scholarly journals TECHNOLOGY OF MUSHROOM CULTIVATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 265
Author(s):  
Quyen Bao Thuy Ho ◽  
Akira Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Mushroom Cultivation ◽  
Strict Control ◽  
Aseptic Condition ◽  
Cultivation Process ◽  
Log Cultivation

Mushroom cultivation has been developed by two ways, i. e., one based on cultivation by wood-log and another based on cultivation by non-wood-log. Non-wood-log cultivation would be categorized into two aspects. Mushroom cultivation under non-aseptic condition, i. e., one characterized by the processes of fermentation (composting) and casing, and another characterized by using sterilized media followed by cultivation process associated with strict control of environmental factors such as light, temperature, humidity, and CO2 concentration.

Effect of Climate Change on Agricultural Production

2022 ◽  
pp. 99-114
Author(s):  
Helena Esteves Correia ◽  
Daniela de Vasconcelos Teixeira Agu Costa
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Ozone Level ◽  
Average Temperature

Agricultural production is influenced by environmental factors such as temperature, air humidity, soil water, light intensity, and CO2 concentration. However, climate change has influenced the values of average temperature, precipitation, global atmospheric CO2 concentration, or ozone level. Thus, climate change could lead to different situations on plants and consequently influence agricultural production. With this chapter, the authors intend to research how climate change influences some plant metabolisms (such as photosynthesis, photorespiration, transpiration, among others) and therefore agricultural production.

scholarly journals Influence of Environmental Factors Light, CO2, Temperature, and Relative Humidity on Stomatal Opening and Development: A Review

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1975
Author(s):  
Elisa Driesen ◽  
Wim Van den Ende ◽  
Maurice De Proft ◽  
Wouter Saeys
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Stomatal Development ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
The Impact

Stomata, the microscopic pores surrounded by a pair of guard cells on the surfaces of leaves and stems, play an essential role in regulating the gas exchange between a plant and the surrounding atmosphere. Stomatal development and opening are significantly influenced by environmental conditions, both in the short and long term. The rapid rate of current climate change has been affecting stomatal responses, as a new balance between photosynthesis and water-use efficiency has to be found. Understanding the mechanisms involved in stomatal regulation and adjustment provides us with new insights into the ability of stomata to process information and evolve over time. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in research on the underlying mechanisms of the interaction between environmental factors and stomatal development and opening. Specific emphasis is placed on the environmental factors including light, CO2 concentration, ambient temperature, and relative humidity, as these factors play a significant role in understanding the impact of global climate change on plant development.

scholarly journals Comparative Transcriptomics of Flammulina filiformis Suggests a High CO2 Concentration Inhibits Early Pileus Expansion by Decreasing Cell Division Control Pathways

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (23) ◽  
pp. 5923
Author(s):  
Jun-Jie Yan ◽  
Zong-Jun Tong ◽  
Yuan-Yuan Liu ◽  
Yi-Ning Li ◽  
Chen Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Ubiquitin Proteasome System ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Mushroom Cultivation ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
High Co2 ◽  
Kegg Pathways ◽  
High Co2 Concentration

Carbon dioxide is commonly used as one of the significant environmental factors to control pileus expansion during mushroom cultivation. However, the pileus expansion mechanism related to CO2 is still unknown. In this study, the young fruiting bodies of a popular commercial mushroom Flammulina filiformis were cultivated under different CO2 concentrations. In comparison to the low CO2 concentration (0.05%), the pileus expansion rates were significantly lower under a high CO2 concentration (5%). Transcriptome data showed that the up-regulated genes enriched in high CO2 concentration treatments mainly associated with metabolism processes indicated that the cell metabolism processes were active under high CO2 conditions. However, the gene ontology (GO) categories and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways associated with cell division processes contained down-regulated genes at both 12 h and 36 h under a high concentration of CO2. Transcriptome and qRT-PCR analyses demonstrated that a high CO2 concentration had an adverse effect on gene expression of the ubiquitin–proteasome system and cell cycle–yeast pathway, which may decrease the cell division ability and exhibit an inhibitory effect on early pileus expansion. Our research reveals the molecular mechanism of inhibition effects on early pileus expansion by elevated CO2, which could provide a theoretical basis for a CO2 management strategy in mushroom cultivation.

scholarly journals Deep-Learning Temporal Predictor via Bidirectional Self-Attentive Encoder–Decoder Framework for IOT-Based Environmental Sensing in Intelligent Greenhouse

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 802
Author(s):  
Xue-Bo Jin ◽  
Wei-Zhen Zheng ◽  
Jian-Lei Kong ◽  
Xiao-Yi Wang ◽  
Min Zuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Temporal Data ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Threshold Filter ◽  
Long Short Term Memory

Smart agricultural greenhouses provide well-controlled conditions for crop cultivation but require accurate prediction of environmental factors to ensure ideal crop growth and management efficiency. Due to the limitations of existing predictors in dealing with massive, nonlinear, and dynamic temporal data, this study proposes a bidirectional self-attentive encoder–decoder framework (BEDA) to construct the long-time predictor for multiple environmental factors with high nonlinearity and noise in a smart greenhouse. Firstly, the original data are denoised by wavelet threshold filter and pretreatment operations. Secondly, the bidirectional long short-term-memory is selected as the fundamental unit to extract time-serial features. Then, the multi-head self-attention mechanism is incorporated into the encoder–decoder framework to improve the prediction performance. Experimental investigations are conducted in a practical greenhouse to accurately predict indoor environmental factors (temperature, humidity, and CO2) from noisy IoT-based sensors. The best model for all datasets was the proposed BEDA method, with the root mean square error of three factors’ prediction reduced to 2.726, 3.621, and 49.817, and with an R of 0.749 for temperature, 0.848 for humidity, and 0.8711 for CO2 concentration, respectively. The experimental results show that the favorable prediction accuracy, robustness, and generalization of the proposed method make it suitable to more precisely manage greenhouses.

scholarly journals Comparison of glucose yield from rubberwood sawdust (RSD), growth medium (GM), and mushroom spent medium (MSM) under different sodium hydroxide pretreatment techniques

2018 ◽  
Vol 150 ◽  
pp. 06023
Author(s):  
Siti Aminah Mohd Hassan ◽  
Muhammad Syarhabil Ahmad ◽  
Amira Farzana Samat ◽  
Nur Zatul ‘Iffah Zakaria ◽  
Khairunissa Syairah Ahmad Sohaimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Flat Surface ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Enzymatic Saccharification ◽  
Fibre Surface ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Mushroom Cultivation ◽  
Glucose Yield ◽  
Naoh Pretreatment ◽  
Cultivation Process

Large quantities of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus sajor caju. )spent medium (MSM) were disposed of as agricultural waste to the environment and thereby constituting environmental pollution. Therefore the study was conducted to examine the feasibility of using MSM as glucose source in comparison to RSD and GM under different NaOH pretreatment techniques and at the same enzymatic saccharification condition. The composition analysis proved that decreases in lignocellulosic contents occurred after cultivation of The amount of lignin, hemicelluloses, and cellulose in MSM showed lower values than those in RSD and GM which were 22.40, 27.93, and 27.97% respectively. The surface morphology of MSM appeared to be rough and broken and traces of hyphen on the fibre surface were observed as a result from the mushroom cultivation process. RSD and FM had an even and smooth flat surface, indicating a rigid and highly ordered surface structure. The highest glucose yield were obtained from MSM under all three NaOH pretreatment techniques (autoclaving at 121°C, heating in water bath, soaking at room temperature), that were 31.07, 30.13, and 21.97, g/ dry substrate respectively. The amount of glucose obtained from RSD and GM under the same treatments were comparable.

scholarly journals PKM USAHA PRODUKSI JAMUR TIRAM DANOLAHANNYA DI NAGARI BISATI SUNGAI SARIAK KECAMATAN VII KOTO KABUPATEN PADANG PARIAMAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
Dian Pramana Putra ◽  
Rera Aga Salihat ◽  
Yulfi Desi
Keyword(s):  
Oyster Mushroom ◽  
Mushroom Cultivation ◽  
Limited Knowledge ◽  
Traditional Markets ◽  
Mushroom Harvest ◽  
Cultivation Process ◽  
Oyster Mushrooms ◽  
Processed Products ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
Coaching Activities

Nagari Bisati Sungai Sariak merupakan salah satu desa di Kecamatan VII Koto Kabupaten Padang Pariaman yang sebagian besar penduduknya merupakan petani.Salah satu usaha pertanian yang mulai berkembang di Nagari Bisati yaitu usaha budidaya jamur tiram yang tergolong kedalam industri ekonomi produktif. Salah satu usaha budidaya jamur tiram terdapat di Nagari Bisati yang dikelola oleh ibu Delvia.Usaha produksi jamur tiram ini belum mampu memproduksi jamur tiram dengan jumlah yang banyak.Hasil produksi jamur tiram hanya cukup untuk dipasarkan di daerah sekitar dan di beberapa pasar tradisional saja. Hal ini disebabkan beberapa hal seperti, keterbatasan alat dalam penyediaan media baglog jamur tiram; Terbatasanya pengetahuan dalam pengembangan budidaya jamur tiram; Terbatasnya pengetahuan dalam pengolahan hasil panen jamur tiram; Terbatasnya pengetahuan tentang sanitasi proses budidaya jamur tiram; serta Permasalahan permodalan dalam menunjang kegiatan budidaya jamur tiram; Keterbatasan alat sterilisasi baglog dan alat inokulasi bibit jamur. Metode pemecahan masalah yang digunakan berupa pelatihan penggunaan alat sterilisasi baglog dan inokulasi bibit jamur, pengenalan sanitasi pada proses budidaya jamur tiram, pengenalan dan pelatihan pembuatan produk olahan jamur tiram dan pengemasan produk olahan jamur tiram. Dari kegiatan pendampingan dan pembinaan pada mitra diharapkan dapat meningkatkan jiwa kewirausahaan sehingga nantinya dapat meningkatkan pendapatan dan kesejahteraan mitra.Dengan adanya usaha pengolahan jamur tiram menjadi produk pangan maka produk-produk olahan tersebut dapat dipasarkan didaerah sekitar dan ke pasar modern. Kata kunci : Jamur Tiram, Budidaya, Produk Olahan, Inovasi Teknologi ABSTRACT Nagari Bisati Sungai Sariak is one of the villages in VII Koto Subdistrict, Padang Pariaman Regency where most of the population are farmers. One of the agricultural businesses that have begun to develop in Nagari Bisati is the cultivation of oyster mushrooms which is classified as a productive economy industry. One of the oyster mushroom cultivation businesses is in Nagari Bisati which is managed by Mrs. Delvia. This oyster mushroom production business has not been able to produce oyster mushrooms in large quantities. The production of oyster mushrooms is only sufficient to be marketed in the surrounding area and in several traditional markets. This is due to several things such as limited tools in the supply of oyster mushroom baglog media; Limited knowledge in the development of oyster mushroom cultivation; Limited knowledge in processing oyster mushroom harvest; Limited knowledge about the sanitation of oyster mushroom cultivation process; as well as capital problems in supporting oyster mushroom cultivation activities; Limited baglog sterilizer and mushroom seed inoculation tools. The problem-solving method used is in the form of training in the use of baglog sterilizers and inoculation of mushroom seeds, introduction to sanitation in the oyster mushroom cultivation process, introduction and training in making oyster mushroom products and packaging of processed oyster mushroom products. From mentoring and coaching activities to partners, it is hoped that it can increase the spirit of entrepreneurship so that later it can increase partner income and welfare. With the business of processing oyster mushrooms into food products, these processed products can be marketed in surrounding areas and to modern markets. Keywords: Oyster Mushrooms, Cultivation, Processed Products, Technological Innovation

scholarly journals Response of Physiological Indicators to Environmental Factors under Water Level Regulation of Paddy Fields in Southern China

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Menghua Xiao ◽  
Yuanyuan Li ◽  
Bin Lu ◽  
Zimei Miao
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Coupling Mechanism ◽  
Level Control ◽  
Quadratic Curve ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
Change Curve

Agricultural water level control is the key to the combined control of water-saving irrigation and controlled drainage. It is easy to observe and master in farmland practice, and has important theoretical and practical significance. In this paper, a systematic study on stomatal regulation and photosynthetic-evapotranspiration coupling mechanism, as well as the effect of meteorological environmental factors on photosynthetic-evapotranspiration coupling mechanism of paddy rice in drought and flooding conditions was conducted by taking paddy field’s water level as a regulation indicator of paddy rice’s irrigation and drainage. Results showed that net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and evapotranspiration rate (Tr) had quadratic and linear relationship with stomatal conductance (Gs), respectively. The responding range of Gs in drought condition was lower than that in flooding condition. Drought stress aggravated the photosynthetic stomatal limitation of rice leaves at noon, and partial closure of stomata was the main reason resulting in the reduction of Pn suffering from drought at noon. Change curve of paddy rice’s leaf temperature difference (ΔT) showed a W or V type daily change curve and its change rule was rightly contrary to that of Tr. Pn had quadratic curve relationships with photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and surrounding CO2 concentration (Cs) both in the morning and in the afternoon, Pn had quadratic curve relationships in the morning and linear relationships in the afternoon with air temperature (Ta), respectively. Tr showed linear relationships with PAR, Ta, relative air humidity (RH) and barometric pressure saturation deficit (VPD).

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