scholarly journals GROWTH AND EARLY REPRODUCTION DEVELOPMENT OF THE FIRST GENERATION OF SHEATFISH, Ompok miostoma (Vaillant, 1902) REARED IN CONTROLLED CONCRETE TANKS

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Rudhy Gustiano ◽  
Vitas Atmadi Prakoso ◽  
Kurniawan Kurniawan ◽  
Wahyulia Cahyanti
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Gonad Development ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Weight Growth ◽  
Gonadal Maturity ◽  
Level I ◽  
Measured Water

This study was conducted to observe the growth and reproductive biology of wild sheatfish in controlled concrete tanks. The research was carried out from January to November 2020 at the Research Station for Freshwater Fisheries Germplasm, Cijeruk, Bogor. Sampled fish were captured from Cilala Lake in Bogor and Cipanas River in Sumedang, West Java. The collected fish were 14.6 ± 2.24 cm in length and 21.5 ± 9.19 g in weight. Growth and reproductive biology parameters were measured every 30 days. Cortisol, estradiol, vitellogenin, testosterone, glucose, and hemoglobin were also determined as the supporting parameters for gonadal maturity. Measured water quality parameters were temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, ammonia, and alkalinity. The results showed that sheatfish grew with a specific growth rate of 0.4 ± 0.15%/day, FCR of 3.2 ± 0.26, and survival rate of 100%. Observation on the gonad maturity found that the fish studied were in the level-I and II. There are no significant differences regarding the supporting parameters (P>0.05) on the fish examined, despite the tendency of decreasing cortisol, and increasing testosterone. Based on the results, this study concludes that the observed fish can adapt, grow, and start to mature their gonads in their new environment, with temperature as one of the possible key factors influencing its gonad development.

scholarly journals Modeling of trihalomethane compounds formation in Baghdad water supply network

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-144
Author(s):  
Salam Ewaid ◽  
Salwan Abed ◽  
Nadhir Al-Ansari ◽  
Bassam Al-Farhani
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Supply Network ◽  
Chromatography Method ◽  
Water Supply Network ◽  
Spss Software ◽  
Measured Water ◽  
Mean Concentration ◽  
Dependent Factor

This study was conducted to measure the concentrations of four trihalomethane compounds (THMs) in raw, treated, and drinking water of seven water purification plants and the residential neighborhoods nearby in Baghdad. About 350 samples gathered between January and October 2017 and analyzed by the gas chromatography method. Results showed that THM annual levels in tap water ranged between 12 and 97.3 μg·l–1 in winter and summer consecutively, with a mean concentration of 60 μg·l–1, these concentrations did not exceed the level recommended by the WHO and the Iraqi standards. Statistical modeling by SPSS software for the formation of THM (the dependent factor) in the water supply network was undertaken using the measured water quality parameters (as independent factors) and utilizing multiple regression analysis. The model obtained has a high correlation (r = 0.842) and approved that the most affecting parameters on THM formation are total organic carbon, temperature, turbidity, total solids, and chlorine dose. The model that was derived may be used for the purposes of choosing appropriate THM-reduction procedures and the use of chlorine for improving the method of disinfection.

scholarly journals Biology of pink stem borer, Sesamia inferens (Walker) on maize, Zea mays

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1994-2003
Author(s):  
Hemant Sharma ◽  
Maha Singh Jaglan ◽  
S. S. Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Sesamia Inferens ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Total Life

Biology of pink stem borer, Sesamia inferens (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) was conducted during 2015-16 in laboratories of CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Regional Research Station, Karnal on HQPM 1 (hybrid) and HKI 1128 (inbred) for two generations at room temperature. Results on biology of S. inferens in the first generation revealed that incubation period varied from 10-14 days on HQPM 1 and 11-15 days on HKI 1128. The larval duration lasted for 21-37 days on HQPM 1 and 24-39 days on HKI 1128. The adult longevity of male and female ranged from 6-7 days and 7-8 days on HQPM 1 and 5-7 days and 6-7 days on HKI 1128, respectively. The total life span ranged from 63-72 days for female and 45-58 days for male on HQPM 1 and 65-74 days for female and 49-62 days for male on HKI 1128, respectively in the first generation. The total life span in second generation ranged 94-107 days for female and 83-96 days for male on HQPM 1 and 98-112 days for female and 86-101 days for male on HKI 1128. The biology of an insect pest is a condition precedent to find out its management strategies. The biology of S. inferens on maize has not yet been studied in north western part of the country. Having regards to the fact that no systematic work on this aspect has been carried out, studies were conducted on biology of this pest for developing efficient pest management strategies.

scholarly journals BEBERAPAASPEKBIOLOGI IKANBELOSO(Sauridamicropectoralis) DI PERAIRANUTARAJAWATENGAH

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 363
Author(s):  
Adrian Damora ◽  
Tri Ernawati
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Weight Growth ◽  
Gonadal Maturity ◽  
Carnivorous Species ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Java Sea ◽  
Stadium I

Indeks kelimpahan stok ikan beloso (Saurida micropectoralis) di Laut Jawa cenderungmengalami penurunan dari tahun ke tahun dan untuk mencegahnya perlu bahan masukan yang bersumber dari hasil penelitian yang dijadikan sebagai dasar pengelolaannya. Penelitian dilakukan untukmengkaji beberapa aspek biologimeliputi hubungan panjangberat, nisbah kelamin, tingkat kematangan gonad, panjang pertama kali tertangkap dan panjang pertama kali matang gonad, serta kebiasaan makan ikan beloso. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulanApril–Agustus 2009 di perairan utara Jawa Tengah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nisbah kelamin ikan jantan dan betina berada dalam keadaan tidak seimbang. Pertumbuhan ikan beloso bersifat allometrik positif, dimana pertambahan berat lebih cepat dibandingkan pertumbuhan panjangnya dan tingkat kematangan gonad (TKG) ikan beloso didominasi oleh stadium I. Panjang pertama kali ikan beloso tertangkap lebih kecil dari panjang pertama kali matang gonadnya (Lc < Lm) sehingga akan mengancam kelestariaannya. Ikan beloso bersifat karnivora, dimana makanan utamanya adalah potongan ikan dasar, cumi, dan teri. Index of stock abundance of Lizardfish (Saurida micropectoralis) in Java Sea tend to decreased from year to year. The decline was expected because of the potential of Lizardfish decreasing but the effort continue to rise. The objective of this study is to assess the biological aspects including length-weight relationship, sex ratio, gonadal maturity stage, length of first capture (Lc) and length of first mature (Lm), and feeding habit of Lizardfish in north waters of Central Java. This study was conducted from April to August 2009 in north waters of Central Java. Results showed that the sex ratio between males and females was 1:0,97. Based on Chi-square test it is showed that sex ratio is not balanced. The growth of Lizardfish indicated positive allometric where the weight growth more faster than its length growth. The gonadalmaturity stage of Lizard fish is dominated by the first stage. The length of first capture of Lizardfish was under the length of first mature (Lc < Lm) so that will threaten its sustainability. Lizardfish was indicated carnivorous species where its main food are part of demersal fishes, squids and anchovies.

scholarly journals Variation of Semen Quality Among Three Generations (F1, F2 and F3) of Holstein Friesian Upgraded Breeding Bulls of Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-463
Author(s):  
Faruk Hossain ◽  
Md Golam Sorowar ◽  
Sharmin Akter Suma ◽  
Abdullah Al Mansur ◽  
Md Mahbubul Hoque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Semen Quality ◽  
Sperm Concentration ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Quality Parameter ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
Three Generations ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Recorded Data ◽  
Mass Activity

The experiment was conducted in a well-known private livestock research and development farm in Bangladesh to find out the variation of semen quality parameter among three generations (F1, F2 and F3) of Holstein Friesian upgraded breeding bulls. A total of 312 ejaculates were collected from 6 upgraded breeding bullsthrought the experimental year. The recorded data were summarized using Microsoft Excel 2010 and analyzed using GraphPad Prism 5 softwere. Out of the 312 ejaculates, 273 (87.50%) were found to be creamy in color followed by 26 (8.33%) and 13 (4.17%) as yellowish and watery, respectively. Generation had significant (P<0.05) effect on ejaculate volume, consistancy, mass activity, sperm concentration, initial and post freezing motility. The highest (7.389±0.19ml) and the lowest (5.156±0.13ml) volume of semen were found in third (F3) and first generation (F1), respectively. The mass activity ranges from 3.74±0.04 to 4.30±0.05. Sperm concentration and pH varied insignificantly (p>0.05) but initial motility and post freezing motility had the significant differences among the three generations. Initial motility ranges from 75.87±0.32 to 78.40±0.38 percent and the post freezing motility ranges from 50.38±0.41 to 52.16±0.43 percent. It could be concluded that most of the semen quality parameters were influenced by generation and freezing. Semen characteristics were better in F2 followed by F3 and F1 generation in upgraded Holstein Friesian bulls. Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.7(3): 457-463,  December 2020

scholarly journals Weather Conditions and Maturity Group Impacts on the Infestation of First Generation European Corn Borers in Maize Hybrids in Croatia

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1387
Author(s):  
Renata Bažok ◽  
Ivan Pejić ◽  
Maja Čačija ◽  
Helena Virić Gašparić ◽  
Darija Lemić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Maturity Group ◽  
Climatic Regions ◽  
Corn Borers ◽  
Relative Air Humidity ◽  
Observed Damage ◽  
Maturity Groups

Overwintering success and weather conditions are the key factors determining the abundance and intensity of the attack of the first generation of European corn borers (ECB). The tolerance of maize to the 1st generation of ECB infestation is often considered to be connected with the maize maturity time. The aims of this research were (I) to examine the reactions of different maize FAO maturity groups in term of the damage caused by ECB larvae, (II) to analyze the influence of four climatic regions of Croatia regarding the damage caused by ECB larvae, and (III) to correlate observed damage between FAO maturity groups and weather conditions. First ECB generation damage has been studied in the two-year field trial with 32 different hybrids divided into four FAO maturity groups (eight per group) located at four locations with different climatic conditions. The results showed a lack of correlation between the FAO maturity group and the percent of damage. The percent of damage was positively correlated with the average air temperature in June (r = 0.59 for 2017 and r = 0.74 in 2018, p = 0.0001) within the range from 20 to 24.5 °C and was negatively correlated with the relative air humidity (r = −0.58 in 2017 and r = −0.77 in 2018, p = 0.0001) within the range of 50% to 80%. Our results provide a better understanding of the different factors that influence ECB damage. The obtained data could be used to predict the damage from the first generation of ECB under the weather conditions of different regions.

scholarly journals The effect of commercial probiotics on health and production of shrimp (Penaeus monodon)

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubia Akter ◽  
Md Rayhan Hossain ◽  
Md Motiur Rahman ◽  
BM Shahinur Rahman ◽  
KKU Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Penaeus Monodon ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Culture Period ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Commercial Probiotics ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

The study was carried out to explore the impact of probiotics on shrimp (Penaeus monodon) in the Shrimp Research Station ponds during the culture period of 90 days. The experiment was set in 9 on-station ponds having an area of 0.052?0.064 ha. Three treatments of the experiment were: super Ps probiotics broadcast all over the ponds mixed with clay (T1), probiotics broadca Zymetin st over the pond mixed with feed (T2) and control (without probiotics) the ponds (T3) and each treatments having 3 replicates. All Juvenile of shrimp were stocked at a density of 6.0 juv/m2 and was fed with quality feed (gold plus-grower) twice daily at the rate of 10.3% of shrimp biomass. Water quality parameters namely temperature, water depth, dissolved oxygen, pH, salinity, ammonia, nitrate, total alkalinity and transparency were within suitable range for shrimp growth without finding any stress. Growth of shrimp was measured and feed was adjusted after every fortnight. The average weight of shrimp in T1, T2 and T3 was 22.065 ±5.52, 19.87 ±4.98 and 11.01 ±0.86g, respectively. Higher growth was obtained from T1 followed by T2 and T3. Day after 90 of husbandry, all shrimp were harvested. The survivality rate of shrimp production was reckoned 80%. The production of shrimp was found 760 kg/ha in T1, 665 kg/ha in T2 and 205.19 kg/ha. in T3. So the highest production was found using super PS (T1). Food conversion ratio (FCR) of prawn was found higher (2.48) in T3 compared to T1 (1.83) and T2 (2.01). The result of the study is therefore revealed that probiotics paly a most important role in growth, survival and production of shrimp by maintaining good water quality environment throughout the culture period. It may be therefore concluded that probiotics can be utilized well the shrimp ponds to get higher growth and production keeping the congenial environment.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. March 2017, 3(1): 88-93

scholarly journals Monitoring of Water Quality, Antibiotic Residues, and Antibiotic-Resistant Escherichia coli in the Kshipra River in India over a 3-Year Period

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (21) ◽  
pp. 7706
Author(s):  
Nada Hanna ◽  
Manju Purohit ◽  
Vishal Diwan ◽  
Salesh P. Chandran ◽  
Emilia Riggi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
Antibiotic Residues ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Water And Sediment ◽  
Measured Water

The emergence of antibiotic resistance is a major global and environmental health issue, yet the presence of antibiotic residues and resistance in the water and sediment of a river subjected to excessive anthropogenic activities and their relationship with water quality of the river are not well studied. The objectives of the present study were a) to investigate the occurrence of antibiotic residues and antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli (E. coli) in the water and sediment of the Kshipra river in India at seven selected sites during different seasons of the years 2014, 2015, and 2016 and b) to investigate the association between antibiotic residues and antibiotic-resistant E. coli in water and sediment and measured water quality parameters of the river. Antibiotic residues and resistant E. coli were present in the water and sediment and were associated with the measured water quality parameters. Sulfamethoxazole was the most frequently detected antibiotic in water at the highest concentration of 4.66 µg/L and was positively correlated with the water quality parameters. Significant (p < 0.05) seasonal and spatial variations of antibiotic-resistant E. coli in water and sediment were found. The resistance of E. coli to antibiotics (e.g., sulfamethiazole, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacine, cefotaxime, co-trimoxazole, ceftazidime, meropenem, ampicillin, amikacin, metronidazole, tetracycline, and tigecycline) had varying associations with the measured water and sediment quality parameters. Based on the results of this study, it is suggested that regular monitoring and surveillance of water quality, including antibiotic residues and antibiotic resistance, of all rivers should be taken up as a key priority, in national and Global Action Plans as these can have implications for the buildup of antibiotic resistance.

scholarly journals Reproductive Biology of Three Important Threatened/Near-Threatened Groupers (Plectropomus leopardus, Epinephelus polyphekadion and Plectropomus areolatus) in Eastern Indonesia and Implications for Management

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 643
Author(s):  
Khasanah ◽  
Kadir ◽  
Jompa
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Gonad Development ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Spawning Aggregation ◽  
Eastern Indonesia ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Size Limits ◽  
First Maturity ◽  
Fish Trade

The three grouper species most heavily fished for the live reef fish trade (LRFT) in Indonesia are Plectopomus leopardus (greatest catch volume), and two species classified as Vulnerable on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List: Plectropomus areolatus and Epinephelus polyphekadion. Understanding the reproductive biology of these fishes is essential for sustainable management, but relevant data are limited. This study aimed to determine reproductive dynamics, so as to inform management measures to maintain the reproductive capacity of these groupers. Grouper gonad samples collected from fish caught for the LRFT were analyzed histologically. Data were also collected from participatory mapping and interviews with fishermen, and underwater monitoring of three known spawning aggregation sites in the Wakatobi National Park, Eastern Indonesia. Based on observed gonad development, the respective lengths and weights at first maturity were: 37.7 cm and 759 g (P. leopardus); 36.65 cm and 771.2 g (P. areolatus); 36.95 cm and 889.9 g (E. polyphekadion). The mean weight of the groupers market-based sampled was higher than the size at first sexual maturity. Sex transition was observed in P. leopardus; sex reversal was not observed in E. polyphekadion, and the sex pattern of P. areolatus was unresolved. Based on the fisher surveys and spawning aggregation monitoring, spawning occurs around the new moon from September to April, with reproductive peaks in November and December. Fisheries management measures that are suggested to sustain grouper stocks include enforcing appropriate size limits, temporal spatial closures (spawning aggregation sites), and a trading ban during the peak spawning season (November–December).

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF GRADATION VARIATION OF THE GRANITE AGGREGATES USED IN ASPHALT MIXTURES AT THEIR MANUFACTURING PLACE

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mantas Makulavičius ◽  
Henrikas Sivilevičius
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Manufacturing Plants ◽  
Road Pavement ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mixture Homogeneity

Asphalt mixture gradation homogeneity is one of the key factors for proper laying and compaction during road pavement and its long-term maintenance afterwards. To achieve the good quality asphalt mixture homogeneity of aggregates used in road pavement must be kept in mind. Regarding to this, gradation variation of five different granite aggregates fractions (0/2, 2/5, 5/8, 8/11 and 11/16) from one of the largest manufacturing plants in Lithuania were determined in this paper. Total of 244 samples were taken from conveyer belt at the manufacturing place and all the data was evaluated by statistical methods providing histograms with theoretical curves of normal distribution. After that, the results were compared to each other and the requirements issued by Lithuanian road administration authority. Regression analysis was used to determine the dependence of standard deviation of percent passing and the mean percent passing through the sieves. The obtained research findings revealed that the maximum value of standard deviation of this dependence was equal to mean of 50% percent passing. Further investigations should include other aggregates quality parameters variation and its homogeneity throughout different stages of technological and transportation processes.

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