scholarly journals Late effects of Beauveria bassiana on larval stages of Aedes aegypti Linneo, 1762 (Diptera: Culicidae)

2022 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Quintero-Zapata ◽  
M. S. Flores-González ◽  
E. J. Luna-Santillana ◽  
N. Arroyo-González ◽  
F. L. Gandarilla-Pacheco
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
World Population ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Conidial Concentration ◽  
Plastic Containers

Abstract Aedes aegypti is a culicide that has gained relevance over the years due to its ability to transmit various viruses that cause diseases in humans that all the years cause high mortality rates in the world population. The main problem is that Ae. aegypti has managed to establish and maintain a close relationship with humans and their habitat, which is why the search for alternatives to control vector populations becomes imperative. The objective of the present work was to study the effects of two Beauveria bassiana strains on Aedes aegypti. Third instar larvae of Ae. aegypti in 250 mL plastic containers were inoculated with the GHA and NB3 strains at different concentrations (1.5 × 104, 1.5× 105, 1.5 × 106 and 1.5 × 107 conidia/mL). The NB3 strain presented highest mortality values with 63% in the highest concentration i.e., 1.5 × 107, while for the GHA strain the highest mortality value was 30.7% at the same concentration. The results showed significant difference in mortality with respect to the strain and days post treatment (P = 0.0001), but not with respect to the conidial concentration (P = 0.634). The average mortality of larvae per day for the NB3 for different concentrations ranged from 20 to 25 larvae per day, while for the GHA daily mortality ranged from 5 to 12 larvae. In post-treatment mortality, the highest mortality was recorded in the third stage larvae for the NB3, while for GHA the highest percentage mortality was observed in individuals who managed to reach the adult state. The findings of the current research depicted the noteworthy role of B. bassiana for the management of an important vector of human disease.

scholarly journals FIELD COMPARISON OF AUTOCIDAL GRAVID OVITRAPS AND IN2CARE TRAPS AGAINST AEDES AEGYPTI IN DOWNTOWN SAINT AUGUSTINE, NORTHEASTERN FLORIDA

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-96
Author(s):  
Dena Autry
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Adult Mosquito ◽  
Treated Area ◽  
Mosquito Trap ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pre Treatment

Mosquito Control programs are utilizing cost-effective long term autocidal gravid traps because they minimize labor needs while targeting the gravid population of container-breeding mosquitoes. This field study compared the efficacy of the In2Care Mosquito Trap and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention autocidal gravid ovitrap (CDC-AGO). The study consisted of two control and two treatment sites, and each treatment site had either 100 In2Care Mosquito Traps or 100 CDC-AGOs. Aedes aegypti populations in each site were monitored using Biogent (BG) Sentinel 2 mosquito traps and ovitraps. Analysis of pre- and post-treatment data indicated no significant difference in adult mosquito populations detected by BG traps from either the In2Care or CDC-AGO sites. However, the mean number of eggs collected by ovitraps showed significant reduction in both trap type treated areas posttreatment, compared to pre-treatment. Furthermore, the mean number of egg collections from the In2Care mosquito trap treated area was much less than the collection from the CDC-AGO trap treated area post-treatment.

scholarly journals Biocontrol Potential of Some Entomopathogenic Fungal Strains Against Bean Aphid Megoura japonica (Matsumura)

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Duy Nam Trinh ◽  
Thi Kim Lien Ha ◽  
Dewen Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Verticillium Lecanii ◽  
Fungal Strains ◽  
Virulence Potential ◽  
Conidial Concentration ◽  
Biocontrol Potential ◽  
Binary Combination

This research reported the in vitro pathogenicity of Verticillium lecanii strains, L2 and L5, and Beauveria bassiana strains, B76 and B252, against Megoura japonica using leaf-dip method. The virulence potential of these four entomopathogenic fungal strains of V. lecanii and of B. bassiana were compared between fungi conidia (concentrations 1 × 106, 1 × 107, and 1 × 108 conidia mL−1) and culture filtrate. Moreover, binary combination of four different fungal strains (L2 + B76, B76 + L5, L2 + B252, and L2 + B76 + B252 + L5) were evaluated against M. japonica under control condition. Aphid mortality was recorded after two, four, six, and eight days of post-treatment. In the conidial concentration bioassay, strain B76 showed maximal mortality (85.3%) against bean aphid, and strain L5 showed the lowest effect (60.0%) at the highest concentration (1 × 108 conidia mL−1) at eight days post-treatment. Whereas, binary combinations of B76 and L2 strains showed the highest effect against M. japonica (90.5%) than other combinations. Moreover, in comparison with the effect of filtrate and conidia bioassay, 91.4% and 84.1% were achieved in strain B76, and the lowest effect (63.8% and 55.1%) was recorded in strain L5.

scholarly journals Assessment of the insecticidal property of the pepper Capsicum annuum extracts on the larval stages of the tomato leafminer Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae).

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
Merabti B ◽  
Lebbouz I ◽  
Nouioui I ◽  
Aissaoui H ◽  
Ouakid ML
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Tuta Absoluta ◽  
Tomato Leafminer ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Capsicum Annuum L ◽  
Insecticidal Property ◽  
Significant Difference

The aqueous fruit extracts of the pepper Capsicum annuum L. (Solanales: Solanceae) were tested against the four larval stages of the tomato leafminer (TLM) Tuta absoluta Povolny (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). Random samplings were made from two greenhouses of Biskra, in the Southeast of Algeria. About 750 to 800 plants of the Sahara variety of tomatoes were planted in both greenhouses. In the laboratory, conditions with temperature, relative humidity (RH) and the photoperiod were 25° to 30°C, from 50% to 60% and 16L: 8D, respectively. A breeding of our species in the laboratory was made during six months of the study. For the toxicological assessments, three concentrations were chosen; 50 mg/L, 100 mg/L and 200 mg/L of the extracts. The results revealed that the extracts of C. annuum were very effective against the larvae of T. absoluta. After 24 h post-treatment, the mortality was less than 25% compared to that after 48h and 72h post-treatment which exceeded 50%. There was a non-significant difference in mortality rates between the four larval stages (F3, 140 = 1.12; P = 0.344). In contrast, highly significant differences existed between the time of exposure (F2, 141 = 26.2; P = 0.001) and the concentrations under study (F3, 140 = 59.6; P = 0.001). J. bio-sci. 26: 25-30, 2018

A novel approach utilizing laser acupuncture teletherapy for management of elderly-onset rheumatoid arthritis: A randomized clinical trial

2021 ◽  
pp. 1357633X2110098
Author(s):  
Aya Sedky Adly ◽  
Afnan Sedky Adly ◽  
Mahmoud Sedky Adly ◽  
Mohammad F Ali
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Laser Acupuncture ◽  
Virtual Reality Training ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Elderly Onset

Introduction Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) disease is a systemic progressive inflammatory autoimmune disorder. Elderly-onset RA can be assumed as a benign form of RA. Until recently, face-to-face therapeutic sessions between health professionals and patients are usually the method of its treatment. However, during pandemics, including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), teletherapeutic sessions can extensively increase the patient safety especially in elderly patients who are more vulnerable to these infections. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate a novel teletherapy approach for management of elderly patients suffering from RA by utilizing laser acupuncture. Methods A teletherapy system was used for management of elderly patients suffering from RA. Sixty participants were allocated randomly into two groups and the ratio was 1:1. Patients in the first group were treated with laser acupuncture and telerehabilitation sessions, which consisted of aerobic exercise and virtual reality training. Patients in the second group received telerehabilitation sessions, which consisted of aerobic exercise and virtual reality training. Evaluation of patients was done by using the Health Assessment questionnaire (HAQ), the Rheumatoid Arthritis Quality of Life (RAQoL) questionnaire, and the analysis of interleukin-6 (IL-6), serum C-reactive protein (CRP), plasma adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentration and plasma malondialdehyde (MDA). Results A statistically significant difference was found in CRP, RAQoL, IL-6 and MDA between the pre- and post-treatments in the first group ( p < 0.05) favouring the post-treatment group, while the HAQ showed a statistically significant difference between pre- and post-treatments ( p < 0.05) in both groups. Statistically significant post-treatment differences were also observed between the two groups ( p < 0.05) in RAQoL, CRP, ATP and MDA, favouring the first group. Discussion Laser acupuncture teletherapy could be suggested as a reliable treatment method for elderly patients suffering from RA, as it can provide a safe and effective therapeutic approach. Teletherapy provided safer access to health professionals and patients while giving a high patient satisfaction value with a relatively lower cost (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04684693).

scholarly journals AB0655 RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS ACTIVITY BEFORE AND AFTER COVID-19 LOCKDOWN PERIOD

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1360.1-1360
Author(s):  
M. Jordhani ◽  
D. Ruci ◽  
F. Skana ◽  
E. Memlika
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Musculoskeletal Diseases ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
World Population ◽  
Chronic Patients ◽  
Das 28 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

Background:The COVID-19 global pandemic has had a great impact on world population due to morbidity, mortality and restriction measures in order to stop the progression of COVID-19.Patients with rheumatic and musculoskeletic diseases, and especially rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, being one of the vulnerable classes of chronic patients, were recommended to follow the government’s rules1.Objectives:The aim of this study was to evaluate DAS-28-ESR in patients with rheumatoid arthritis before and after lockdown period.Methods:This is a multi-center observational study including 85 patients which were evaluated before and after lockdown for their disease activity score according to DAS-28-ESR score. They had been diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis more than 5 years ago. A thorough physical examination was performed before and after the lockdown period. It included examination of tender and swollen joints and patient’s global health. They were completed with all required laboratory data, including erythrosedimentation rate. For a more accurate calculation, DAS-28-ESR was used in an electronic version. Patients with other inflammatory or infective diseases were excluded from the study. All data were statistically evaluated using statistical tests such as t-student test.Results:The first group (the one before lockdown) had an average DAS-28-ESR of 4.7 while after the lockdown period, the average DAS-28-ESR was 5.16.After statistically evaluating all data, it was found that there exists a significant difference between DAS-28-ESR score before and after COVID-19 lockdown (p=0.0011).Conclusion:Our study showed that lockdown period due to COVID-19 pandemic, has aggravated disease activity in patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. This may be consequence of various causes such as physical inactivity and difficulty to follow-up or to take the medication properly.References:[1]Landewé RB, Machado PM, Kroon F, et al, EULAR provisional recommendations for the management of rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases in the context of SARS-CoV-2, Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 2020;79:851-858.Disclosure of Interests:None declared.

scholarly journals Impact of Somatosensory Training on Neural and Functional Recovery of Lower Extremity in Patients with Chronic Stroke: A Single Blind Controlled Randomized Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 583
Author(s):  
Reem M. Alwhaibi ◽  
Noha F. Mahmoud ◽  
Mye A. Basheer ◽  
Hoda M. Zakaria ◽  
Mahmoud Y. Elzanaty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Therapy ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Functional Recovery ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Chronic Stroke ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group Post

Recovery of lower extremity (LE) function in chronic stroke patients is considered a barrier to community reintegration. An adequate training program is required to improve neural and functional performance of the affected LE in chronic stroke patients. The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of somatosensory rehabilitation on neural and functional recovery of LE in stroke patients. Thirty male and female patients were recruited and randomized to equal groups: control group (GI) and intervention group (GII). All patients were matched for age, duration of stroke, and degree of motor impairment of the affected LE. Both groups received standard program of physical therapy in addition to somatosensory rehabilitation for GII. The duration of treatment for both groups was eight consecutive weeks. Outcome measures used were Functional Independent Measure (FIM) and Quantitative Electroencephalography (QEEG), obtained pre- and post-treatment. A significant improvement was found in the FIM scores of the intervention group (GII), as compared to the control group (GI) (p < 0.001). Additionally, QEEG scores improved within the intervention group post-treatment. QEEG scores did not improve within the control group post-treatment, except for “Cz-AR”, compared to pretreatment, with no significant difference between groups. Adding somatosensory training to standard physical therapy program results in better improvement of neuromuscular control of LE function in chronic stroke patients.

scholarly journals Implementation of a deep learning model for automated classification of Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse) in real time

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Song-Quan Ong ◽  
Hamdan Ahmad ◽  
Gomesh Nair ◽  
Pradeep Isawasan ◽  
Abdul Hafiz Ab Majid
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Automated Classification ◽  
Expert Performance ◽  
Deep Convolutional Neural Networks ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Set Up

AbstractClassification of Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse) by humans remains challenging. We proposed a highly accessible method to develop a deep learning (DL) model and implement the model for mosquito image classification by using hardware that could regulate the development process. In particular, we constructed a dataset with 4120 images of Aedes mosquitoes that were older than 12 days old and had common morphological features that disappeared, and we illustrated how to set up supervised deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) with hyperparameter adjustment. The model application was first conducted by deploying the model externally in real time on three different generations of mosquitoes, and the accuracy was compared with human expert performance. Our results showed that both the learning rate and epochs significantly affected the accuracy, and the best-performing hyperparameters achieved an accuracy of more than 98% at classifying mosquitoes, which showed no significant difference from human-level performance. We demonstrated the feasibility of the method to construct a model with the DCNN when deployed externally on mosquitoes in real time.

Studies on the life-history of Bunostomum phlebotomum (Railliet, 1900), a hookworm parasite of cattle

Parasitology ◽  
1946 ◽  
Vol 37 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 192-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. A. Sprent
Keyword(s):  
Infective Larva ◽  
Stage Larva ◽  
Fourth Stage ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
History Of ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Cutaneous Blood ◽  
Fourth Stage Larva

A description is given of the processes of copulation, formation of the egg and spermatozoon, cleavage, embryogeny and hatching in B. phlebotomum. These processes were found to be essentially similar to those in other strongyle nematodes.The anatomy of the first three larval stages is described and the observations of Conradi & Barnette (1908) and Schwartz (1924) were largely confirmed.Penetration of the skin of calves by the infective larva was observed histologically. The larvae were found to have reached the dermis within 30 min. and to have penetrated the cutaneous blood vessels within 60 min. of application to the skin. The larvae were found in the lung where the third ecdysis was in progress 10 days after penetration of the skin. A description is given of the growth of the third-stage larva in the lung, the changes which take place during the third ecdysis, and the anatomy of the fourth-stage larva.The fourth-stage larvae exsheath in the lungs and travel to the intestine. After a period of growth in which sexual differentiation takes place, the fourth ecdysis occurs and the adult parasite emerges. The time required for the attainment of maturity was found to be somewhere between 30 and 56 days after penetration of the skin.This paper was written at the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries Veterinary Laboratories, Wey-bridge, and the writer would like to express his gratitude to the Director, Prof. T. Dalling, also to Dr W. R. Wooldridge, chairman of the Council of the Veterinary Educational Trust for their help and encouragement. The writer's thanks are also due to Dr H. A. Baylis, Prof. R. T. Leiper and Dr E. L. Taylor for their advice and help on technical points, and to Mr R. A. O. Shonekan, African laboratory assistant, for his able co-operation.

scholarly journals Seasonal occurrence of some larval stages of endoparasites in three cyprinids from the Nwanedi-Luphephe dams, the Limpopo River System, South Africa

2015 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Mbokane ◽  
J. Theron ◽  
W. J. Luus-Powell
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
River System ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
The Body ◽  
Seasonal Occurrence ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuations ◽  
Metazoan Parasites ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Parasite Communities ◽  
Third Stage

Abstract This study provides information on seasonal occurrence of developmental stages of endoparasites infecting three cyprinids in the Nwanedi-Luphephe dams, Limpopo River System. Labeobarbus marequensis (Smith, 1841), Barbus trimaculatus Peters, 1852 and Barbus radiatus Peters, 1853 were investigated seasonally from January 2008 to October 2008. The following larvae of metazoan parasites were collected: Diplostomum sp. from the eyes of L. marequensis and B. trimaculatus; Ornithodiplostomum sp. from the gills of B. trimaculatus; Posthodiplostomum sp. from muscle, skin and fins of B. trimaculatus and B. radiatus; third-stage Contracaecum larvae (L3) from the mesentery fats and on the liver lobes of L. marequensis and B. trimaculatus and gryporynchid cestode larvae from the outer intestinal wall of B. radiatus. All the flukes encountered were metacercariae. Diplostomum sp. and Contracaecum sp. dominated the parasite communities. Their prevalence exhibited seasonal fluctuations with maxima in summer. Factors likely to influence fish infection such as the body size of fish and their condition factors were also briefly considered in this study.

Susceptibility of Aedes Aegypti Against Various Insecticides in Lahore, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farkhanda Manzoor ◽  
Rooma Adalat ◽  
Tallat Anwar Faridi ◽  
Wafa Fatima ◽  
Muhammad Moazzam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Wild Strain ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
P Value ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Incomplete Coverage ◽  
Wild Strains ◽  
New Strategies ◽  
Lahore City ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

Dengue fever is an arbo-viral infection, widespread all over the world. In 21th Century, there is no safe affordable and effective vaccine accessible yet; vector control is that most effective method for the control of the disease Objective: To determine the susceptibility status of wild and laboratory strains larvae and adults of Aedes aegypti against different group of insecticides in Lahore city. Method: From Lahore sites, larvae were collected where insecticides used for wild strain at high frequency and quantity. The Insectary of National Institute of Malaria Research and Training (NIMRT), Lahore, Pakistan, adults and larvae were collected for laboratory strain.The laboratory strains for larvae bioassays were used. The mosquitoes populations indoor and outdoor collected in 2009, hatched from larvae into adults insectary in Lahore, Pakistan. During this study, four major insecticides groups are used which include Pyrethroids (Deltamethrine 2.5% SC), Neonicotenoids (Imidacloprid 5% SC), Phenyl-pyrazoles (Fipronil 2.5% EC) and Organophosphates dichlorvos (DDVP 50% EC). For data analysis, Minitab statistical software (Version 13.20) used for data expressed as mean ± S.E.M from bioassays. By using EPA Probit, LC was estimated with 95% confidence. The 50 statistically significant p value was <= 0.05. For comparing the concentrations of insecticides, Duncan's multiple range tests was used with significant difference (5% level) using at New Costat. Results: Different location of Lahore samples, Imidacloprid the most toxic to Aedes aegypti's wild strains on the other hand while Fipronil was also active for wild larval samples. Deltamethrine showed least activity against both adults and larval strains. The susceptibility of the eld strains was lower than laboratory strains; resistant ratio varies from insecticide to insecticide. In reporting results, mosquitos' population was resistance because of infrequent and incomplete coverage. Conclusions: This study concluded that Pyrethroids and agriculture pest control play role in indirect growth of insecticides' classes. Based on this study it is suggested that by using new strategies to prevent and delay in growth of insecticides will helpful in Lahore, city, Pakistan.

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