe use of Tectona grandis leaf extract as a green corrosion inhibitor for stainless steel 304 (SS304) in 2 m hydrochloric acid was investigated using electrochemical techniques. Potentiodynamic polarization studies with different inhibitor concentrations showed that the inhibitor is of mixed type, which works by affecting both cathodic and anodic reactions. Adsorption analysis using the potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy runs result in standard free energy of adsorption values between −20 kJ mol−1 and −40 kJ mol−1, indicating a comprehensive adsorption, which is a mixture of both physisorption and chemisorptions processes. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy studies show the appearance of new peaks and shift in peak positions at some locations with the use of an inhibitor, which indicates the interaction between the inhibitor molecules and metal surface. Contact angle analysis indicates the formation of hydrophobic film on the metal surface.

scholarly journals Corrosion and Corrosion Inhibition of High Strength Low Alloy Steel in 2.0 M Sulfuric Acid Solutions by 3-Amino-1,2,3-triazole as a Corrosion Inhibitor

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
El-Sayed M. Sherif ◽  
Adel Taha Abbas ◽  
D. Gopi ◽  
A. M. El-Shamy
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Corrosion Inhibition ◽  
Polarization Resistance ◽  
Immersion Time ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Hsla Steel ◽  
Electrochemical Techniques ◽  
High Strength ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sulfuric Acid Solutions

The corrosion and corrosion inhibition of high strength low alloy (HSLA) steel after 10 min and 60 min immersion in 2.0 M H2SO4solution by 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (ATA) were reported. Several electrochemical techniques along with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDS) were employed. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy indicated that the increase of immersion time from 10 min to 60 min significantly decreased both the solution and polarization resistance for the steel in the sulfuric acid solution. The increase of immersion time increased the anodic, cathodic, and corrosion currents, while it decreased the polarization resistance as indicated by the potentiodynamic polarization measurements. The addition of 1.0 mM ATA remarkably decreased the corrosion of the steel and this effect was found to increase with increasing its concentration to 5.0 mM. SEM and EDS investigations confirmed that the inhibition of the HSLA steel in the 2.0 M H2SO4solutions is achieved via the adsorption of the ATA molecules onto the steel protecting its surface from being dissolved easily.

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