Anisotropic growth morphology and platelet formation in large grain Y–Ba–Cu–O grown by seeded peritectic solidification

1998 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1141-1146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wai Lo ◽  
D. A. Cardwell ◽  
J. C. L. Chow
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Detailed Comparison ◽  
Growth Front ◽  
Microstructural Feature ◽  
Regular Growth ◽  
Anisotropic Growth ◽  
Growth Morphology ◽  
Peritectic Solidification ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Platelet Formation

The characteristic platelet-like structure of large grain superconducting Y–Ba–Cu–O fabricated using peritectic solidification techniques has been documented widely as a key microstructural feature of this material. The platelet formation mechanism is investigated via a detailed comparison of the difference in morphology of YBa2Cu3O7–δ (123) growth fronts propagating along different lattice directions. The development of YBa2Cu3O7–δ dendrites between the growth front and local Y2BaCuO5 (211) particles is observed to be a key feature of the growth mechanism along all directions. Dendrites broaden rapidly for growth fronts propagating along the c-axis due to the enhanced growth rate of Y–Ba–Cu–O in the a-b plane to yield a uniform, regular growth morphology. Dendrite broadening is inhibited for grain growth along the a-b directions, however, due to the slower growth rate along the c-axis, which yields an irregular extended growth front. Growth along the a/b direction commonly results in the formation of regions consisting of 123 dendrites which may connect 211 particles. Continued solidification of the 123 phase in such regions results in the development of platelet structures perpendicular to the crystallographic c-axis in the YBa2Cu3O7–δ phase matrix which may impede the flow of current through the grain in the superconducting state.

A Model of Wheat Grain Growth and Its Applications to Different Temperature and Carbon Dioxide Levels

1995 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 843 ◽  
Author(s):  
YP Wang ◽  
RM Gifford
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Grain Growth ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Rate Sensitivity ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Potential Growth ◽  
Carbon Supply ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Levels ◽  
Kernel Growth

Kernel growth after anthesis is simulated as a function of the potential kernel growth rate, current photosynthate production and mobilisation of stored reserves. The potential growth rate of the kernel is simulated as two temperature-sensitive processes, cell production and cell growth. The difference between the potential and actual growth rates of the kernel depends on the carbon supply to the free space of the kernel endosperm, while the carbon supply is itself affected by the actual kernel growth rate. Sensitivity analysis showed that the growth rate of the grain per plant is most sensitive to the potential growth rate of the kernel and number of kernels per plant. This model is able to simulate the observed rates of grain growth and leaf senescence from anthesis to physiological maturity for wheat plants grown in two CO2 concentrations. The simulated temperature response of grain growth agrees well with the experimenal observations.

Combined Experimental and CFD Study of a HP Blade Multi-Pass Cooling System

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Jackson ◽  
P. Ireland ◽  
B. Cheong
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Film Cooling ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Detailed Comparison ◽  
Bulk Temperature ◽  
Internal Cooling ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Turbine Cooling ◽  
Cooling Hole ◽  
The Difference

Progress in the computing power available for CFD predictions now means that full geometry, 3 dimensional predictions are now routinely used in internal cooling system design. This paper reports recent work at Rolls-Royce which has compared the flow and htc predictions in a modern HP turbine cooling system to experiments. The triple pass cooling system includes film cooling vents and inclined ribs. The high resolution heat transfer experiments show that different cooling performance features are predicted with different levels of fidelity by the CFD. The research also revealed the sensitivity of the prediction to accurate modelling of the film cooling hole discharge coefficients and a detailed comparison of the authors’ computer predictions to data available in the literature is reported. Mixed bulk temperature is frequently used in the determination of heat transfer coefficient from experimental data. The current CFD data is used to compare the mixed bulk temperature to the duct centreline temperature. The latter is measured experimentally and the effect of the difference between mixed bulk and centreline temperature is considered in detail.

scholarly journals Features of body weight growth in meat breeds heifers

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Oseredchuk ◽  
N. P. Babik ◽  
V. V. Fedorovych ◽  
E. I. Fedorovych ◽  
V. R. Dutka
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Body Weight Changes ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Weight Growth ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Tension Increase ◽  
Better Than

The data on the dynamics of body weight changes, absolute and average daily gains, frequency rate of increase in body weight, relative growth rate and intensity of body weight growth of Limousine and Volyn Meat breeds heifers. Both studied breeds characterized by different body weight at different age periods. Newborn Limousine breed heifers are weighed 2,7 kg more (P < 0.05) than Volyn Meat breed heifers; at 3 months age the difference was 8.5 kg (P < 0.05) at 6 months – 14.6 kg, at 9 month – 20.8 kg (P < 0.05), at 12 months – 25,6 kg (P < 0.05), at 15–months – 31.9 (P<0,05), and at 18 months – 23.5 kg. Total and average daily gains in animals of both breeds were the highest for a period of 3 to 6 months of age. In the period from birth to 15 months of age preference for average daily gains were in Limousine, however, the difference was statistically significant only for the period of 0 – 3 months and amounted to 63,9 g (P < 0,05). From 15 to 18 months of age Limousine slightly conceded to Volyn Meat breeds on this parameter. In animals of both breeds magnification of body weight increased with age, but over the entire period (from birth to 18 months) this parameter in Volyn Meat heifers was 0.6 times better than Limousine heifers. The coefficients of relative intensity and tension increase of body weight in animals of both breeds were highest in the period from birth to 3 months of age. With age, these indicators declined. Mainly, the advantage was in Volyn meat breed heifers, but the difference was not statistically significant.

scholarly journals Pemberian Enzim Lignosellulosa Dalam Pakan Buatan Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Tingkat Kelulushidupan Benih Ikan Gurami (Osphronemus gouramy Lac.) [The Granting Of An Enzyme Lignosellulosa In Feed Artificial On The Growth And The Survival Rate Seed Gourami (Osphronemus gouramy Lac.) ]

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Muhammad Yusuf Akbar, Agustono, Rahayu Kusdarwat
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Water Quality Data ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Range Test

Abstract Gurami having economic values of. Have abundance, namely able in waters with its oxygen relatively low. Belong to the species of carnivorous herbs herbivora. Unprofitableness is eat feed derived from herbs with content nutrition relatively low compared to animals, so it impact on its growth slow, easly diseases, easly stress, hard eat and SR low. The purpose of this research isto know the addition of enzyme lignosellulase in artificialfeedincreased growth and increased survival rate seed gourami. Method research used is experimental with delightful random complete (RAL) with five treatment and four deuterenomy. The treatment used were : control (A), enzyme 550ml (B), enzyme 600ml (C), enzyme 650ml (D), and enzyme 750ml(E). The main parameters measured were growth rate, and survival rate. The supporting parameters observedwas water quality. Data analysis used analysis of variance (ANOVA) to know the effect of the treatments.To know the difference among treatments used Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The result showed that the provision of enzymes give a real power (p<0.01) against growth rate daily and growth long absolute gourami (Osphronemus gouramy) To survival rate and feed conversion ratio gourami give impact which is not dissimilar real. Growth best on treatment E (0.0214), then successive followed by treatment D (0.0174), C (0.015), B (0.0142) and A (0.0128). Conversion ratio feed on all treatment e 10,415, that is, e then successive followed by treatment d (12,915), c (14,3975), b (15,6375) and a (17,5325). Survival rate obtained 100%. Water quality media maintenance gourami is temperature 26ºC - 29ºC, pH 7 – 8, oxygen dissolved 3.5 – 5 mg/l and ammonia 0.004 – 0.005 mg/l.

Factors Influencing the Rate and Duration of Grain Filling in Wheat

1977 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 785 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Sofield ◽  
LT Evans ◽  
MG Cook ◽  
IF Wardlaw
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Grain Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Close Relation ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Lag Period ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Leaf Photosynthetic Rate

Controlled-environment conditions were used to examine the effects of cultivar and of temperature and illuminance after anthesis on grain setting and on the duration and rate of grain growth. After an initial lag period, which did not differ greatly between cultivars, grain dry weight increased linearly under most conditions until final grain weight was approached. Growth rate per grain depended on floret position within the ear, varied between cultivars (those with larger grains at maturity having a faster rate), and increased with rise in temperature. With cultivars in which grain number per ear was markedly affected by illuminance, light had relatively little effect on growth rate per grain. With those in which grain number was less affected by illuminance, growth rate per grain was highly responsive to it, especially in the more distal florets. In both cases there was a close relation between leaf photosynthetic rate as influenced by illuminance, the rate of grain growth per ear, and final grain yield per ear. The duration of linear grain growth, on the other hand, was scarcely influenced by illuminance, but was greatly reduced as temperature rose, with pronounced effects on grain yield per ear. Cultivars differed to some extent in their duration of linear growth, but these differences accounted for less of the difference in final weight per grain than did those in rate of grain growth. Under most conditions the cessation of grain growth did not appear to be due to lack of assimilates.

Studies in beef production I. The effects of level of feeding and of breed on the growth and fattening of spring born cattle

1959 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Brookes ◽  
John Hodges
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Marked Improvement ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Moderate Level ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Beef Industry ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
High Level

1. The sources of calves for rearing for beef are discussed and the dependence of the beef industry upon the dairy industry demonstrated.2. An experiment designed to compare the effects of four levels of feeding on the growth rate, conformation, economy of food conversion and type of carcase produced, of three breeds of spring-born steers, Hereford, Dairy Shorthorn and Friesian, is described. The levels of feeding are high or moderate in the calf stage, each followed by high or moderate feeding in subsequent winters.3. The results on growth and time of fattening are given and discussed.4. The calves fed on a high level were almost twice the weight of those fed on a moderate level at 8 months old.5. The well-reared calf had an advantage over the moderately reared calf for the rest of its life.6. Although calves which had been reared moderately showed a marked improvement in growth rate when subsequently fed on a higher level they did not reach the weight of calves fed well throughout at 2 years old.7. The level of feeding in the calf stage had little effect upon the time of fattening provided that the level of feeding in the winter periods of subsequent life was on a high level.8. When subsequent feeding was on a moderate level in the winter months, the calf reared well initially fattened on grass a year earlier than the moderately reared animal.9. The high-moderate treatment is shown to be the most satisfactory from many points of view. On this treatment a minimum of concentrates is used in the production of beef.10. The moderate-moderate cattle may be too heavy for present-day requirements when finished off grass at 3½ years old.11. Cattle which were fed on a high level in winter from 8 to 14 months put on less live weight in the following summer than those fed moderately. A live-weight gain of about 1 lb. a day in winter would appear to be satisfactory if the cattle are to make good use of grass in the following summer.12. These main feeding treatment effects applied to the three breeds used.13. The Friesians were heavier than Dairy Shorthorns or Herefords as calves, and the live weight at most ages was in descending order Friesians, Dairy Shorthorns, Herefords.14. The growth rate of Friesian steers was higher than that of the other two breeds at most stages of life, but the difference between Dairy Shorthorns and Herefords was negligible.15. The Herefords finished earlier than the Dairy Shorthorns and Friesians when fattened in yards or on grass.16. There was some indication (Brookes, 1954) that husk and ringworm caused less trouble with cattle which had been well reared than with those moderately reared.

The Relative Growth of Parts in Palaemon Carcinus

1930 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-174
Author(s):  
M. A. TAZELAAR
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Relative Growth Rates ◽  
Rate Of Growth ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Rates Of Growth

Linear measurements of certain appendages and the carapace of P. carcinus were made and plotted in various ways. The following conclusions were drawn: 1. The cheliped shows heterogonic growth in both male and female, but more markedly in the male, the values of k being: male 1.8 and female 1.48 2. The pereiopods in both male and female are slightly heterogonic. The relative growth rates are graded from p3 to p5, that of p3 being slightly greater than that of p5 3. Of the ordinary pereiopods the rate of growth of p1 is the smallest in the male, but the largest in the female. 4. The difference between the rates of growth of p1 and p3 in male and female is greatest where the rate of growth in the heterogonic organ, the cheliped, is most excessive in the male. 5. The growth of the 3rd maxilliped is slightly negatively heterogonic, the value of k in the male being 0.93 and in the female 0.95. Hence there seems to be a correlation between the marked heterogony in the cheliped on the growth rate of neighbouring appendages. In those immediately posterior to the cheliped the growth rate is increased and in those anterior decreased.

A New Multiparametric Classification in Lung Cancer Patients - S.M.I.G.

1983 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 437-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Modini ◽  
Mario Albertucci ◽  
Franco Cicconetti ◽  
Donatella Tirindelli Danesi ◽  
Renzo Cristiani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Tnm System ◽  
Lung Cancer Patients ◽  
The Difference

The classification of bronchogenic carcinoma as a function of the prognosis is still an open field. The evaluation of stage, by use of the TNM system, and histologic cell type is not sufficient to guarantee a correct prognosis. The growth rate of the neoplasm is another important parameter. We propose a classification that takes into account the stage (S), histologic cell type (M), immune status (I) and the growth rate of the primary tumor (G): S.M.I.G. We studied 90 lung cancer patients according to the S.M.I.G. classification and we observed that their prognoses were directly correlated with their S.M.I.G. scores (the higher the score, the higher the 10-month mortality rate). The mortality rates within the first 10 months of follow-up were respectively 0%, 0%, 36.36%, 68%, 90.9% for the 5 groups obtained by S.M.I.G. The difference is statistically significant (P < 0.0075) and there is a linear correlation between the mortality rate and the score assigned to each group (R = 0.943; P < 0.05). The S.M.I.G. classification can predict the prognosis more efficiently than the usual classification (TNM) and histological cell type.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Detection of Selection Signatures in Duroc Revealed Candidate Genes Relating to Growth and Meat Quality

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3765-3773
Author(s):  
Jian Yu ◽  
Pengju Zhao ◽  
Xianrui Zheng ◽  
Lei Zhou ◽  
Chuduan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Artificial Selection ◽  
Fast Growth ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Selection Signatures ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Pig Genome ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Fast Growth Rate

With the development of high-throughput genotyping techniques, selection signatures in the genome of domestic pigs have been extensively interrogated in the last decade. The Duroc, a major commercial pig breed famous for its fast growth rate and high lean ratio, has not been extensively studied focusing on footprints of intensively artificial selection in their genomes by a lot of re-sequencing data. The goal of this study was to investigate genomic regions under artificial selection and their contribution to the unique phenotypic traits of the Duroc using whole-genome resequencing data from 97 pigs. Three complementary methods (di, CLR, and iHH12) were implemented for selection signature detection. In Total, 464 significant candidate regions were identified, which covered 46.4 Mb of the pig genome. Within the identified regions, 709 genes were annotated, including 600 candidate protein-coding genes (486 functionally annotated genes) and 109 lncRNA genes. Genes undergoing selective pressure were significantly enriched in the insulin resistance signaling pathway, which may partly explain the difference between the Duroc and other breeds in terms of growth rate. The selection signatures identified in the Duroc population demonstrated positive pressures on a set of important genes with potential functions that are involved in many biological processes. The results provide new insights into the genetic mechanisms of fast growth rate and high lean mass, and further facilitate follow-up studies on functional genes that contribute to the Duroc’s excellent phenotypic traits.

The relationship between parasite load, crawling behaviour, and growth rate of Macoma balthica (L.) (Mollusca, Pelecypoda) from Hudson Bay, Canada

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 2202-2208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirley S. L. Lim ◽  
Roger H. Green
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Macoma Balthica ◽  
High Tide ◽  
Somatic Growth ◽  
Parasite Load ◽  
Final Host ◽  
Hudson Bay ◽  
Tidal Level ◽  
Annual Growth Rings ◽  
The Difference

At ebb tide Macoma balthica makes crawling tracks on the intertidal sand flats near Churchill, Manitoba, on Hudson Bay. Clams from two tidal levels, mean low water and 1.0 m above mean low water, were sampled to compare the parasite load and growth rate of crawling versus buried Macoma. For each clam the number of trematode metacercariae present were counted and the growth rate was determined by the measurement of annual growth rings. Clams were infected by more metacercariae at the higher than at the lower tidal level, larger clams more than smaller ones and crawling clams more than buried ones. Increased exposure of the clams at the higher tidal level to shorebirds, the final host of the trematodes, is proposed as the reason for the difference in parasite load between the tide levels. High-tide clams (more parasitized) grew faster than low-tide ones (less parasitized), and crawlers (more parasitized) grew faster than the buried (less parasitized) clams. Enhanced somatic growth as a result of parasitic castration is proposed to be the most logical explanation to account for the faster growth of the parasitized clams.

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