scholarly journals Evaluation of the influence of arsenic on embryonic development of zebrafish (Danio rerio)

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-61
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thi Thuong Huyen ◽  
Tran Thi Truc Dao ◽  
Hoang Nghia Son
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Common Type ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hatching Rate ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
Organ Systems

Arsenic is one of heavy metal elements which is dangerous to human and aquatic animals. Accumulating in the body,arsenic causes serious damage to organ systems such as the nervous system, circulatory system, digestive system, reproductive system, ect and even cancer, skin cancer is the most common type. This study aims to evaluate the influences of Arsenic (As) concentrations on different stages in embryonic development of zebrafish (Danio rerio): blastura, gastrula, segmentation, pharyngula and hatching. After mating, embryos were exposed to As in the examined concentrations: 0, 20, 50, 80, 110, 140, 170, 200, 230, 260 µg/L in the Hank’s embryonic medium. It was observed that the survival rate of embryonic zebrafish decreased gradually corresponding to the increasing the concentration of As and the development stages of the embryo. However, examined concentrations of As in this study did not reach the threshold lethal concentration (LCt50) of embryos. With the increasing of examined As concentrations, the heartbeat increased linearly, the body turning beat of each stage decreased linearly. The highest heartbeat was 237.73±1.87 beat/min in 260 µg/L concentration while it was 197.60±2.20 beat/min in the control group (p < 0.05) in the hatching stage. The lowest body turning was 2.53 beat/min while it was 5.50 beat/min (p < 0.05) in the control group in the pharyngula stage. Moreover, the As prolonged the hatching duration and reduced the hatching rate of embryonic zebrafish, after 72 hour fertilization, the hatching rate was 77.78% in 260 µg/L concentration while it was 98.86% in the control group (p < 0.05). 

The internal anatomy of the woodlouse, Metoponorthus pruinosus (Brandt), (Porcellionidae, Peracarida)

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Alikhan
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
The Body ◽  
Internal Anatomy ◽  
Suboesophageal Ganglion ◽  
Digestive Tube ◽  
Thoracic Ganglia ◽  
Digestive Glands

Tbe circulatory system, lying in the mid-dorsal line of the body, consists of an oval heart, the opthalmic artery, and a dorsal abdominal artery.The digestive system comprises a wide, large alimentary tube and two pairs of digestive glands. An oesophagus, a proventriculus, midgut, and a short proctodacum or hindgut form the digestive tube. The digestive glands are very well developed and are beaded in form; each pair lies on either side of the alimentary canal.The reproductive organs are well developed in both sexes: in the male they consist of paired testes and their vas deferentia, and in the female paired bilobed ovaries and oviducts.A cerebral or supraoesophageal ganglion, a suboesophageal ganglion, and seven thoracic ganglia form the nervous system. The supraoesophageal ganglion is united with the suboesophageal ganglion by means of the circumoesophageal commissures, whereas the thoracic ganglia and suboesophageal ganglia are linked with each other by paired connectives.The gills and the tracheae are the organs of respiration. The gills are borne of the bases of the pleopods and are enclosed in the branchial chamber. The tracheae are located on the lateral lobes of the first two pleopods only.

Organogenesis

2020 ◽  
pp. 80-112
Author(s):  
Günther Loose ◽  
Günter Vogt ◽  
Mireille Charmantier-Daures ◽  
Guy Charmantier ◽  
Steffen Harzsch
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Heart Development ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Muscular Tissue ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Organ Specific ◽  
Mode Of Development

This chapter reviews the development of the major organ systems in crustaceans, including musculature, nervous system, circulatory system, digestive system, osmoregulatory system, excretory system, reproductive system, and sensory organs. It describes the morphological unfolding of these organ systems, which generally follows cleavage, gastrulation, and segmentation in the course of ontogeny. Particular emphasis is given to the organ-specific temporal dynamics of development, the onset of functionality, and possible correlations with developmental mode, life history, and ecology. The anatomy and cellular characteristics of developing organs are generally better investigated than aspects of physiology, biochemistry, and molecular biology. Investigations in different crustaceans revealed that the speed of development of the various organ systems varies considerably within an individual and between species. As a rule of thumb, anlagen of the nervous tissue, muscular tissue, digestive system, and excretory organs appear first, followed by the circulatory system. Osmoregulatory organs are formed later. The reproductive organs are the last to emerge and to become functional. The mode of development, behavior, and ecology of the postembryonic stages seem to be major determinants that influence the speed differences of organogenesis. This is reflected by timing differences in development of the digestive system between directly and indirectly developing representatives or species with or without lecithotrophic larvae. Other features of the dynamics of organogenesis suggest evolutionary constraints, such as the delayed development of the nervous system in postnaupliar, relative to naupliar, segments in some species. Mechanistic constraints may be involved in heart development and development of nontransitory osmoregulatory organs.

Effect of temperature on embryonic development of Melanotaenia boesemani (Allen and Cross, 1982)

Zygote ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcella Costa Radael ◽  
Leonardo Demier Cardoso ◽  
Dalcio Ricardo de Andrade ◽  
André Veloso Ferreira ◽  
Douglas da Cruz Mattos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Hatching Rate ◽  
Oil Droplets ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Faster Development

SummaryThe present study aimed to provide data on the time required for Melanotaenia boesemani to complete embryonic development, and to investigate the influence that incubation at different temperatures caused in this species. The effects of temperature on the time and hatching rate are presented, as well as information related to embryonic development stages. After fertilization, the eggs were kept in incubators at 23, 26, 29 or 32°C and observed at predetermined times until the moment of hatching. Stages of development were identified and classified according to morphological and physiological characteristics. Oil droplets were visualized inside the eggs as well as filament adhesion present at the chorion. Embryonic development was similar to that observed in other species of the genus Melanotaenia with hatching and faster development in higher temperatures.

scholarly journals The study of pulmonary function tests in patients with hypothyroidism

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 1774
Author(s):  
Sivaranjani H. ◽  
Chaitra K. R.
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Pulmonary Function Test ◽  
The Body ◽  
Exercise Intolerance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Respiratory Dysfunction ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Function Test

Background: Hypothyroidism is a common disease with a prevalence rate of 11% in India. It affects all organ systems in the body. Patients with hypothyroidism frequently have symptoms of fatigue and exercise intolerance. These symptoms could arise from a reduced pulmonary reserve, cardiac reserve or decreased muscle strength or increased muscle fatigue. This study aims to study the pulmonary function test in patients with hypothyroidism.Methods: This is a cross sectional study conducted on 100 patients divided into 2 groups (a) newly detected hypothyroids (b) normal control group. Cases were matched with controls in having similar environment exposure and age group. All patients had routine symptom and clinical assessment. Laboratory investigations such as complete blood picture, pulmonary function test, chest x ray and thyroid function test were done. Data was entered and analysed.Results: In this study conducted on 100 patients, case group had symptoms of easy fatiguability (36%), breathlessness (20%), menstrual abnormality (20%), weight gain (7%) and generalised body aches (5%). Mean FEV1 levels between cases and controls were 1.34 and 1.72 (p value 0.00), mean FVC were 1.88 and 2.09 (p value 0.114), FEV1/FVC ratio of 70.56, 81.98 respectively (p value 0.00). The distribution of PFT pattern was 32% obstructive, 28% mixed pattern and 22% restrictive pattern.Conclusions: This study shows that hypothyroidism causes significant decrease in FEV1 and FEV1/FVC ratio, thereby suggesting obstructive patterns of lung involvement .Therefore PFT can be used routinely as a screening test for all hypothyroid patients to detect early respiratory dysfunction and thereby optimise treatment especially in obese patients and patients with pre-existing lung disease as hypothyroidism adds to their respiratory dysfunction.

Hospital Admissions Before and After Shipyard Closure

1990 ◽  
Vol 156 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mel Bartley ◽  
Leonard Fagin
Keyword(s):  
Relative Risk ◽  
Work Environment ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Job Insecurity ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Changes In Risk

“To determine the effect of job loss on health an investigation was made of admissions to hospitals in 887 men five years before and three years after the closure of a Danish shipyard. The control group comprised 441 men from another shipyard. The information on hospital admissions was obtained from the Danish national register of patients. The relative risk of admission in the control group dropped significantly in terms of the number of men admitted from the study group from 1.29 four to five years before closure to 0.74 in the three years after closure. This was especially true of admissions due to accidents (1.33 to 0.46) and diseases of the digestive system (4.53 to 1.03). For diseases of the circulatory system, particularly cardiovascular diseases, the relative risk increased from 0.8 to 1.60, and from 1.0 to 2.6 respectively.These changes in risk of illness after redundancy are probably a consequence of a change from the effects of a high risk work environment to the effects of psychosocial stresses such as job insecurity and unemployment.”

Embryonic development—the first few weeks

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin E. Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Developmental Anatomy ◽  
Fetal Period ◽  
Embryonic Period ◽  
Degree Of Overlap

Embryology is a fascinating subject and is the foundation of the development, growth, and maturation of all the cells, organs, and tissues of the body. Strictly, embryology is the study of the early processes of development beginning at fertilization and following the processes that turn a single cell into a multicellular organism. It is all about generation of the building blocks required to make a human body. Developmental anatomy is the study of how these building blocks are turned into specific cells, tissues, and organs as well as the general growth of the body. As you will soon appreciate in the following paragraphs, all organs and systems do not develop at the same rate so there is a degree of overlap between embryology and developmental anatomy. For example, the heart and circulatory system must develop and be functioning very early in development to ensure adequate supplies of nutrients to the developing fetal tissues. Teeth, on the other hand, are not going to be used until about six months after birth at the earliest; while the heart is already beating away, each developing tooth is merely a tiny group of cells bearing little resemblance to a fully formed tooth. Human gestation is considered to take nine months; more accurately, it usually lasts for 38 to 39 weeks from fertilization to birth. Clinically, it is divided into three trimesters of three months each. In this chapter, we will focus on events in the first few weeks. During the first two and a half weeks after fertilization, the very basic building blocks are formed from the single fertilized cell; this is the pre-embryonic period. The embryonic period covers the next five and half weeks during which these basic building blocks develop into the cells, tissues, and organs. As already indicated, some of these may be in a very rudimentary state at the end of the embryonic period. The remaining 30 or so weeks is the fetal period when the tissues and organs of the body grow and develop and the fetus grows considerably. We are not fully mature organisms at birth and have another 20 years a-growing.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the embryotoxicity in zebrafish (Danio rerio) of the flocculant and coagulant compounds used for water remediation

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Sousa Moura ◽  
Rafael Oliveira Duarte da Mota ◽  
José Francisco Gonçalves Júnior ◽  
Newton Flávio de Vasconcelos ◽  
Marco Aurélio Reis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Aquatic Toxicity ◽  
Zooplankton Biomass ◽  
Water Remediation ◽  
Fish Mortality ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Anionic Polymer ◽  
Aluminum Ions

Abstract Aim: Leaching from mining activities reaches water bodies, causing water contamination and acidification by toxic metals. As a consequence, oxygen depletion occurs, with the disappearance of certain benthic organisms, losses in phytoplankton and zooplankton biomass, and fish mortality. Remediation of contaminated water from mining involves the use of flocculants based on acrylamide monomers and polyacrylamide and of coagulants based on aluminum. Our aim was to assess the aquatic toxicity of the flocculant WF 424 and the coagulant WF 2000 PCA. Methods A flocculant anionic polymer (WF 424) and a coagulant polynuclear complex of polymerized hydro-aluminum ions (WF2000 PCA) were tested for embryotoxicity to zebrafish (Danio rerio, FET test - OEDC, 236, 2013). Results After 96 h of exposure to WF424, there was no significant lethality, nor were there sublethal effects such as hatching delay, heartbeat alteration, and malformation in embryonic development, when compared with the control group (p > 0.05). The coagulant compound WF2000 PCA did not show lethal effects during 96 h of exposure, and EC50 was considered as above the highest concentration-level tested. Conclusions For both compounds, no malformation, embryonic development delay or embryotoxicity were observed.

scholarly journals Role of Oats in Ameliorating Hepatic and Renal Toxicity Induced by Acute Lead Nanoparticles in Male Rats

2020 ◽  
pp. 38-45
Author(s):  
Sarah Alashmouni ◽  
Afaf El- Atrash ◽  
Manar Kandeel ◽  
Ehab Tousson
Keyword(s):  
Renal Damage ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
The Body ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Organ Systems

Aims: Lead is well known environmental pollutant, which can cause toxic effects in multiple organ systems. Lead originates from various industrial and/or household sources, and enters the body through food and fluid intakes, as well as by inhalation. No sufficient information present about the toxic effect of acute lead nanoparticles on kidney and liver. Accordingly, current study was performed to study the therapeutic effects of Oats extract towards the injection of lead nanoparticles (Pb NPs) in rat induced kidney and liver damage by increasing kidney and liver functions, and electrolytes. Study Design:  A total of 40 male adult albino rats were equally divided into four groups (Control group, Oats group, Pb NPs group as acute toxicity and last group is Pb NPs +Oats). Results: Current results revealed that; a significant increase in the levels of serum aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), urea, creatinine, potassium and chloride ions after injection with Pb NPs as compared to control group. In contrast; a significant decrease in serum albumin, total proteins, and sodium ions in Pb NPs as compared to control groups. Treatment of Pb NPs with Oats improved this change in liver and kidney functions as compared to Pb NPs group. Conclusion: These findings suggested that; lead nanoparticles injection induced hepatic and renal damage. This shows that the desired dose of Pb NPs can safely be used with Oats in improving hepatic and renal damage in toxic group in young rats.

scholarly journals Effect of Feeding Diet Containing Different Dose of Vitamin E with 1:2 of n-3/n-6 Fatty Acid Content on Reproductive Performance of Female Zebrafish Danio rerio

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
N.B.P Utomo ◽  
N. Nurjanah ◽  
Mia Setiawati
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hatching Rate ◽  
Reproduction Performance ◽  
Somatic Index

<p>The role of essential fatty acids  as a precursor of prostaglandin and as a component of cell membrane in the form of phospholipids, can affect cell fluidity. Vitamin E functions as  fatty acid antioxidant in the body and affects egg quality.  Vitamin E and essential fatty acids (<em>n</em>-3 and <em>n</em>-6) are required at the same time in a proper  ratio to induce fish gonad maturation.  Zebra fish <em>Danio rerio</em> broodstock in 29 days pre-saline were fed on diet containing 4 different vitamin E concentration; i.e. 325, 375, 425 and 475 mg/kg diet with constant n-3 and n-6 fatty acid doses of 1% and 2%, respectively, for 6 weeks.  Reproduction performance in terms of fecundity was improved (p<0.05), whilst gonado somatic index, gonado somatic index saline, fertilization rate, hatching rate, survival rate, yolk absorption rate and daily growth rate were insignificantly different.</p> <p>Keywords: vitamin E, fatty acid, reproduction performance, <em>Danio rerio</em></p> <h1> </h1> <h1>ABSTRAK</h1> <p>Asam lemak esensial berperan sebagai prekursor prostaglandin dan sebagai fosfolipid pada membran sel yang dapat mempengaruhi fluiditasnya. Sedangkan vitamin E berperan  sebagai antioksidan asam lemak dalam tubuh sehingga berpengaruh terhadap kualitas telur yang dihasilkan. Vitamin E dan asam lemak  essensial (n-3 dan n-6) dibutuhkan secara bersamaan dengan kombinasi perbandingan yang tepat untuk pematangan gonad ikan. Induk ikan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah ikan zebra<em> Danio rerio</em> yang berumur 29 hari pra salin dan dipelihara selama 6 minggu dengan pakan mengandung kadar vitamin E yang berbeda yaitu 325, 375, 425, dan 475 mg/kg pakan pada kadar asam lemak n-3 (1%) dan n-6 (2 %) tetap. Penampilan reproduksi pra salin ikan tersebut hanya berpengaruh nyata terhadap fekunditas namun tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap gonado somatik indek, gonado somatik indek salin, derajat pembuahan telur, derajat tetas telur, kelangsungan hidup larva, laju penyerapan kuning telur dan laju pertumbuhan harian.</p> <p>Kata kunci: Vitamin E, asam lemak, penampilan reproduksi, <em>Danio rerio</em></p>

scholarly journals PLANNING ON HATCHING TIME OF GROUPER EGGS THROUGH DIFFERENT INCUBATION TEMPERATURES

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Regina Melianawati ◽  
Philip Teguh Imanto ◽  
Made Suastika
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Incubation Time ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
The Body ◽  
Development Pattern ◽  
Hatching Rate ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Hatching Time ◽  
Tiger Grouper ◽  
Lower Temperature

Groupers were known as a high economically marine commodity and in order to support groupers production, the seed availability was the most important. Eggs are still as limited factor in hatchery production, for this reason the success of eggs transportation is one as base of successful production of seed. Planning on hatching time of eggs through different incubation temperature was an option to solve that problem. This experiment was aimed to find out the optimum temperature for groupers eggs and the minimum temperature to arrange incubation time and to plan the hatching time. Fertilized eggs were incubated into three beaker glasses of 1 liter in volume with the density of ± 250 eggs/liter. The incubation was done under laboratory condition at controlled temperature, i.e. (A) 21-22 ºC, (B) 24-25 ºC, (C) 27-28 ºC and (D) 30-31 ºC. The eggs that used were including orange spotted grouper (Epinephelus coiodes), brown marbled grouper (E. microdon), tiger grouper (E. fuscoguttatus) and humpback grouper (Cromileptes altivelis). Investigated variables were embryonic development pattern, incubation time and hatching rate. The result showed that the eggs incubated in temperature range of 24-31°C had the normal sequence of embryonic development pattern, but in temperature of 21-22°C performed irregular sequence and the embryonic development stopped at blastula or gastrula stage or even the eggs could still develop but the body of hatched larvae were abnormal. In lower temperature incubation, the incubation time was longer and the hatching rate of eggs was lower than those in higher temperature. Therefore the optimum temperature for incubation of orange spotted grouper, marbled grouper, tiger grouper and humpback grouper eggs ranged between 24-31 ºC, while the lowest possible temperature was 24 ºC.Keywords: incubation temperature, embryonic development pattern, grouper eggs, hatching rate

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