scholarly journals TEORES E EXTRAÇÃO DE MACRONUTRIENTES PELAS FOLHAS DO ABACAXIZEIRO ‘VITÓRIA’ SOB ADUBAÇÃO POTÁSSICA E LÂMINAS DE IRRIGAÇÃO

Irriga ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 400-419
Author(s):  
Jefferson Bittencourt Venâncio ◽  
Wellinton Farias Araújo ◽  
Edvan Alves Chagas ◽  
Rafael Souza Melo

TEORES E EXTRAÇÃO DE MACRONUTRIENTES PELAS FOLHAS DO ABACAXIZEIRO ‘VITÓRIA’ SOB ADUBAÇÃO POTÁSSICA E LÂMINAS DE IRRIGAÇÃO*  JEFFERSON BITTENCOURT VENÂCIO1; WELLINTON FARIAS ARAÚJO2; EDVAN ALVEZ CHAGAS3 E RAFAEL SOUZA MELO4  [1]Mestre em Agronomia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia (POSAGRO), Departamento de Solos e Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal de Roraima, Centro de Ciências Agrárias (UFRR/CCA), Rodovia BR 174, km 12, Monte Cristo, Boa Vista – RR, Campus Cauamé, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected];2Professor Dr. Associado, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia (POSAGRO), Departamento de Solos e Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal de Roraima, Centro de Ciências Agrárias (UFRR/CCA), Rodovia BR 174, km 12, Monte Cristo, Boa Vista – RR, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected];3Pesquisador, Departamento de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, Embrapa Roraima, Rodovia BR 174, km 8, Distrito Industrial, Boa Vista – RR, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] Agropecuário, Departamento de Defesa Vegetal, Agência de Defesa Agropecuária do Estado de Roraima (ADERR), Rua Coronel Mota, 1.142, Centro, Boa Vista – RR, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected].*Extraído da dissertação de mestrado do primeiro autor  1      RESUMO As condições de cultivo podem afetar o estado nutricional e a extração de nutrientes pelas plantas. Assim, um experimento de campo foi realizado nas condições edafoclimáticas da savana de Roraima, objetivando avaliar o efeito de doses de K2O e lâminas de irrigação sobre o estado nutricional e a extração de macronutrientes pelas folhas do abacaxizeiro ‘Vitória’, em diferentes idades fisiológicas da planta. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o em blocos inteiramente casualizados em arranjo de parcelas sub-subdivididas. As parcelas foram compostas pelas doses de potássio – K2O - 0, 10, 20 e 30 g planta-1, as subparcelas foram compostas pelas lâminas de irrigação em “line source” - 134,9; 267,5; 446,8; 558,3; e 655,2 mm, e as sub-subparcelas pelas épocas de amostragem - 120, 195, 270 e 345 dias após o plantio (DAP). O estado nutricional dos abacaxizeiros foi avaliado quanto aos teores foliares de N, P, K, Ca, Mg e as relações K:N, K:Ca e K:Mg nas folhas. Os teores foliares de K e P não sofreram alterações com as doses de K2O, mas foram afetados significativamente pelo menor regime hídrico (134,9 mm), principalmente nas épocas de maior déficit hídrico. Os teores foliares de N responderam positivamente ao incremento do K2O no solo, aos 120 DAP, e decresceram a partir de 270 DAP. A irrigação em nível mais elevado (655,2 mm) reduziu os teores foliares de N. Aos 345 DAP, os teores foliares de Ca e Mg reduziram significativamente com o aumento das doses de K2O, e apresentaram resposta diferencial aos níveis de irrigação adotados. A relação K:N no tecido foliar não foi afetada pela adubação, mas as relações K:Ca e K:Mg aumentaram significativamente. As lâminas de irrigação influenciaram essas relações de forma diferenciada sendo dependentes da época de amostragem. A ordem de extração de nutrientes nas folhas foi K>N>Ca>Mg>P e, aos 345 DAP, sendo 141,09 kg ha-1 de K (169,95 kg ha-1 de K2O); 76,97 kg ha-1 de N; 42,58 kg ha-1 de Ca; 25,70 kg ha-1 de Mg; e 9,48 kg ha-1 de P (21,72 kg ha-1 de P2O5). A relação de extração N:P:K:Ca:Mg foi de 1,00:0,12:1,83:0,55:0,33. Nas condições de savana de Roraima, considerando a produção de massa seca foliar (MSF), recomenda-se a dose de 16 g planta-1 de K2O e elevar a umidade do solo à capacidade de campo, quando a tensão de água no solo atingir a faixa de 25 a 50 kPa. Palavras-chave: Ananas comosus var. comosus, nutrição mineral, savana, Amazônia.  VENÂCIO, J.B; ARAÚJO, W.F.; CHAGAS, E.A.; MELO, R.S.LEVELS AND UPTAKE OF MACRONUTRIENT BY 'VITORIA' PINEAPPLE LEAVES UNDER POTASSIUM FERTILIZATION AND IRRIGATION 2      ABSTRACT The field experiment was conducted at conditions of the savanna of Roraima to evaluate the effect of potassium and irrigation levels on nutritional status and macronutrient uptake by leaves of pineapple 'Vitoria' in different physiological ages of the plant. The experimental design was a completely randomized block with split-split plot arrangement. The plots were composed by potassium – K2O - (0, 10, 20 and 30 g plant- 1), the subplots were composed by irrigation in "line source" - 134.9; 267.5; 446.8; 558.3; and 655.2 mm , and sub - subplots , the sampling times - 120, 195, 270 and 345 days after planting (DAP). The nutritional status of pineapple was evaluated for macronutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg and K:N ratio, K:Ca and K:Mg) in the leaves. The foliar concentrations of K and P were not altered by doses of potassium, but were significantly less affected by water regime (134.9 mm), especially in times of increased water deficit. The foliar N content responded positively to increase of potassium at 120 DAP and decreased from 270 DAP. The irrigation in its highest level (655.2 mm) reduced foliar N. At 345 DAP, the foliar Ca and Mg were significantly decreased with increasing doses of potassium and showed differential response to irrigation levels. The K:N ratio in leaf tissue was not affected by fertilization, but the relations K:Ca and K:Mg were significantly increased. Water depth influenced these relationships differently by the time of sampling. The order of extraction of nutrients in the leaves was K > N > Ca > Mg > P at 345 DAP , with 141.09 kg ha - 1 of K (169.95 kg ha-1 K2O); 76.97 kg ha-1 of N; 42.58 kg ha- 1 of Ca; 25.70 kg ha-1 of Mg; and 9.48 kg ha-1 of P (21.72 kg ha-1 P2O5). The extraction ratio was N:P:K:Ca:Mg 1.00:0.12:1.83:0.55:0.33, respectively. Keywords: Ananas comosus var. comosus; mineral nutrition; savanna; Amazônia.

Irriga ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 432-448
Author(s):  
Cícero José da Silva ◽  
José Antônio Frizzone ◽  
César Antônio da Silva ◽  
Nadson de Carvalho Pontes ◽  
Luiz Felipe Mariano da Silva ◽  
...  

DESENVOLVIMENTO DO TOMATEIRO INDUSTRIAL EM RESPOSTA A DIFERENTES NÍVEIS DE IRRIGAÇÃO     Cícero José da Silva1; José Antônio Frizzone2; César Antônio da Silva3; Nadson de Carvalho Pontes4; Luiz Felipe Mariano da Silva5 E Ênio Eduardo Basílio6   1Professor do Curso Bacharelado em Agronomia, Instituto Federal Goiano – Campus Morrinhos – GO, BR 153, Km 633, Zonal Rural, CEP;75650-000, Morrinhos – GO, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 2Professor Aposentado Colaborador Senior, Departamento de Engenharia de Biossitemas, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz” – Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Pádua Dias, N 11, Caixa Postal 9, CEP: 13418-900, Piracicaba – SP, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 3Professor do Curso Bacharelado em Agronomia, Instituto Federal Goiano – Campus Morrinhos – GO, BR 153, Km 633, Zonal Rural, CEP;75650-000, Morrinhos – GO, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 4Professor do Curso Bacharelado em Agronomia, Instituto Federal Goiano – Campus Morrinhos – GO, BR 153, Km 633, Zonal Rural, CEP;75650-000, Morrinhos – GO, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 5Estudante de Iniciação Científica do Curso Bacharelado em Agronomia, Instituto Federal Goiano – Campus Morrinhos – GO, BR 153, Km 633, Zonal Rural, CEP;75650-000, Morrinhos – GO, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 6Técnico Administrativo, Mestre em Olericultura, Instituto Federal Goiano – Campus Morrinhos – GO, BR 153, Km 633, Zonal Rural, CEP;75650-000, Morrinhos – GO, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected]     1 RESUMO   O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar o desenvolvimento de plantas de tomateiros submetidas a diferentes níveis de reposição da irrigação, aplicados via sistema gotejamento subsuperficial durante duas safras. O experimento foi conduzido no delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. Foram avaliados cinco níveis de irrigação: 50, 75, 100, 125 e 150% da evapotranspiração da cultura (%ETc) medida com lisímetros de pesagem, sobre o desenvolvimento de plantas de tomateiro. Cada parcela experimental foi composta por três fileiras de plantas de 5,5 m de comprimento, espaçadas a 1,10 m entre si e 0,30 m entre plantas. As avaliações de área foliar, índice de área foliar, massa seca de raiz, caule, folhas, flores, frutos e total foram realizadas aos 45, 65 e 85 dias após o transplante das mudas. Irrigações deficitárias e em excesso prejudicaram o desenvolvimento vegetativo das plantas de tomateiro. Os maiores valores de área foliar, índice de área foliar e massa seca total das plantas de tomateiro foram estimados com níveis de irrigação que variaram de 96 a 112% da ETc, variando de acordo com o ano de avaliação e a fase de desenvolvimento do tomateiro. Irrigações deficitárias e excessivas prejudicaram a floração e frutificação do tomateiro híbrido BRS Sena.             Palavras-chave: Solanum lycopersicom L.; gotejamento enterrado; manejo da irrigação; massa seca.             Silva, c. j. da; FRIZZONE, J. A.; SILVA, C. A. da; pontes, n. de C.; SILVA, L. F. M. da; BASÍLIO, Ê. E. Industrial tomato plant development in response to different irrigation levels    2 ABSTRACT   This research aimed to evaluate tomato plant development submitted to different irrigation replacement levels, irrigated via subsurface drip system for two harvests. The experiment was conducted under a randomized complete block design with four replications. Five irrigation levels were evaluated: 50, 75, 100, 125 and 150% of crop evapotranspiration (% ETc) measured with weighing lysimeters over the tomato plants development. Each experimental plot was composed of three plants rows with 5.5 m long, spaced 1.10 m apart and 0.30 m between plants. Leaf area, leaf area index, root dry matter, stem, leaves, flowers, fruits and total were evaluated at 45, 65 and 85 days after seedlings transplanting. Deficit and excess irrigation impaired the vegetative development of tomato plants. The highest values of leaf area, leaf area index and plants total dry mass were estimated with irrigation levels ranging from 96 to 112% of ETc, depending on the evaluation harvest year and the crop development phase. Deficit and excessive irrigation affected the flowering and fruiting of the hybrid tomato BRS Sena.   Keywords: Solanum lycopersicom L; subsurface drip irrigation; irrigation manegement; dry mass.


2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (40) ◽  
pp. 39-49
Author(s):  
Hau Thu Nguyen Thi ◽  
Dung Nhan Tran ◽  
Ba Van Huynh ◽  
Quyen Ngoc Thi ◽  
An Tran Hoang Bui ◽  
...  

Pineapple (Ananas comosus) is a kind of fruit with high nutritional value. This study investigated the resistance to oxidation DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1picrylhydrazyl (free radical) and deionized Fe3+ of ethanol extracts from theleaves (leaves grow on stems) and crown (crown of scale leaves) of pineapples. Study of high extraction efficiency in 99,5% ethanol solvent, mixing ratio between samples with the solvent is 1 : 4, combined ultrasonic wave with a capacity of 120 Walt within 72 hours. The total polyphenol content in all treatments was high: leave sample (140,9 ± 2,86 mg GAE/g) and crown sample (204,6 ± 0,29 mg GAE/g). The results showed thatDPPH oxidation resistance and deionized Fe3+ were: crown (IC50 = 254,74 ± 1,55 mg/mL và 908,12 ± 9,35 mg/mL) higher than leaves (IC50 = 977,78 ± 30,27m mg/mL and 2156,62 ± 23,03 mg/mL). Theresearch has found that the use of waste products from pineapple peels with antioxidant capacity could be added to potential raw materials in the field of pharmaceutical production.


1980 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 363 ◽  
Author(s):  
PJM Sale ◽  
TF Neales

Net carbon exchange over 24-h cycles was measured in well watered pineapple plants, using a 'minicrop' in field assimilation chambers and single leaves in a growth cabinet. Whole plants under natural light and a standard 30°C day/15°C night regime showed crassulacean acid metabolism, nearly all assimilation occurring in the dark period, with a net efflux of CO2 in the day. Assimilation, as measured by both CO2 exchange and changes in titratable acidity in the leaf tissue, was markedly dependent on the total photosynthetically active radiation incident in the previous photoperiod. The molar ratio of the maximum acidity change to maximum net nocturnal CO2 influx was 1.8 : 1. The rate of deacidification depended on the irradiance in the current photoperiod. Efflux in the photoperiod was largely independent of irradiance, but was greater at very low irradiances. Maximum rates of CO2 assimilation in the minicrop were about 15 ng cm-2 (leaf area) s-1 in the dark at the standard temperature regime, and 22 ng-2 s-1 when photoperiod assimilation was induced by a 20°C day/30°C night regime. Similar rates were recorded in the single-leaf experiments, and are higher than those previously found for pineapple. Over a 24-h period, mean rates of about 6 ng cm-2 (leaf area) s-1 were recorded, in good agreement with measured dry weight changes over an extended period. These data help to explain earlier discrepancies in the literature between measured rates of CO2 assimilation and of crop growth rates in pineapples.


2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (20) ◽  
pp. 5558-5566 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. F. Ekanem ◽  
S. A. Umoren ◽  
I. I. Udousoro ◽  
A. P. Udoh

1983 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 99-104
Author(s):  
A. Steven Messenger

Soil pH values around chlorotic pin oaks and green pin oaks were significantly different to a depth of 55 cm. Throughout that depth, average values around green trees were 6.1–6.8; those around chlorotic trees averaged 7.2–7.4 and were within a total range of 6.7–7.9. Mean foliar concentrations of Fe, Mn, and Zn were each significantly lower in chlorotic tree foliage for at least 1 of the 3 seasonal sampling periods. Mean concentrations of P, K, and Mg were each significantly higher in chlorotic tree foliage for at least 1 of the 3 sampling periods. Eighty-six percent of all chlorotic tree samples (159) could be distinguished from all green tree samples (124) either by lower micronutrient concentrations or higher macronutrient/micronutrient ratios. As treated trees progressed from a chlorotic to a totally green condition, each underwent reductions in foliar N and P concentrations. Green trees fertilized with ammonium phosphate had significantly lower concentrations of Fe, Cu, and K + Ca + Mg concurrent with significantly higher concentrations of N and P when compared to the controls. It is concluded that chlorotic pin oaks should not be deemed as simply iron-deficient and that indiscriminant fertilization of pin oaks or the lawns around them with NPK fertilizers may be deleterious.


2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
María del Carmen Rodríguez-Hernández ◽  
Idoia Garmendia López

Mesembryanthemum crystallinum is considered a drought and saline stress-tolerant plant with many biological activities that has been revalued as cool flavouring plant. The objective of this work was to assess optimum mode of cultivation of M. crystallinum to produce edible parts under greenhouse conditions. Therefore, three soilless media were evaluated: peat, vermiculite and hydroponic culture. Pot culture in peat did not result to be a good substrate for iceplant, with little biomass production. However, vermiculite and hydroponics allowed optimum growth of M. crystallinum, with a significantly greater yield in plants grown in vermiculite irrigated with nutrient solution. In fact, plants cultivated in vermiculite enhanced leaf area and leaf fresh weight, together with high foliar concentrations of N, Mg, Mn, Fe, Na, clorophylls and carotenoids. Furthermore, increased succulence and Na concentration of edible parts of glacier lettuce grown in vermiculite can offer more interesting taste, consistence and nutrient content for consumers. Higlights Hydroponic and vermiculite cultures led to optimum crystallinum growth. Peat pot culture did not seem to be an adequate substrate to cultivate crystallinum. Ice plants grown in vermiculite presented highest leaf fresh yield and high foliar N, Mg, Mn, Fe, Na, chlorophyll and carotenoid concentrations.


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 793-806
Author(s):  
Muhammad Hanif Sainorudin ◽  
Nur Athirah Abdullah ◽  
Mohd Saiful Asmal Rani ◽  
Masita Mohammad ◽  
Munirah Mahizan ◽  
...  

Abstract The present study focused on the preparation of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) from pineapple (Ananas comosus L.) leaves using chemical treatments followed by acid hydrolysis. Pineapple leaves could be used in medical applications such as drug delivery carriers. Advanced spectroscopy techniques such as Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to analyze the physical, chemical, and morphological features of the isolated MCC and NCC; the results indicated the needle-shaped form of nanostructures with good purity and high crystallinity index of 75.00 and 76.38%, respectively. In addition, inhibition of the treated MRC-5 cells with all the samples revealed that the percentage of cell viability was less than 30%, which is an interesting finding given their role in the cytotoxicity effect of MCC and NCC. It appears that MCC and NCC derived from pineapple leaves have lower toxicity. As a result, the developed MCC and NCC can be used in pharmaceutical applications as a novel drug delivery system. Molecular docking was performed to understand the non-bonding interaction of cellulose with human acid-beta-glucosidase (β-Glc) (PDB: 1OGS). The docking result shows that cellulose unit docked within the active pocket of the enzyme by forming hydrogen bonds against ASN19, THR21, and VAL17 with distances of 2.18, 1.93, and 2.92 Å, respectively, with binding energy (−5.0 kcal/mol) resulting in close interaction of cellulose unit with the receptor.


2015 ◽  
Vol 1087 ◽  
pp. 197-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Ain Ibrahim ◽  
Noriean Azraaie ◽  
Nurul Aimi Mohd Zainul Abidin ◽  
Nur Amira Mamat Razali ◽  
Fauziah Abdul Aziz ◽  
...  

Cellulosic materials derived from pineapple leaves fibers (PALF) which are being wasted after fruit harvested. There are two methods to extract cellulose from PALF. First methods were using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) 2% for alkaline treatment and bleached by sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) and buffer. Second method, cellulose was extracted using peroxyacetic acid delignification and bleached the sample in acidified pH 3 hydrogen peroxide solution. From X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) data’s, it is proven that both samples of cellulose have shown cellulose I structure.


2005 ◽  
Vol 95 (10) ◽  
pp. 1183-1190 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Pratt

Leaf samples of forage bermudagrass with symptoms of infection by species of Bipolaris, Curvularia, and Exserohilum (dematiaceous hyphomycetes) were collected from three swine waste application sites in Mississippi at eight sampling times during each of 3 years. Samples were assayed for pathogens by observing sporulation on plated leaf tissue. Among 3,600 leaves assayed, eight species of the three genera were observed. Features and criteria for the practical identification of species on plated leaf samples are described. Sporulation by dematiaceous hyphomycetes was observed on 97% of leaves; a single pathogen was observed on 20% and two to five pathogens were observed on 77% of leaves. Distributions of leaves among classes with one to five pathogens per leaf, for sites within years, always differed significantly (P = 0.01) from a Poisson distribution and usually included fewer leaves than expected with four or five pathogens. Significant (P = 0.05) variation in frequencies of occurrence of pathogens among 72 samples of 50 leaves each was attributed to pathogen species, sampling times, and species-time interactions. Exserohilum rostratum, Curvularia lunata, and Bipolaris cynodontis were the most frequent pathogens across years and sites; B. spicifera and C. geniculata were intermediate; and B. hawaiiensis, B. sorokiniana, and B. stenospila were least frequent. For the five most common pathogens, significant differences in frequency among locations were commonplace. Six pathogens exhibited significant (P = 0.05) positive and negative correlations with others in overall frequencies of occurrence across years, sampling times, and sites. However, χ2 tests of dual occurrence indicated that interactions between specific pairs of pathogens in or on leaves are not likely to be major causes for overall frequency correlations. Results indicate that dematiaceous hyphomycetes typically infect forage bermudagrass on swine waste application sites in complexes rather than as individual species; that E. rostratum, C. lunata, and B. cynodontis are the predominant pathogens; and that frequencies of pathogens often differ significantly between locations.


2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn B. Piatek ◽  
Mary Ann Fajvan ◽  
Richard M. Turcotte

Stand thinning is being tested as a means to limit the impacts of the invasive hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA; Adelges tsugae Annand) on eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carriere). The efficacy of this strategy may be reduced if thinning increases hemlock foliar nutrients because HWA densities are correlated with foliar concentrations of N, P, K, Ca, and Mn. We determined foliar N, P, K, Ca, and Mn concentrations in 1-year-old and all other (older) needles prior to and for 4 years after thinning in northwestern Pennsylvania stands of eastern hemlock without HWA. Average foliar concentrations in 1-year-old needles were 1.30–1.80 g N·100 g−1, 1300–1700 mg P·kg−1, 4200–6300 mg K·kg−1, 2500–5200 mg Ca·kg−1, and 2393 μg Mn·g−1. N, P, and K decreased, Ca increased, and Mn first increased and then stabilized. Thinning by itself did not affect the tested foliar nutrients. The interaction between treatment and year was significant and evident in temporal trajectories of foliar N and K. However, the differences between thinned and unthinned plots within years averaged only 0.03 g N·100 g−1 and 340 mg K·kg−1. We concluded that even though thinning changed the temporal trajectories of foliar N and K, the nutritional shifts were minimal, brief, and unlikely to affect the efficacy of thinning in limiting the impacts of HWA.


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