Effect of Cooling Rate on the Tensile Yield Strength and Ductility Of B2 Compound in Nb-40at.% Ti-15at.%Al Alloy

1993 ◽  
Vol 322 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.-H. Hou ◽  
H.L. Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Cooling Rate ◽  
Heat Treatments ◽  
Water Quenching ◽  
Tensile Yield Strength ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Al Alloy ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
The Difference

AbstractThe effect of cooling rate on the tensile properties of specimens of the Nb-40Ti-15A1 alloy (in at.%) subjected to various heat treatments has been studied. This alloy has the B2 crystal structure and an order-disorder transition temperature between 1020°C and 1100°C. Two heat treatments have been carried out; the first one involves an 1100°C/1hr heat treatment followed by furnace cooling, air cooling or water quenching. The second type of heat treatment involves re-heating the furnace-cooled and water-quenched specimens at 400°C for 10 minutes or 900°C for 30 minutes, followed by either furnace cooling or water quenching. Tensile properties, SEM fractographs and microstructures of these specimens have been assessed. It is shown that specimens furnace-cooled from 1100°C have higher strength and less ductility than the water quenched ones. An observed microstructural feature associated with cooling rates is the difference in anti-phase domain (APD) size. Discussions are focused on possible cooling rate related phenomena that could affect the tensile properties. It is proposed that the degree of long range ordering, not the APD size, is the dominant factor for the observed cooling rate effect on the tensile properties.

scholarly journals Precipitation during Quenching in 2A97 Aluminum Alloy and the Influences from Grain Structure

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 2802
Author(s):  
Xiaoya Wang ◽  
Jiantang Jiang ◽  
Guoai Li ◽  
Wenzhu Shao ◽  
Liang Zhen
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Grain Structure ◽  
Water Quenching ◽  
Al Alloy ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Quenching Rate ◽  
Subsequent Aging ◽  
Nucleation Sites ◽  
Aging Response ◽  
Δ Phase

The quench-induced precipitation and subsequent aging response in 2A97 aluminum alloy was investigated based on the systematic microstructure characterization. Specifically, the influence on precipitation from grain structure was examined. The results indicated the evident influence from the cooling rate of the quenching process. Precipitation of T1 and δ′ phase can hardly occur in the specimen exposed to water quenching while become noticeable in the case of air cooling. The yield strength of 2A97-T6 alloy de-graded by 234 MPa along with a comparable elongation when water quenching was replaced by air cooling. Sub-grains exhibited a much higher sensitivity to the precipitation during quenching. The presence of dislocations in sub-grains promoted the quench-induced precipitation by acting as nucleation sites and enhancing the diffusion of the solute. A quenching rate of 3 °C/s is tolerable for recrystallized grains in 2A97 Al alloy but is inadequate for sub-grains to inhibit precipitation. The study fosters the feasibility of alleviating quench-induced precipitation through cultivating the recrystallization structure in highly alloyed Al–Cu–Li alloys.

Effect of Heat Treatment Conditions on Microstructure and Fracture Toughness of a Cast Ti-Al Alloy

2007 ◽  
Vol 26-28 ◽  
pp. 189-192
Author(s):  
Tae Kwon Ha ◽  
Jae Young Jung
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
High Purity ◽  
Vacuum Arc ◽  
Al Alloy ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Arc Melting ◽  
Vacuum Arc Melting ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Heat Treated

Ti-45.5Al-2Cr-4Nb-0.4B alloy was cast by vacuum arc melting at high purity Ar atmosphere using high purity sponge Ti, granular Al (99.99%), flake Nb (99.9%), lump Cr (99.9%) and TiB2 (99.5%) and subsequently heat-treated to obtain a couple of microstructures, i.e. lamellar and near γ. The heat treatment consisted of annealing at a high temperature (1200 ~ 1330oC) of different phase fields for 24 hrs and stabilizing at 900oC for 4 hrs followed by air cooling. Fracture toughness was measured on the specimens with different microstructures at room temperature. The value of KQ of specimen with fully lamella structure was obtained as 18.68 MPa √m, much higher than that of specimen with near γ structure (11.84 MPa √m). It was also revealed that the KQ value was decreased as the annealing temperature decreased.

The T5 Heat Treatment of Semi-Solid Metal Processed Aluminium Alloy F357

2009 ◽  
Vol 618-619 ◽  
pp. 365-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heinrich Möller ◽  
Gonasagren Govender ◽  
Waldo Stumpf
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Aluminium Alloy ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Cooling Rate ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Artificial Aging ◽  
Natural Aging ◽  
Solid Metal ◽  
Semi Solid

The T5 heat treatment of semi-solid metal (SSM) processed alloy F357 was investigated by considering the effects of cooling rate and natural aging after casting, as well as artificial aging parameters on tensile properties. In addition, the tensile properties of SSM-HPDC F357 in different temper conditions (F, T4, T5 and T6) are compared. The Quality Index (QI) is used to compare the influence of different T5 heat treatment parameters and different temper conditions.

DOCOL 1400 MZE

Alloy Digest ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Martensitic Steel ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Water Quenching ◽  
Continuous Annealing ◽  
Bend Strength

Abstract DOCOL 1400 MZE is a cold reduced fully martensitic steel. Docol M steels are manufactured using special heat treatment in a continuous annealing line. The ultra high strength is produced by extremely fast water quenching from an elevated austenitic temperature range. Docol M grades are characterized by good formability at these high strength levels combined with good weldability. All conventional welding methods can be used due to the lean chemical composition. The ZE suffix in the title signifies that is electrogalvanized. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, tensile properties, and bend strength. It also includes information on forming and surface treatment. Filing Code: SA-689. Producer or source: SSAB Swedish Steel Inc..

DOCOL 1200 MZE

Alloy Digest ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Water Quenching ◽  
Continuous Annealing ◽  
Martensitic Steels ◽  
Temperature Range

Abstract Docol M are cold reduced fully martensitic steels. These steels are manufactured using special heat treatment in a continuous annealing line. The ultra high strength is produced by extremely fast water quenching from an elevated austenitic temperature range. Docol M grades are characterized by good formability at these high-strength levels combined with good weldability. All conventional welding methods can be used due to the lean chemical composition. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, and tensile properties. It also includes information on forming. Filing Code: SA-687. Producer or source: SSAB Swedish Steel Inc..

Microstructural Evolution Of LPBF AlSiMg – Effect Of Water Quenching Vs Furnace Cooling Vs Direct Aging

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dheepa Srinivasan ◽  
Dayananda Narayana
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Heat Treatments ◽  
Water Quenching ◽  
Powder Bed ◽  
Part Geometry ◽  
Stress Relieving ◽  
Direct Aging ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Lower Elongation

Abstract The heat treatment response of AlSi10Mg via laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) has been studied via detailed microstructural characterization. The effect of solutioning (S) and water quenching (WQ) vs furnace cooling (FC), and direct aging (DA) vs solutioning and aging (SA), has been analysed, for microstructure and tensile properties. 11 heat treatments were carried out to map the partitioning of Si, starting with stress relieving at 200 °C vs 300 °C, followed by solution heat treatment at 430°C vs 530 °C, water quenching vs furnace cooling, aging at 160 °C vs direct aging at 160 °C, to establish the microstructure of LPBF AlSi10Mg alloys for potential applications. The microstructure at 430 °C and 530 °C shows Si precipitate fractions of 25% and 14%, respectively. Room temperature mechanical properties, revealed the 300 °C, 2 h stress relieved sample with the highest strength and ductility (YS of 230 MPa and 16%). At 430 °C, both water quenching and furnace cooling showed similar strengths and 16% elongation, while at 530 °C, there was a much lower elongation (8–9%) with the T6 (53 °C, WQ, SA) showing higher strength and elongation. This study brings out the importance of being able to choose the heat treatments suitable to AlSiMg part geometry, via LPBF additive manufacturing for various applications.

Effect of Electrical Current on Cold Work in Aluminum 2024

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek Shaffer ◽  
Sean Sehman ◽  
Ihab Ragai ◽  
John T. Roth ◽  
Bin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Cold Work ◽  
Electrical Current ◽  
Material Microstructure ◽  
Expected Effect ◽  
The Difference

Many manufacturers are looking towards electrical treatments as methods for reducing residual stresses in formed metals. Although many people have investigated the effects electricity has on residual stresses and plasticity, there has not been research investigating the effects it has as a post-treatment on strain hardening. Therefore, the goal of this research is to show the permanent changes in tensile properties that electrical treatments have on strain hardened metals, specifically Aluminum 2024. For this initial investigation, only one pulse duration and current density was used to categorize any changes in the metals due to applying electric current. This testing shows the difference between post-deformation heat treatments and post-deformation electrical treatments. Tensile properties of Aluminum 2024 were used to gauge the changes caused by the treatments. The heat treatment had the expected effect of lower the strength of the material and regrowing the grains while the electrical treatment did not seem to drastically change the structure of the grains, but still lowered the strength of the material. Microstructure investigations also showed that the material does in fact show slight changes in material properties, but no drastic changes in microstructure. These images also show that the regrowth from the heat treatment is clearly the reason for the decrease in strength.

Influence of Ageing Treatments on Stress Rupture Properties of Ni3Al-Base Single-Crystal Alloy IC21 at 850°C

2013 ◽  
Vol 747-748 ◽  
pp. 659-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Li ◽  
Fu Lin Li ◽  
Shu Suo Li ◽  
Heng Zhang ◽  
Sheng Kai Gong
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Rupture Life ◽  
Stress Rupture ◽  
Heat Treatments ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Single Crystal Alloy ◽  
Stress Rupture Properties ◽  
Microstructure Examination ◽  
Rupture Properties

The influence of three different ageing treatments (R1:1100/2h,air cooling+870/32h,air cooling, R2: 870/32h,air cooling and R3: 1060/2h,air cooling+870/32h,air cooling) on stress rupture properties of Ni3Al-base single-crystal alloy IC21 was investigated. The results indicate that ageing heat treatments have obvious effects on stress rupture properties of IC21 at 850/500Mpa. After R3 ageing treatment, IC21 alloy presents the longest rupture life and the smallest ellipticity and elongation compared to those after the other two ageing treatments. Microstructure examination shows that the mean size of γ precipitate is about 0.44μm after R3 ageing heat treatment (1060/2h, ac + 870/32h, ac). Transmission electron microscope (TEM) study on the rupture samples illustrates that after R1 and R2 ageing heat treatments, the density of stacking faults increases and the length is larger compared to that after R3 heat treatment. Meanwhile the shearings of γ precipitates are more severe. The appropriate γ phase size and γ channel width after R3 treatment promote homogenous deformation by <110>{111} slip in the matrix, and facilitate the formation of finer dislocation networks on the γ/γ interface, which can restrain the shearing of γ phase by dislocations.

Microstructure and Tensile Ductility of a Ti-43Al-4Nb-1Mo-0.1B Alloy

2008 ◽  
Vol 1128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura M. Droessler ◽  
Thomas Schmoelzer ◽  
Wilfried Wallgram ◽  
Limei Cha ◽  
Gopal Das ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Thermodynamic Equilibrium ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Tensile Ductility ◽  
Heat Treatments ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
B2 Phase ◽  
Treatment Step ◽  
Heat Treatment Step

AbstractThe microstructural development of a forged Ti-43Al-4Nb-1Mo-0.1B (in at%) alloy during two-step heat-treatments was investigated and its impact on the tensile ductility at room temperature was analyzed. The investigated material, a so-called TNM™ gamma alloy, solidifies via the β-route, exhibits an adjustable β/B2-phase volume fraction and can be forged under near conventional conditions. Post-forging heat-treatments can be applied to achieve moderate to near zero volume fractions of β/B2-phase allowing for a controlled adjustment of the mechanical properties. The first step of the heat-treatment minimizes the β/B2-phase and adjusts the size of the α-grains, which are a precursor to the lamellar γ/α2-colonies. However, due to air cooling after the first annealing step, the resulting microstructure is far from thermodynamic equilibrium. Therefore, a second heat-treatment step is conducted below the eutectoid temperature which brings the microstructural constituents closer to thermodynamic equilibrium. It was found that temperature and duration of the second heat-treatment step critically affect the solid-state phase transformations and, thus, control the plastic fracture strain at room temperature. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy studies as well as hardness tests have been conducted to characterize the multi-phase microstructure and to study its correlation to the observed room temperature ductility.

Effect of Heat Treatment on the Properties of Inconel X-750

2005 ◽  
Vol 297-300 ◽  
pp. 1220-1222
Author(s):  
Shi Chang Cheng ◽  
Zhao Jie Lin ◽  
Gang Yang ◽  
Zheng Dong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Solid Solution ◽  
Impact Toughness ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Solution Treatment ◽  
Heat Treatments ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Solid Solution Treatment ◽  
Different Temperatures

The authors experimentally investigated the change of mechanical properties of Inconel X-750 alloy under various heat treatments. For the selected specimens, solid solution treatment under different temperatures was carried out, followed air cooling or furnace cooling. Results show that suitable solid solution treatment and air cooling enhances the strength, plasticity, impact toughness at room temperature of the alloy and lowers the hardness of the alloy at room temperature.

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