Comparison of fly ash with Lapindo mud as a land stabilizer for landfill in Pasuruan–Indonesia

The paper discusses the comparison of fly ash with Lapindo mud as a land stabilizer for a landfill in Pasuruan, Indonesia. Land for landfills has a low level of stability due to the condition of garbage that has accumulated and undergoes a process of decay. This land condition is less favorable to support the construction of the building above it if one day the location is used for construction. Therefore, it is necessary to stabilize the soil first. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of adding a mixture of TPA soil with fly ash and Lapindo mud. The method used by sieve testing and compaction of the specimens for each treatment consisted of a mixture of TPA soil with fly ash and TPA soil with Lapindo mud, while the percentages of fly ash and Lapindo mud to the dry weight of the original soil were respectively 0 %, 10 %, 15 %, and 20 %. The results showed that stabilization of the landfill with fly ash reduced the silt content while stabilization with Lapindo mud increased the levels of silt in the landfill so that fly ash was better than Lapindo mud for stabilization of the landfill. The specific gravity values for both stabilization mixtures increased equally. Based on the results of the standard compaction test for the addition of a mixture of fly ash, the OMC value decreases and the greater the value of dmaxs indicates that fly ash is good for landfill stabilization, while the addition of a mixture of Lapindo mud increases the OMC the smaller the value of dmaxs. For the direct shear test of the two mixed soils, the value of the internal friction angle (Æ) increased. The percentage value of the optimum mixture of mixed soil+fly ash is 14 % with an internal shear angle (Æ) of 38°, while the stabilization of landfill with Lapindo mud obtained the optimum mixture percentage value of 11 % with an internal shear angle (Æ) of 31°

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Application of Vibration Test Methods in Cement-Treated Aggregate

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.308-310.980 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 308-310 ◽

pp. 980-986 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jia Liu ◽

Rong Hui Zhang ◽

Can Qiang Mai

Keyword(s):

Dry Weight ◽

Test Methods ◽

Compaction Test ◽

Weight Density ◽

Large Particles ◽

Vibration Compaction ◽

Granular Base ◽

Dense State ◽

Stable Material ◽

Standard Compaction

The disease causes by the application of cement-stabilized macadam in our country first-class highway mainly performance as serious shrinkage fracture and other destructions like decreased capacity etc.This mainly related to test, design and other methods of the cement stabilized macadam. In the cement stabilization granular base construction,according to the standard job practice, uses the inorganic binding stable material compaction test to perform the standard compaction test. Doing compactness test at the scene, always present that the dry weight density is bigger than the maximum value result made by compaction test, result made by compactness test can more than 100%.The compaction principle of vibration compaction test is through pressure exciting force over the compacted materials,forced the downing of solid materials have a "resonance", In this state, the small particles aggregate can filling the gap between the large particles aggregate, to achieve the dense state. And during this process do not need too much water as lubricant. Therefore the vibration compaction test definite intensity result tallies with the scene reality. To imitation effects of roller compacted to improve the performance of cement stabilized gravel, the use of vibration method designed cement stabilized gravel is very necessary and timely.

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Cereal Consumption, Production, and Prices in West Pakistan (Notes & Comments)

The Pakistan Development Review ◽

10.30541/v8i2pp.288-306 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 288-306 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

G. C. Hufbauer

Keyword(s):

Food Consumption ◽

Ad Hoc ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Small Sample ◽

Tax Rates ◽

Active Population ◽

Early Settlement ◽

Consumption Rates ◽

Late Nineteenth ◽

Better Than

In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, several Punjab Settlement Officers attempted to estimate food consumption rates. These estimates, based on direct observation and ad hoc guesses, were made partly out of academic curiosity, but more urgently, as an aid in establishing the land revenue (i.e., tax) rates. The pre-1926 estimates are summarized in Table I, expressed in pounds of wheat and other foodgrain consumption per person per year1. Broadly speaking, the later, more systemtic observers (e.g., Sir Ganga Ram and C. B. Barry), found lower consumption levels than the earlier observers. It was generally accepted that the rural populace ate better than urban dwellers. Despite the ingenuity of the early Settlement Officers, their compiled estimates suffer from all the difficulties of haphazard small sample observation. Given the revenue purpose of the estimates, they may be biased towards the able-bodied, economically active, population. Further, the very early estimates may have confused dry weight with cooked weight, including water.

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Experimental Study on Mechanical Property of Concrete Based on Seawater and Sea Sand

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.641-642.574 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 641-642 ◽

pp. 574-577 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ying Tao Li ◽

Ling Zhou ◽

Mao Jiang ◽

Yu Zhang ◽

Jun Shao

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Property ◽

Experimental Study ◽

Fly Ash ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Growth Trend ◽

Sea Sand ◽

Significant Strength ◽

Dry Conditions ◽

Early Strength ◽

Better Than

In this paper, the mechanical property experiments of concrete based on the seawater and sea sand have been carried in different raw materials preparation and different conservation environments. The results show that the early strength and late strength of concrete based on seawater and sea sand are better than concrete based on freshwater and sand. There is no significant strength decreased for concrete based on seawater and sea sand under accelerated alternating wet and dry conditions. For concrete based on seawater and sea sand mixed with admixture, the downward trend of late strength is significantly delayed, the late strength of concrete based on the seawater and sea sand mixed with slag gets the most obvious growth trend, while the late strength of seawater and sea sand concrete mixed with fly ash gets the largest increment.

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Influence of Structural Plane Microscopic Parameters on Direct Shear Strength

Advances in Civil Engineering ◽

10.1155/2018/9178140 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yanhui Cheng ◽

Weijun Yang ◽

Dongliang He

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Shear Strength ◽

Internal Friction ◽

Direct Shear Test ◽

Shear Test ◽

Friction Angle ◽

Internal Friction Angle ◽

Direct Shear ◽

Stiffness Ratio ◽

Structural Plane

Structural plane is a key factor in controlling the stability of rock mass engineering. To study the influence of structural plane microscopic parameters on direct shear strength, this paper established the direct shear mechanical model of the structural plane by using the discrete element code PFC2D. From the mesoscopic perspective, the research on the direct shear test for structural plane has been conducted. The bonding strength and friction coefficient of the structural plane are investigated, and the effect of mesoscopic parameters on the shear mechanical behavior of the structural plane has been analyzed. The results show that the internal friction angle φ of the structural plane decreases with the increase of particle contact stiffness ratio. However, the change range of cohesion is small. The internal friction angle decreases first and then increases with the increase of parallel bond stiffness ratio. The influence of particle contact modulus EC on cohesion c is relatively small. The internal friction angle obtained by the direct shear test is larger than that obtained by the triaxial compression test. Parallel bond elastic modulus has a stronger impact on friction angle φ than that on cohesion c. Under the same normal stress conditions, the shear strength of the specimens increases with particle size. The shear strength of the specimen gradually decreases with the increase of the particle size ratio.

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Utilization of Red Mud-Fly Ash Reinforced with Cement in Road Construction Applications

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering ◽

10.1155/2021/3728652 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Sarath Chandra K ◽

Krishnaiah S ◽

Kibebe Sahile

Keyword(s):

Fly Ash ◽

Red Mud ◽

Industrial Waste ◽

Construction Material ◽

Road Construction ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Strength Properties ◽

Environmental Threat ◽

The Right ◽

The Impact

Industrialization is the key to the growth of any country’s economy. However, on the other hand, the production of industrial waste is increasing enormously, which adversely impacts the environment and natural resources. Red mud is also a widespread industrial waste produced during aluminium extraction from bauxite ore in Bayer’s process. Red mud is a highly alkaline material that creates a massive environmental threat in nature. To reduce the impact of this solid waste material, the ideal method is to use it in construction works with appropriate stabilization. This study envisages the strength properties of red mud with fly ash and cement to use it as a road construction material in the subgrade. The influence of fly ash and cement on improving the strength properties of red mud was studied in detail by replacing red mud with 10%, 20%, and 30% with fly ash and 1%, 3%, and 5% of cement to its dry weight. The CBR (California bearing ratio) value was increased from 1.58% to 11.6% by stabilizing red mud with fly ash and cement, which can be used as a road construction material. The UCS (unconfined compressive strength) of red mud was increased from 825 kPa to 2340 kPa upon curing for 28 days with the right mix of fly ash and cement. Along with the strength properties, the chemical analysis of leachate for the best suitable mix was performed according to the TCLP method to understand the hazardous materials present in the red mud when it is injected as ground material. Both strength properties and the leachate characteristics prove that the red mud with suitable fly ash and cement is an excellent material in road constructions.

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Industrial Wastes in Soil Improvement

ISRN Civil Engineering ◽

10.5402/2011/138149 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

G. V. Rama Subbarao ◽

D. Siddartha ◽

T. Muralikrishna ◽

K. S. Sailaja ◽

T. Sowmya

Keyword(s):

Fly Ash ◽

Rice Husk ◽

Rice Husk Ash ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Soil Improvement ◽

Geotechnical Properties ◽

Point Of View ◽

Industrial Wastes ◽

Engineering Structures

Soil existing at a particular site may not be appropriate for construction of engineering structures. The present study made an attempt to enhance the geotechnical properties of a soil replaced with industrial wastes having pozzolanic value like rice husk ash (RHA) and fly ash (FA). Soil is replaced with RHA in 2%, 4%, and 6% to dry weight of soil. It is observed that soil replaced with 4% RHA is the optimum for the soil used in this study from geotechnical point of view. To know the influence of fly ash, soil is further replaced with 4% FA along with 4% RHA. It is found that results of soil replacement by both RHA and FA proved to be soil modification and not the improvement. Hence, a cost-effective accelerator like lime is used for further replacing the above soil-4%, RHA-4% FA mix. The optimum lime content is found to be 4%.

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Study on Water Characteristic Curve and Shear Characteristics of Typical Unsaturated Silty Clay in Shaoxing

Geofluids ◽

10.1155/2021/5510535 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-15

Author(s):

Ruiqian Wu ◽

Youzhi Tang ◽

Shaohe Li ◽

Wei Wang ◽

Ping Jiang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Shear Strength ◽

Internal Friction ◽

Unsaturated Soil ◽

Direct Shear Test ◽

Shear Test ◽

Characteristic Curve ◽

Friction Angle ◽

Matric Suction ◽

Silty Clay ◽

Direct Shear

In order to probe into one simplified method to predict the shear strength of Shaoxing unsaturated silty clay, the test method combining unsaturated soil consolidation instrument and conventional direct shear instrument is used to study the shear strength, and the method is compared and verified with the results of equal suction direct shear test. The research results show that the soil water characteristic curve fitted by the measured data points and VG model has obvious stage characteristics in the range of 0~38 kPa, 38~910 kPa, and 910~10000 kPa. The shear strength of unsaturated soil measured by consolidation meter combined with conventional direct shear test is in good agreement with that measured by equal suction direct shear test in the range of 0~500 kPa. The results show that the shear strength, total cohesion, and effective internal friction angle of soil increase slightly with the increase of matric suction in the range of 0~38 kPa. When the matric suction increases from 38 kPa to 500 kPa, the shear strength and total cohesion force of the soil have similar stage characteristics with the SWCC, which first increases and then tends to be stable, while the effective internal friction angle changes slightly. Finally, taking the air-entry value as the demarcation point, an improved model of unsaturated shear strength is proposed by analyzing the error value. Compared with the measured value, the absolute value of relative error is basically kept in the range of 5%~10%, which is close to the measured value.

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Assessing Dry Weight of Hemodialysis Patients via Sparse Laplacian Regularized RVFL Neural Network with L2,1-Norm

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2021/6627650 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Xiaoyi Guo ◽

Wei Zhou ◽

Qun Lu ◽

Aiyan Du ◽

Yinghua Cai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Neural Network ◽

Network Model ◽

Neural Network Model ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Hemodialysis Patients ◽

Normal Weight ◽

The Body ◽

Functional Link ◽

Patient Will ◽

Better Than

Dry weight is the normal weight of hemodialysis patients after hemodialysis. If the amount of water in diabetes is too much (during hemodialysis), the patient will experience hypotension and shock symptoms. Therefore, the correct assessment of the patient’s dry weight is clinically important. These methods all rely on professional instruments and technicians, which are time-consuming and labor-intensive. To avoid this limitation, we hope to use machine learning methods on patients. This study collected demographic and anthropometric data of 476 hemodialysis patients, including age, gender, blood pressure (BP), body mass index (BMI), years of dialysis (YD), and heart rate (HR). We propose a Sparse Laplacian regularized Random Vector Functional Link (SLapRVFL) neural network model on the basis of predecessors. When we evaluate the prediction performance of the model, we fully compare SLapRVFL with the Body Composition Monitor (BCM) instrument and other models. The Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of SLapRVFL is 1.3136, which is better than other methods. The SLapRVFL neural network model could be a viable alternative of dry weight assessment.

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Yellow lupin (Lupinus luteus) tolerates waterlogging better than narrow-leafed lupin (L. angustifolius) I. Shoot and root growth in a controlled environment

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar99073 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 51 (6) ◽

pp. 701 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

C. L. Davies ◽

D. W. Turner ◽

M. Dracup

Keyword(s):

Root Growth ◽

Western Australia ◽

Shoot Growth ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Lupinus Luteus ◽

Controlled Environment ◽

Yellow Lupin ◽

Legume Crop ◽

Leaf Dry Weight ◽

Better Than

We studied the adaptation of narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) and yellow lupin (L. luteus) to waterlogging because yellow lupin may have potential as a new legume crop for coarse-textured, acidic, waterlogging-prone areas in Western Australia. In a controlled environment, plants were waterlogged for 14 days at 28 or 56 days after sowing (DAS). Plants were more sensitive when waterlogged from 56 to 70 DAS than from 28 to 42 DAS, root growth was more sensitive than shoot growth, and leaf expansion was more sensitive than leaf dry weight accumulation. Waterlogging reduced the growth of narrow-leafed lupin (60–81%) more than that of yellow lupin (25–56%) and the response was more pronounced 2 weeks after waterlogging ceased than at the end of waterlogging. Waterlogging arrested net root growth in narrow-leafed lupin but not in yellow lupin, so that after 2 weeks of recovery the root dry weight of yellow lupin was the same as that of the control plants but in narrow-leafed lupin it was 62% less than the corresponding control plants. Both species produced equal amounts of hypocotyl root when waterlogged from 28 to 42 DAS but yellow lupin produced much greater amounts than narrow-leafed lupin when waterlogged from 56 to 70 DAS.

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Experimental Investigation on Mechanical Properties of In Situ Cemented Paste Backfill Containing Coal Gangue and Fly Ash

Advances in Civil Engineering ◽

10.1155/2020/7964267 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Xinguo Zhang ◽

Shichuan Zhang

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Tensile Strength ◽

Fly Ash ◽

Young’S Modulus ◽

Young's Modulus ◽

Friction Angle ◽

Coal Gangue ◽

Cemented Paste Backfill ◽

Paste Backfill

Cemented paste backfill containing coal gangue and fly ash (CGFACPB) is an emerging backfill technique for coal mines that allows environmentally hazardous coal gangue and fly ash to be reused in the underground goaf. Meanwhile, CGFACPB can provide an efficient ground support and reduce the surface subsidence. Due to the difference of consolidation environment between the laboratory and the field, the mechanical properties of the cemented paste backfill vary significantly. In this paper, the core specimens were collected from an underground coal mine where the CGFACPB was used for coal mining, and the mechanical properties of the collected specimens were investigated. The cores were obtained from the underground coal mine, and then the standard cylinders or discs were prepared in laboratory. The uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), Young’s modulus, and Poisson’s ratio were determined by the compression tests, and the tensile strength was achieved by the Brazilian test. Then the internal friction angle and cohesion were calculated using the improved Mohr–Coulomb strength criterion. The results showed the development of UCS can be divided into four stages, and the final long-term stable value was about 5.1 MPa. The development of Young’s modulus had similar trend. Young’s modulus had a range from 550 MPa to 750 MPa and the mean value of 675 MPa. Poisson’s ratio gradually increased with the underground curing duration and eventually approached the stable value of 0.18. The failure type of compression samples was mainly single-sided shear failure. The development of tensile strength can be divided into two stages, and the stable value of the tensile strength was about 1.05 MPa. The development of cohesion can be divided into four stages, and the stable value was about 1.75 MPa. The stable value of the internal friction angle was about 25°. This study can provide significant references for not only the long-term stability evaluation of CGFACPB in the field but also the design of optimal recipe of the cemented paste backfill (CPB).

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