scholarly journals EVALUATION OF GRADATION VARIATION OF THE GRANITE AGGREGATES USED IN ASPHALT MIXTURES AT THEIR MANUFACTURING PLACE

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mantas Makulavičius ◽  
Henrikas Sivilevičius
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Manufacturing Plants ◽  
Road Pavement ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mixture Homogeneity

Asphalt mixture gradation homogeneity is one of the key factors for proper laying and compaction during road pavement and its long-term maintenance afterwards. To achieve the good quality asphalt mixture homogeneity of aggregates used in road pavement must be kept in mind. Regarding to this, gradation variation of five different granite aggregates fractions (0/2, 2/5, 5/8, 8/11 and 11/16) from one of the largest manufacturing plants in Lithuania were determined in this paper. Total of 244 samples were taken from conveyer belt at the manufacturing place and all the data was evaluated by statistical methods providing histograms with theoretical curves of normal distribution. After that, the results were compared to each other and the requirements issued by Lithuanian road administration authority. Regression analysis was used to determine the dependence of standard deviation of percent passing and the mean percent passing through the sieves. The obtained research findings revealed that the maximum value of standard deviation of this dependence was equal to mean of 50% percent passing. Further investigations should include other aggregates quality parameters variation and its homogeneity throughout different stages of technological and transportation processes.

scholarly journals Internal consistency of the Regional Brewer Calibration Centre for Europe triad during the period 2005–2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 4059-4072 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Fabián León-Luis ◽  
Alberto Redondas ◽  
Virgilio Carreño ◽  
Javier López-Solano ◽  
Alberto Berjón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Relative Standard Deviation ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Individual Values ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
The World ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Ozone Column

Abstract. Total ozone column measurements can be made using Brewer spectrophotometers, which are calibrated periodically in intercomparison campaigns with respect to a reference instrument. In 2003, the Regional Brewer Calibration Centre for Europe (RBCC-E) was established at the Izaña Atmospheric Research Center (Canary Islands, Spain), and since 2011 the RBCC-E has transferred its calibration based on the Langley method using travelling standard(s) that are wholly and independently calibrated at Izaña. This work is focused on reporting the consistency of the measurements of the RBCC-E triad (Brewer instruments #157, #183 and #185) made at the Izaña Atmospheric Observatory during the period 2005–2016. In order to study the long-term precision of the RBCC-E triad, it must be taken into account that each Brewer takes a large number of measurements every day and, hence, it becomes necessary to calculate a representative value of all of them. This value was calculated from two different methods previously used to study the long-term behaviour of the world reference triad (Toronto triad) and Arosa triad. Applying their procedures to the data from the RBCC-E triad allows the comparison of the three instruments. In daily averages, applying the procedure used for the world reference triad, the RBCC-E triad presents a relative standard deviation equal to σ = 0.41 %, which is calculated as the mean of the individual values for each Brewer (σ157 = 0.362 %, σ183 = 0.453 % and σ185 = 0.428 %). Alternatively, using the procedure used to analyse the Arosa triad, the RBCC-E presents a relative standard deviation of about σ = 0.5 %. In monthly averages, the method used for the data from the world reference triad gives a relative standard deviation mean equal to σ = 0.3 % (σ157 = 0.33 %, σ183 = 0.34 % and σ185 = 0.23 %). However, the procedure of the Arosa triad gives monthly values of σ = 0.5 %. In this work, two ozone data sets are analysed: the first includes all the ozone measurements available, while the second only includes the simultaneous measurements of all three instruments. Furthermore, this paper also describes the Langley method used to determine the extraterrestrial constant (ETC) for the RBCC-E triad, the necessary first step toward accurate ozone calculation. Finally, the short-term or intraday consistency is also studied to identify the effect of the solar zenith angle on the precision of the RBCC-E triad.

Speed of ultrasound in Hereford bulls and its correlation with carcass composition

1991 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. J. Fursey ◽  
C. A. Miles ◽  
S. J. Page ◽  
A. V. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Lipid Concentration ◽  
Residual Standard Deviation ◽  
Hind Limbs ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Speed Of Ultrasound ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Animal Interaction

ABSTRACTMeasurements were made of the speed of ultrasound transmission through sites in the hind limbs of 125 pedigree Hereford bulls. Twenty-five of these were measured twice at weekly intervals on three occasions prior to slaughter to assess the short-term repeatability of the measurement and the magnitude of long-term changes. Analyses of variance of the means of the measurements at two sites showed that the residual standard deviation (within animal and occasion), was 0·01 (μs/cm. There was a decrease of 0·01 (μs/cm in the group mean over the 2-week period and a significant time × animal interaction. This showed that lipid concentration at the measurement sites decreased as the bulls adjusted to their new surroundings following delivery to the Institute's farm. When a separate group of 64 bulls was measured at the farm at which they were being reared an increase in the group mean of 0·006 iμs/cm was recorded over a 30·day period, indicating an increase in lipid concentration. The residual standard deviation for that group was 0·007 μs/cm, similar to that recorded above.The mean of the reciprocal speeds at the two sites, when used in a multiple regression with live mass, yielded a residual standard deviation in predicted proportion of lean in the side of 20·0 g/kg and in total fat proportion of 22·1 g/kg. These corresponded to population standard deviations, adjusted for live mass, of 29·7 and 34·1 g/kg respectively. It was concluded that the measurement of ultrasound speed in the hind limbs of Hereford bulls could be used to predict lean proportion in the carcass. The method does not require subjective interpretation and responds equally to subcutaneous and interand intra-muscular fat.

scholarly journals CLIGEN Parameter Regionalization for Mainland China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenting Wang ◽  
Shuiqing Yin ◽  
Bofu Yu ◽  
Shaodong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Cumulative Distribution ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Stochastic Weather Generator ◽  
Critical Set ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Parameter Values

Abstract. Stochastic weather generator CLIGEN can simulate long-term weather sequences as input to WEPP for erosion predictions. Its use, however, has been somewhat restricted by limited observations at high spatial-temporal resolutions. Long-term daily temperature, daily and hourly precipitation data from 2405 stations and daily solar radiation from 130 stations distributed across mainland China were collected to develop the most critical set of site-specific parameter values for CLIGEN. Universal Kriging (UK) with auxiliary covariables, longitude, latitude, elevation, and the mean annual rainfall was used to interpolate parameter values into a 10 km × 10 km grid and parameter accuracy was evaluated based on leave-one-out cross-validation. The results demonstrated that Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficients (NSEs) between UK interpolated and observed parameters were greater than 0.85 for all parameters apart from the standard deviation of solar radiation, skewness coefficient of daily precipitation, and cumulative distribution of relative time to peak intensity, with relatively lower interpolation accuracy (NSE > 0.66). In addition, CLIGEN simulated daily weather sequences using UK-interpolated and observed inputs showed consistent statistics and frequency distributions. The mean absolute discrepancy between the two sequences in the average and standard deviation of the temperature was less than 0.51 °C. The mean absolute relative discrepancy for the same statistics for solar radiation, precipitation amount, duration and maximum intensity in 30-min were less than 5 %. CLIGEN parameters at the 10 km resolution would meet the minimum WEPP climate requirements throughout in mainland China. The dataset is availability at http://clicia.bnu.edu.cn/data/cligen.html and http://doi.org/10.12275/bnu.clicia.CLIGEN.CN.gridinput.001 (Wang et al., 2020).

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF THE GOOGLE CLASSROOM APPLICATION ON THE STUDENTS’ WRITING SKILLS IN SMA SWASTA GAJAH MADA MEDAN DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-286
Author(s):  
Irma Khoirot Daulay ◽  
Agnes Charismah Iman Putri Zendrato ◽  
Jeffry Jeffry ◽  
Neslita Elisabeth Manik ◽  
Priska Simamora
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Teaching Method ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Writing Skills ◽  
Teaching Writing ◽  
Normality Test ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Test Result

The research aims to determine the effectiveness of applying the Google Classroom Application on the students' Writing Skills from grade X1 of SMA Swasta Gajah Mada Medan. The research applied the quantitative method with experimental design. The data were analyzed using the mathematics system related to the methods applied in the research. According to the research findings, it is concluded that Applying Google Classroom Application potentially gives more effectiveness in teaching writing skills to the students. After the post-test is done, the mean score of applying Google Classroom Application is 85.65. The standard deviation is 7.353, and the number of students is 26. The mean by applying conventional strategy is  62.00, the standard deviation is 3.943, and the number of students is 24. From the research result, the researchers found that the mean score of the experimental group students was improved by 17.10. In the controlled group, the mean score of the students was improved by 9.75. After the post-test by applying Google Classroom Application to the students is undertaken,  the normality test result is 0.465. After a post-test to the students by applying the conventional teaching method in the controlled group is given, the normality test result is 0.243. The research finding explained that the Google Classroom Application successfully improved the students'  writing skills, especially at SMA Swasta Gajah Mada Medan during the Covid-19 pandemic.

Awareness, Benefits, and Services: Lecturers’ Perceived Towards The Application of ISO 9001: 2008 at University

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
Ahmad Syukri ◽  
Nisaul Fadillah
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Iso 9001 ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Empirical Standard Deviation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Empirical Standard

Abstract: The State Islamic Institute Sulthan Thaha Saifuddin (IAIN STS) Jambi has been applying ISO 9001; 2008 since February 2013. One of previous research findings was the resistance regarding the ISO standards and the certification process. This study was to examine the problem through conducting lecturers’ perception towards ISO 9001; 2008 at IAIN STS Jambi in terms of their awareness, benefits and services. Respondents were lecturers of IAIN STS Jambi as many as 122 people from 4 faculties. The research employed a quantitative survey method that uses a likert-scale questionnaire and analysed with descriptive statistic. The findings show that lecturers’ perception on the application of TQM ISO 9001: 2008 in IAIN STS Jambi included in the group of moderate to high. The mean empirical data (x = 47,30) was higher than the average hypothetical (μ = 42). This indicates that the perception of lecturers on the application of ISO in IAIN STS Jambi is high (positive). Empirical standard deviation (s = 9,910) was higher than the hypothetical standard deviation (σ = 9:33). This shows that the perception of lecturers on the application of ISO 9001: 2008 at IAIN STS Jambi has a high variation. Meanwhile, gender variable has a significant relationship between the perception of ISO 9001: 2008 on improving the quality of teaching. Employment status (fulltime civil employer or non-full-time civil employer) have a significant relationship between the perception of ISO 9001; 2008 for quality of services and quality of coordination.

scholarly journals MODIFIED ASPHALT MIXTURES RESISTANCE TO PERMANENT DEFORMATIONS

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Radziszewski
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Porous Asphalt ◽  
Modified Asphalt ◽  
Road Pavement ◽  
In Situ Conditions ◽  
Modified Binders

Permanent deformations, primarily in the form of ruts, are one of the basic asphalt pavement damages impairing its service properties. Application of appropriate asphalt mixtures and binder modification are effective methods for improving asphalt courses resistance. While being manufactured, stored, fitted into a road pavement and during long term service, bitumen binders and asphalt mixtures are subject to continuous unfavourable ageing processes during which pavement courses characteristics change considerably, resistance to permanent deformations being among them. This article presents rut and dynamic creep test results of concrete, SMA (stone mastic asphalt), MNU (thin courses of non‐continuous grain mixtures), Superpave mixture and porous asphalt mixture of two air void content percentages: 15 %, 20 %. Asphalt concrete mixtures, MNU's and porous asphalt mixtures contained elastomer, plastomer and fine rubber modified binders. Samples for laboratory rut tests were made by slab compaction because this method, as the author's previous research had shown, was the closest to ‘in‐situ’ conditions. Resistance to permanent deformations of the examined specimens was evaluated before aging, after technological aging (short term ageing) and after service ageing (long‐term ageing). The test results show that resistance to permanent deformations depends on the kind of asphalt mixture and binder applied. Concrete asphalts with fine rubber modified bitumens and concrete asphalts with 7 % polymer modified binders as well as SMA's and Superpave mixtures with unmodified binders appeared to be most resistant to permanent deformations after a long‐term laboratory ageing. It was proved that the overall evaluation of resistance to permanent deformations could be obtained by rut and creep testing of asphalt mixtures exposed to short‐ and long‐term ageing. Simultaneous determining 4 parameters: maximum rut depth after short‐term ageing, rutting coefficient after operational ageing, stiffness creeping modulus after long‐term ageing and cumulated deformation after short‐term ageing, facilitates full characteristics of modified asphalt mixes designed to be built in the wearing course of a road pavement.

Global Predictability of Chaotic Epidemiological Dynamics in Coupled Populations

2003 ◽  
Vol 10 (04) ◽  
pp. 311-320
Author(s):  
Matt Davison ◽  
C. Essex ◽  
J. S. Shiner
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Probability Distribution ◽  
Coupling Strength ◽  
Chaotic Dynamics ◽  
Statistical Measures ◽  
Sensitive Dependence ◽  
Strength Dependence ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Long Term Prediction

When the dynamics of an epidemic are chaotic, detailed prediction is effectively impossible, except perhaps in the short term. However, a probability distribution underlying the motion does allow for the long term prediction of statistical measures such as the mean or the standard deviation. Even this weaker long term predictability might be lost if distinct populations with chaotic dynamics are coupled. We show that such coupling can result in a phenomenon we call “sensitive dependence on neglected dynamics”. In light of this phenomenon, it is somewhat surprising that when two logistic maps are coupled, the long term predictability of the mean and standard deviation is maintained. This is true even though the probability distribution describing the time series depends on the coupling strength. The coupling-strength dependence does reveal itself in the loss of predictability of higher order moments such as skewness and kurtosis.

scholarly journals Determinants of Heart Rate Recovery and Heart Rate Variability in Lung Cancer Survivors Eligible for Long-Term Cure

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duc Ha ◽  
Atul Malhotra ◽  
Andrew L. Ries ◽  
Wesley T. O’Neal ◽  
Mark M. Fuster
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Parasympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Heart Rate Recovery ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Mean

AbstractBackgroundLung cancer survivors are at increased risk for autonomic dysfunction. We aimed to identify determinants of parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) function as reflected by heart rate recovery (HRR) and heart rate variability (HRV) in lung cancer survivors eligible for long-term cure.MethodsWe performed a cross-sectional study of consecutive lung cancer survivors who completed curative-intent therapy for stage I-IIIA ≥1 month previously. We tested a comprehensive list of variables related to baseline demographics, comorbidities, lung cancer characteristics, and physiological/functional measures using univariable and multivariable (MVA) linear regression analyses. We defined HRR as the difference in heart rate (HR) at 1-minute following and the end of the six-minute walk test (6MWT), and HRV the standard deviation of normal-to-normal R-R intervals (SDNN) and root-mean-square-of-successive-differences (rMSSD) from routine single 10-s electrocardiographs (ECGs).ResultsIn 69 participants, the mean (standard deviation, SD) HRR was -10.6 (6.7) beats. In MVAs, significant independent determinants of HRR [β (95% confidence interval)] were: age [0.17 (0.04, 0,30) for each year] and HR change associated with the 6MWT [0.01 (0.007, 0.02) for each beats/min. In 41 participants who had ECGs available for HRV measurements, the mean (SD) SDNN and rMSSD were 19.1 (15.6) and rMSSD 18.2 (14.6) ms, respectively. In MVAs, significant determinants of HRV were: total lung capacity [0.01 (0.00, 0.02), p=0.047 for each % predicted] and HRR [-0.04 (-0.07, -0.003) for each beat] for natural logarithm (Ln-)SDNN; and [0.01 (0.00, 0.02)] and [-0.04 (-0.07, -0.01)] for Ln-rMSSD, respectively.ConclusionsWe measured determinants of HRR and HRV in lung cancer survivors eligible for long-term cure. HRR and/or HRV may be useful as indicators to stratify patients in interventional studies aimed at improving PNS function in lung cancer survivors, including through exercise training.

Postinflammatory medial meatal fibrosis: early and late surgical outcomes

2013 ◽  
Vol 127 (12) ◽  
pp. 1160-1168 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Ghani ◽  
M C F Smith
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Surgical Outcomes ◽  
Common Complication ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Over Time

AbstractObjectives:To evaluate the primary and long-term surgical outcomes of patients with postinflammatory medial meatal fibrosis.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted of 14 ears (in 12 patients) with postinflammatory medial meatal fibrosis managed surgically. Outcome measures were primary (i.e. less than six months) and long-term (i.e. greater than five years) closure of the air–bone gap, and the incidence of otorrhoea and restenosis.Results:At primary review, the mean air–bone gap ± standard deviation had decreased from 29.9 ± 11.6 dB to 12 ± 8.4 dB (p < 0.0006). Seven (50 per cent) ears had closure of the air–bone gap to within 10 dB. However, for the 9 ears receiving long-term review, the mean air–bone gap ± standard deviation increased to 19.3 ± 15.2 dB; there was no significant difference between this result and pre-operative values (p = 0.06). Of the 9 long-term review ears, 3 (33 per cent) showed closure of the air–bone gap to within 10 dB. Recurrent otorrhoea was the most common complication, occurring in 5 of the 9 long-term review ears (56 per cent); in addition, 3 (33 per cent) of these 9 ears developed restenosis.Conclusion:Over time, the success of surgery for postinflammatory medial meatal fibrosis diminishes. This was demonstrated in the present study by progressive post-operative hearing decline and a high prevalence of otorrhoea and restenosis.

scholarly journals DETERMINATION AND EVALUATION OF RAILWAY AGGREGATE SUB-BALLAST GRADATION AND OTHER PROPERTIES VARIATION

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 699-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deividas NAVIKAS ◽  
Matas BULEVIČIUS ◽  
Henrikas SIVILEVIČIUS
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Normal Distribution ◽  
Minimum Size ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Statistical Parameters ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Random Samples ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
The Mean

The use of high quality aggregate mixture, proper technological parameters of laying and compacting as well as the required thickness of the mixture ensures railway sub-ballast layer properties. In this paper gradation, den­sity and water permeability of 49 produced random samples of aggregate sub-ballast (ASB) mixture which were taken from the stockpile in the plant and from the uncompacted railway layer are investigated. The statistical parameters of the ASB mixture quality indicators and histograms with theoretical curves of normal distribution are presented as well. Their conformity to normal distribution was tested through the use of skewness, kurtosis, Pearson, Shapiro-Wilk and Kolmogorov-Smirnov methods. Regression analysis was employed to determine the dependence of standard deviation of percent passing on the mean percent passing through the sieves. In this paper a new method of determining the homo­geneity of ASB according to the variation of gradation using the maximum standard deviation value of this dependence was employed. The minimum size n was calculated with the permissible relative error of 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%. The obtained research findings revealed that due to segregation processes the homogeneity of ASB mixture from the point of its production to application has decreased by about 38%.

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