scholarly journals The seroprevalence of human brucellosis in different age groups patients and other associated risk factors in Duhok, Iraq

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahde S Assafi ◽  
Muslim A Allu ◽  
Ibtesam S Abdulrahman ◽  
Mohammad I Al-Berfkani
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Human Brucellosis ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
Surveillance Programs ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Significant Health

Introduction: Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease contributing to significant health and economic problems worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate the seroprevalence and the associated risk factors of brucellosis among people admitted to Azadi general hospital, Duhok, Iraq. Patients and Methods: A total of 1283 patient blood samples (603 males and 680 females) were collected through the period of January 2017 to December 2017 from people at different age groups admitting Azadi general hospital, Duhok, Iraq. All collected sera were screened for the seroprevalence of Brucella using Rose Bengal plate test kit. Results: Among the 1283 blood samples, the overall seroprevalence of brucellosis was 17.8%. The highest rate was recorded in age group between 21–30 years(22.7%) and the different distribution of human brucellosis among age groups was statistically significant (p=0.0076). The frequency of brucellosis in females (20%) was significantly higher than males (15.3%) (p=026). The distribution of brucellosis according to the seasonal changes was statistically significant (p= 0.003) (25.64% in July and 9.75% in December). Conclusions: The incidence of the brucellosis is high, and it remains a challenging health problem. The age, gender, and seasonal changes are considered as important risk factors for the distribution of the diseases. Surveillance programs and active screening for brucellosis are essential to prevent, control, and to reduce the incidence of the brucellosis.

scholarly journals Incidence and Risk Factors of Illnesses Presumably Caused by A SARS-CoV-2 Infection in The General Population During The Lockdown Period: A Multi-Cohort Study.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrice Carrat ◽  
Mathilde Touvier ◽  
Gianluca Severi ◽  
Laurence Meyer ◽  
Florence Jusot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
General Population ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sudden Onset ◽  
Obese People ◽  
Cox Models ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Diseases ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Abstract Background Our main objectives were to estimate the incidence of illnesses presumably caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection during the lockdown period and to identify the associated risk factors.Methods Participants from 3 adult cohorts in the general population in France were invited to participate in a survey on COVID-19. The main outcome was possible COVID-19, defined as a sudden onset of cough, fever, dyspnea, ageusia and/or anosmia, that lasted more than 3 days and occurred during the 17 days before the survey. We used delayed-entry Cox models to identify associated factors.Results Between April 2, 2020 and May 12, 2020, 279,478 participants were invited, 116,903 validated the questionnaire and 106,848 were included in the analysis. Three thousand thirty-five cases of possible COVID-19 were reported during 62,099 person-months of follow-up. The cumulative incidences of possible COVID-19 were 6.2% (95% Confidence Interval (95%CI): 5.7%; 6.6%) on day 15 and 8.8% (95%CI 8.3%; 9.2%) on day 45 of lockdown. The risk of possible COVID-19 was lower in older age groups and higher in French regions with a high prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection, in participants living in cities >100,000 inhabitants (vs rural areas), when at least one child or adolescent was living in the same household, in overweight or obese people, and in people with chronic respiratory diseases, anxiety or depression or chronic diseases other than diabetes, cancer, hypertension or cardiovascular diseases. Conclusion The incidence of possible COVID-19 in the general population remained high during the first two weeks of lockdown, and decreased significantly thereafter. Modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors were identified.

scholarly journals Prevalence of diarrhoea, and associated risk factors, in children aged 0-5 years, at two hospitals in Umuahia, Abia, Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
Adanma Florence Nwaoha ◽  
Camelita Chima Ohaeri ◽  
Ebube Charles Amaechi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Medical Centers ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
The Government ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
And Control

Diarrhoea is the second leading cause of infectious mor­bidity and mortality in children under five years of age. This study aimed at identifying the most common parasites and potential risk factors for diarrhoea among children 0-5 years attending Abia State Specialist hospital and Federal Medical Centre, Umuahia, in south east­ern Nigeria. We used 400 faecal samples from children with diarrhoea –and 200 without– in combination with hospital-based case control and a questionnaire Stool samples were processed with direct normal saline and formal-ether sedimentation method for parasitological stud­ies. More males than females were infected in nearly all age groups in both diarrhoeal and control groups (X2=23.04, df=1, P<0.05: X2=11.52, df=1, P<0.05 respectively). Amachara had more infections (X2=0.15, df=1, P< 0.05). January had the highest rate of infection (22.5%). Main clinical features were watery depositions over 3 times a day, diarrhoea lasting for days, fever, vomiting, and dehydration. Mothers learned about the problem through health workers, television and in medical centers. Risk correlated with mother’s education, occupation, latrine type, waste water disposal, hand washing, kitchen cleaning; sources and storage of water; and bottle milk (P< 0.05).Ignorance greatly con­tributed to the spread of parasitic disease in the area: the government should improve education and other strategies to alleviate the spread of the disease..

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of human Brucellosis and associated risk factors among high-risk occupations in Mbeya Region of Tanzania

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick D. Sagamiko ◽  
Ruth L. Mfune ◽  
Bernard M. Hang’ombe ◽  
Esron D. Karimuribo ◽  
Alfred M. Mwanza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Human Brucellosis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Occupationally Exposed ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Background: Brucellosis is a bacterial zoonotic disease of public health and economic importance. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Mbeya region between November 2015 and January 2016 to investigate the seroprevalence of human brucellosis and identify associated risk factors among individuals in risky occupations. Methods: A total of 425 humans from six occupational categories were serially tested for Brucella antibodies using the Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and competitive Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (c-ELISA), for screening and confirmation, respectively. A questionnaire survey was also administered to participants to collect epidemiological data. Results: The overall seroprevalence among the occupationally exposed individuals was 1.41% (95% CI: 00.64-3.12). Seroprevalence was higher among butcher men 5.6% (95% CI: 1.68-5.26), herds men 1.35% (95% CI: 0.18-9.02); and abattoir workers 1.1% (95% CI: 0.26-4.22) although there was no statistical significance. (P value = .18). Seroprevalence was also higher among men (1.8%) compared to females (0%) (P value = .19). and also, among those aged < 11 years (2.5%). Individuals who consumed raw milk had a higher seroprevalence (1.56%) compared to those who drunk boiled milk while seropositivity was 0.88% among those who assisted animals during parturition (P value = .49). Butcher men were at higher risk of exposure compared to other occupational categories. Our findings show the presence of brucellosis in occupationally exposed individuals in Mbeya region.Conclusion: There is need to sensitize the concerned professions in order to reduce the risk of acquiring Brucella infections from animals and animal products This also calls for public health awareness about the disease, and implementation of measures to prevent further spread of brucellosis within and outside the study area.

scholarly journals Pott’s Spine with Tubercular Meningitis and Primary Optic Atrophy: An Enigma with a Rare Cautionary Tale

2019 ◽  
Vol 08 (03) ◽  
pp. 199-202
Author(s):  
Khursheed Alam Khan ◽  
Kunj Bihari Saraswat ◽  
Tushar Marbate ◽  
Ashok Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Optic Atrophy ◽  
Delayed Diagnosis ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Cautionary Tale ◽  
Tubercular Meningitis ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Tuberculosis Of Spine ◽  
Significant Health

AbstractTuberculosis of spine, known as Pott’s spine, is a significant health risk. Misdiagnosis or delayed diagnosis with lack of timely interventions lead to serious neurological complications and is associated with morbidity and mortality. We present a case of Pott’s spine who developed tubercular meningitis with decreased vision due to primary optic atrophy, to highlight the significance of thorough clinical and neuroradiological workup with instillation of prompt antitubercular therapy in patients of central nervous system tuberculosis (CNS TB). This association of Pott’s spine with decreased vision secondary to primary optic atrophy due to tubercular involvement of the second cranial nerve is very rare. Here, associated risk factors, varied clinical presentations, complications, and treatment of CNS TB are reviewed.

Evaluating serum elastin levels in striae gravidarum

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-82
Author(s):  
Beril Gürlek ◽  
Ülkü Mete Ural ◽  
Sibel Tuğcugil ◽  
Medeni Arpa ◽  
Özgür Önal
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Active Phase ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Striae Gravidarum ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract Objective Striae gravidarum (SG) is the most common dermatological defect in pregnancy leading to cosmetic anxiety with unknown etiopathogenesis. The aim of the study was to analyze the relation between serum elastin levels and striae and identify possible independent associated risk factors. Materials and methods This was a prospective observational study. In total, 138 primipara pregnant women were examined before delivery. Participants were separated into two groups according to the presence of SG. Striae assessment was performed according to Davey score. Before the active phase of labor patients were physically examined and blood samples were collected. Personal characteristics, features of birth, skin findings and serum elastin levels were compared between groups. Results Term pregnant women with SG had significantly higher serum elastin levels than those without SG (99.46 ± 32.92 vs. 88.36 ± 19.12, respectively; p = 0.018). Conclusions Serum elastin levels were increased in women with SG. However, the newly synthesized elastin may not be functional as it is thin and disorganized. Therefore, increased elastin production may not prevent the formation of striae. This finding may provide an impetus to explore the pathomechanisms of striae. Further controlled trials are warranted to determine the clinical significance of serum elastin levels in the formation of SG.

scholarly journals Infestation and Identification of Ixodid Tick in Cattle: The Case of Arbegona District, Southern Ethiopia

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelalu Kemal ◽  
Nateneal Tamerat ◽  
Temesgen Tuluka
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Tick Infestation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Ixodid Tick ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
High Burden ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Relative Prevalence

The study was conducted from October 2014 to June 2015 to estimate tick prevalence and identify major tick genera infesting cattle and the associated risk factors in Arbegona district, southern Ethiopia. A total of 2024 adult ticks were collected from main body parts of animals and eight species of ticks which belong to three genera were identified. Questionnaire survey was employed concerning the general case on the tick infestation problems on the cattle. From 384 cattle examined, 291 (75.7%) were found to be infested with one or more types of tick species. The relative prevalence of each genera was Amblyomma (34.9%), Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) (26.6%), Hyalomma (19.2%), and Rhipicephalus (19%). The prevalence of tick infestation in good (65.5%), medium (74%), and poor body condition animal (100%) was found to be statistically significant (p<0.05). There was also significantly (p<0.05) higher prevalence in old (98.4%) than adult (78.8%) and young (59.8%) age groups of animals. In the survey, 87.5% of respondents believe that there was tick infestation problem in their locality. This study showed there was high burden and prevalence of ticks that still play major roles in reducing productivity and cause health problems of cattle in the area which call for urgent attention.

scholarly journals Human brucellosis: sero-prevalence and associated risk factors in agro-pastoral communities of Kiboga District, Central Uganda

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Tumwine ◽  
Enock Matovu ◽  
John David Kabasa ◽  
David Okello Owiny ◽  
Samuel Majalija
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Human Brucellosis ◽  
Pastoral Communities ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of human Brucellosis and associated risk factors among high risk occupations in Mbeya Region of Tanzania

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick D. Sagamiko ◽  
John B. Muma ◽  
Esron D. Karimuribo ◽  
Alfred A. Mwanza ◽  
Ruth L. Mfune ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Human Brucellosis ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Abattoir Workers

AbstractBackgroundBrucellosis is an infectious zoonotic disease that affects humans, livestock and wildlife.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in Mbeya region between November 2015 and January 2016 to investigate the seroprevalence of human brucellosis and identify associated risk factors among individuals in risky occupations in Mbeya Region. A total of 425 humans from six occupational categories were serially tested for Brucella antibodies using the Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and competitive Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (c-ELISA), for screening and confirmation, respectively. A questionnaire survey was administered to participants collect epidemiological data.ResultsThe overall seroprevalence among the high risk occupational individuals was 1.41% (95% CI: 0.01-0.03). Seroprevalence among the different occupations were as follows: shepherds 1.33% (95% CI: 0.14-0.22); butcher men 5.26% (95% CI: 0.10-0.17) and abattoir workers 1.08% (95% CI: 0.39-0.49). Seroprevalence was noted to vary according to occupation type, milk consumption behaviour, age and sex. Butcher men recorded the highest seroprevalence (5.0%) while individuals who consumed unboiled milk had a higher seroprevalence (1.56%) compared to those who drunk boiled milk. High seropositivity (2.25%) was observed among the age group of 1-10 years while male individuals had a higher seroprevalence (1.41%) than females (0%). Butcher men were at higher risk of exposure compared to other professions.ConclusionOur findings show the presence of brucellosis in occupationally exposed individuals in Mbeya region. There is need to sensitize the exposed individuals in order to reduce the risk of acquiring Brucella infections from animals and animal products This also calls for public health awareness about the disease, and implementation of control measures that will prevent further spread of brucellosis within and outside the study area..Author summaryBrucellosis is a bacterial zoonosis that has evolved to establish itself as an occupational and food-borne disease Worldwide. It is responsible for huge economic losses incurred by livestock keepers and poses a public health risk to humans in most developing countries. In Tanzania, which has the 3rd highest cattle population in Africa, many studies that have been done show that brucellosis exists in livestock, especially in cattle and wildlife. However, very few studies have reported on human brucellosis. The disease has been reported to occur in humans who have direct exposure to cattle or cattle products like livestock farmers, abattoir workers, veterinarians, shepherds and farm workers in many developing countries. A few studies in Tanzania have reported seroprevalences among these high-risk occupations; however, the disease has not been fully described in Mbeya region. This study was therefore aimed at filling these information gaps and contributing to the existing body of knowledge.

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