scholarly journals Organic acids in diets of weaned piglets: performance, digestibility and economical viability

2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 1015-1022 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.D.C.V. Boas ◽  
F.E.L. Budiño ◽  
M.A. T. Neto ◽  
A. Schmidt ◽  
J.C. Dadalt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Sodium Butyrate ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Male Hybrid

ABSTRACT Organic acids are used as feed additives to promote growth of weaned piglets since they prevent the occurrence of diarrhea. Thus, performance and digestibility assays were conducted and economic viability of diets was evaluated. In the performance assays, 64 hybrid piglets weaned with a mean weight of 5.87±0.31kg were divided in a randomized block design consisting of 4 treatments, 8 repetitions and 2 piglets per experimental unit (1 castrated male and 1 female). In the digestibility assay, 24 castrated male hybrid piglets with a mean weight of 8.21±0.79kg were individually assigned to 4 treatments and 6 repetitions. The treatments in the two assays were as follows: control, basal diet without addition of an acidifier; blend: inclusion of 0.5% of a mixture of organic acids; butyrate: inclusion of 0.1% of sodium butyrate; blend+butyrate: inclusion of 0.5% of a mixture of organic acids and 0.1% sodium butyrate. There was no effect (P>0.05) of the acidifiers on animal performance during the period studied. Organic acids exerted no effect (P>0.05) on the apparent digestibility coefficients of nutrients. Diets supplemented with sodium butyrate had an economic advantage for the period of 10-24 days. No episode of diarrhea was observed. This study demonstrated no effect of acidifier feed additives as growth promoters in complex diets for weaned piglets.

scholarly journals Alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters for weanling pigs

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 1093-1098 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marconi Bonfim de Santana ◽  
Antonio Diego Brandão Melo ◽  
Daniel Ribeiro Cruz ◽  
Cesar Augusto Pospissil Garbossa ◽  
Carla de Andrade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Butyrate ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Intestinal Epithelium ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Weanling Pigs ◽  
Pig Performance ◽  
Digestive Contents

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the addition of sodium butyrate, plant extracts and nucleotides on weanling pig performance, digestive content pH, organ morphometry, and intestinal epithelial histology. A total of 90 piglets at 21 days of age and an average initial weight of 6.35±0.34kg were used. The piglets were distributed in a randomized complete block design with five treatments, six replicates, and three animals per experimental unit. The treatments consisted of the following: Control: basal diet without antibiotic; Antibiotic: basal diet with 40mg kg-1 colistin sulfate and Additive: 1000, 1500 and 2000mg kg-1 of a combination of sodium butyrate + plant extracts + nucleotides. The experiment lasted 35 days, at which time one animal was slaughtered to assess pH of the digestive contents, morphometry of the organs and histology of the intestinal epithelium. No differences were found (P>0.05) in the performance, pH of the digestive contents, morphometry of the organs or histology of the intestinal epithelium by the analysis of orthogonal polynomials or contrasts. The combination of sodium butyrate, plant extracts and nucleotides not improved the productive characteristics of weanling pigs.

scholarly journals Standardized ileal digestible (SID) isoleucine requirement of barrows (15- to 30- kg) fed low crude protein diets

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 3283
Author(s):  
Doglas Batista Lazzeri ◽  
Leandro Dalcin Castilha ◽  
Patrícia Barcellos Costa ◽  
Ricardo Vianna Nunes ◽  
Magali Soares dos Santos Pozza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Protein Deposition ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Protein Diets

This study aimed to determine the SID isoleucine (Ile) requirement of starting barrows fed low crude protein. Two experiments were carried out. Experiment 1: Ten crossbred barrows were used in order to determine the SID AA of the basal diet (treatment with the lowest SID Ile level used in the growth performance experiment), averaging 15.00 ± 0.27 kg of initial weight, individually housed in metabolic cages and allotted in a complete randomized design, with two treatments, five replicates and one animal per experimental unit. Treatments consisted of a basal (14.13% CP and 0.450% of SID Ile) and a free protein diet. Experiment 2: A performance experiment was carried out to determine the SID Ile requirement when using low crude protein diets. Forty crossbred barrows were used, averaging 15.00 ± 0.87 kg of initial weight and distributed in a randomized block design with five treatments (0.450, 0.520, 0.590, 0.660 and 0.730% of SID Ile) and two animals per experimental unit. The average daily gain (ADG) (P=0.049) and protein deposition (P=0.01) were affected by the studied SID Ile levels. The daily need of SID Ile was estimated at 5.9 g when considering 0.61% as the optimum level of SID Ile in the diet for an improved ADG and protein deposition.

scholarly journals PSVI-12 Phosphorous digestibility of corn ethanol co-products, from Brazil and USA, in growing pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 200-200
Author(s):  
Vinicius R C Paula ◽  
Natália C Milani ◽  
Cândida P F Azevedo ◽  
Gabriel A G Casarotti ◽  
Leonardo A Granja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Distillers Grains ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Corn Ethanol ◽  
P Values ◽  
Dried Distillers Grains ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Corn Coproducts

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) and the standardized total tract digestibility (STTD) of P, and their respective digestible values, of two high protein (HP) corn dried distillers’ grains (DDG) and of two corn DDG with solubles (DDGS), from Brazil and USA, in pigs. Fifty crossbred barrows (38.3±5.2kg BW) were fed a semi-purified P-free basal diet (BD), used to determine endogenous P losses, or four diets composed of 40% of each ingredient, as the only source of P, substituting for starch in BD: Brazilian HP DDG (BHP); USA HP DDG (UHP); Brazilian DDGS (BDG) and USA DDGS (UDG). Animals were fed at 2.8 x maintenance (110 kcal of DE per kg of BW0.75) for 9 d (7 d adaptation and 2 d of partial feces collection). Titanium dioxide was used as an indigestible marker (0.3%) for digestibility calculations. A randomized block design was used, with 10 replicates, using the pig as the experimental unit. Results were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey’s test (P< 0.05). The ATTD of P of UHP and UDG were 47% greater (P< 0.05) than those verified in BHP and BDG. The STTD of P of UHP and UDG were 45% higher (P < 0.05) than that of BDG. The STTD of BHP was similar (P >0.05) to the values of BDG and UDG. The total and standardized digestible P of UDG (0.40-0.44%, respectively) were greater (P< 0.05) than those of BDG (0.33-0.38 %, respectively) and of UHP (0.28-0.32%, respectively), which were similar (P > 0.05), and higher than that of BHP (0.22-0.27%, respectively). In conclusion, corn distiller’s co-products from Brazil and USA presented different ATTD and STTD P values, and USA DDGS (UDG) showed the highest apparent total tract and standardized digestible P among all corn coproducts evaluated.

PSIII-14 The influence of dietary barley supplementation on American Wagyu feedlot performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 289-289
Author(s):  
Briana V Tangredi ◽  
Meghan P Thorndyke ◽  
Octavio Guimaraes ◽  
Rebecca K Barrington ◽  
Shaniece M Borgerding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Feedlot Performance ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Distillers Grain ◽  
Corn Distillers ◽  
Corn Grain

Abstract Eighty-nine American Wagyu steers were used to evaluate the effects of dietary barley supplementation on feedlot performance. We hypothesized that barley supplementation would increase ADG compared to non-supplemented control animals. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design. Steers were blocked by initial body weight (BW) and randomly assigned within block to one of two treatments. Treatments consisted of 1) Control (no supplemental barley) and 2) Control diet + 0.9 kg∙animal-1∙d-1 of supplemental barley. Steers were housed in feedlot pens (all pens contained n = 4 steers/pen with the exception of one Control pen that contained n=5 steers; 11 replicates/treatment; experimental unit = pen) and fed a traditional American Wagyu finishing diet (DM basis: 68.42% DM, 14.33% CP; TDN: 74.76%, NEg: 1.16 Mcal/kg, 5.25% EE) for 270d. The basal diet consisted of grass hay, corn silage, cracked corn grain, soybean meal, corn distillers grain, white salt, ground limestone, and olive byproduct. Diets were fed once daily in the morning and barely was top dressed to the appropriate pens, immediately after the basal diet was delivered. Steers were individually weighed on d -1 and 0, and approximately every 28 days throughout the 270d experiment. Data were analyzed using a mixed effects model (PROC MIXED, SAS) for a completely randomized block design. Initial pen BW was used as a covariate in the statistical analysis of all performance data and significance was determined at P ≤ 0.05. Initial and final BW, ADG, DMI, and feed:gain were similar across treatments. Therefore, under the conditions of this experiment, these data suggest that barley supplementation for 270d to American Wagyu cattle did not impact overall animal performance.

scholarly journals Digestible threonine-to-lysine ratio for piglets under health challenge

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. e21691210899
Author(s):  
Gregório Murilo de Oliveira Júnior ◽  
Valéria Vânia Rodrigues ◽  
Priscila Furtado Campos ◽  
Andressa da Silva Formigoni ◽  
Wilams Gomes dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Serum Urea ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Quadratic Effect ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Carcass Parameters ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Plasma Haptoglobin

Aiming to determine the ration between digestible lysine and digestible threonine (Thr/Lys) for weaned piglets at 27 days, kept in the nursery under sanitary challenge conditions, 105 hybrid piglets with initial weight of 7.2 ± 0.41 kg, were distributed in randomized block design inside of five treatments (Thr/Lys ratios of 0.56; 0.63; 0.70; 0.77 and 0.84), seven replicates and three piglets per experimental unit. The Thr/Lys ratios did not affect (P>0.05) piglet performance. There was quadratic effect (P=0.02) of the Thr/Lys ratio on the protein/fat ratio and the estimated point of the bigger protein/fat ratio occurred with the Thr/Lys ratio of 0.68. The Thr/Lys ratio did not affect (P>0.05) the carcass parameters and serum urea levels, however, the liver and kidney weights raised with the increase (P=0.01) in Thr/Lys rate. The Thr/Lys ratio had a quadratic effect (P=0.01) on rate of plasma haptoglobin, Thr/Lys ratio was estimated at 0.74. It was concluded that the ratio between digestible threonine with digestible lysine for piglets from 27 to 48 days of age raised under sanitary challenge conditions is 0.74.

scholarly journals Method of using increasing levels of substitution of the basal diet by test feedstuffs in pig digestibility trials

2012 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 1265-1274
Author(s):  
L.M. Piano ◽  
I. Moreira ◽  
C. Scapinello ◽  
P.L.O. Carvalho ◽  
J.B. Toledo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Pig Performance

Two experiments were carried out to study the methodology of using increasing levels of substitution of the basal diet with fibrous test feedstuffs (sticky coffee hull - SCH) in digestibility trials with pigs. In Experiment 1, a digestibility trial was conducted using 30 crossbred barrows, allotted in a randomized block design. In Experiment 2, 42 growing and 42 finishing pigs were used, allotted in a completely randomized design, with six diets and seven replicates, with one animal per experimental unit. The six diets consisted of: a control diet, four diets using SCH ME values as obtained in Experiment 1 plus a diet using SCH ME value estimated by linear regression equation for 15% substitution. The digestibility study indicated that the use of increasing levels of substitution (7, 14, 21 and 28%) reduced SCH digestibility. ME values, as-fed basis, were 2,456, 2,377, 2,247 and 1,945kcal/kg. The overall results indicate that higher levels of substitution overestimate the energy value and that the method of increasing levels of substitution of the basal diet with feedstuffs test can be used to more accurately estimate the energy values of fibrous feedstuffs for pigs. For growing and finishing pigs respectively, up to 28% and 15% of sticky coffee hull can be used without impairing pig performance and economic feasibility.

scholarly journals Lactose levels in diets for piglets weaned at 21 days of age

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 1233-1241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliano Pelição Molino ◽  
Juarez Lopes Donzele ◽  
Rita Flávia Miranda de Oliveira ◽  
Aloízio Soares Ferreira ◽  
Célia Alencar de Moraes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Intestinal Microbial Community ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Villous Height

With the objective of evaluating levels of lactose in diets for piglets weaned at 21 days of age, it was carried out an experiment with 72 animals, with average weight of 6.12 kg, distributed in a completely randomized block design with four diets (0, 4, 8, and 12% lactose), six replicates, and 3 animals per experimental unit. Animals were fed the experimental diets from 21 to 35 days of age and they were fed a lactose-free basal diet from 36 to 49 days of age. The lactose levels did not affect daily weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion of piglets from 21 to 35 days of age. The use of lactose levels in the diets also did not affect performance of the piglets assessed from 21 to 49 days old. Diets also did not influence villous height, crypt depth and villous:crypt ratio. Lactose resulted in greater diversity and balance of the intestinal microbial community. The Lactobalillus spp. richness increases with the addition of lactose in diet up to the level of 8% in relation to the total number of intestinal microorganisms, which may a possible improvement of intestinal health.

scholarly journals Organic Acids as Alternatives for Antibiotic Growth Promoters Alter the Intestinal Structure and Microbiota and Improve the Growth Performance in Broilers

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Dai ◽  
Kai Qiu ◽  
Hai-jun Zhang ◽  
Shu-geng Wu ◽  
Yan-ming Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Cell Density ◽  
Goblet Cell ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Antibiotic Growth Promoters ◽  
Goblet Cell Density

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of organic acids (OA) as alternatives for antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) on growth performance, intestinal structure, as well as intestinal microbial composition and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) profiles in broilers. A total of 336 newly hatched male Arbor Acres broiler chicks were randomly allocated into 3 dietary treatments including the basal diet [negative control (NC)], the basal diet supplemented with 5 mg/kg flavomycin, and the basal diet supplemented with OA feed additives. Each treatment had eight replicates with 14 birds each. The results showed that AGP and OA promoted growth during day 22–42 compared with the NC group (P < 0.05). OA significantly increased the jejunal goblet cell density and ileal villus height on day 42 compared with the NC group (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, OA up-regulated the mRNA expression of jejunal barrier genes (Claudin-3 and ZO-1) relative to the NC group (P < 0.05). Significant changes of microbiota induced by the OA were also found on day 42 (P < 0.05). Several SCFAs-producing bacteria like Ruminococcaceae, Christensenellaceae, and Peptococcaceae affiliated to the order Clostridiales were identified as biomarkers of the OA group. Higher concentrations of SCFAs including formic acid and butyric acid were observed in the cecum of OA group (P < 0.05). Simultaneously, the abundance of family Ruminococcaceae showed highly positive correlations with the body weight and mRNA level of ZO-1 on day 42 (P < 0.05). However, AGP supplementation had the higher mRNA expression of Claudin-2, lower goblet cell density of jejunum, and decreased Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio, suggesting that AGP might have a negative impact on intestinal immune and microbiota homeostasis. In conclusion, the OA improved growth performance, intestinal morphology and barrier function in broilers, which might be attributed to the changes of intestinal microbiota, particularly the enrichment of SCFAs-producing bacteria, providing a more homeostatic and healthy intestinal microecology.

PSVI-16 The Association of Benzoic Acid and Essential Oils Eo Reduces the Inflammatory Response of Weaned Piglets and the Diarrhea Incidence in the Nursery Phase

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 202-203
Author(s):  
Sudario Roberto Silva Junior ◽  
Maíra Resende ◽  
Rhuan F Chaves ◽  
Jéssica Aparecida Barbosa ◽  
Iana I M Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Total Period ◽  
Diarrhea Incidence

Abstract Benzoic acid (BA) and essential oils (EO) can minimize growth performance losses due to the removal of antibiotics and change the intestinal health of weaned piglets. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of BA and EO on inflammatory response, diarrhea incidence, and growth performance of the nursery phase. One hundred and twenty barrows were weaned at 23 days (6.40 ± 0.53 kg) and assigned into 3 treatments (10 replicates) in randomized block design: basal diet without additives (NC), basal diet with 200 ppm of colistin sulphate (PC), and association of 0,3% benzoic acid and essential oil (BA+EO). The feed intake and body weight were recorded at 0 and 42 days. The feces were assessed daily (per animal) and graded as normal feces (no diarrhea) or liquid or pasty stools (presence of diarrhea). On days 1, 3, and 9, blood samples were collected (5 replicates) for white blood cells (WBC) counts. Growth performance was analyzed by MIXED procedure (SAS, 2009) and the Tukey test was used to compare the means (P < 0.050). The WBC counts were analyzed by repeated-measures analysis of variance, by MIXED procedure. Diarrhea incidence was analyzed by GENMOD procedure (SAS, 2009). The BA+EO treatment showed a similar body weight (P = 0.014) and average daily gain (P = 0.012) than the PC group and lower feed conversion ratio (P = 0.037) compared to the NC group. The pigs of the BA+EO treatment had the lowest diarrhea incidence during the total period (P < 0.001). The supplementation with BA+EO or antibiotics reduced the counts of total WBC (P = 0.008) and neutrophils (P = 0.003). In conclusion, supplementation with BA+EO reduces the inflammatory response and the incidence of diarrhea in the nursery phase, that may be related to the improvement in the FCR.

scholarly journals 251 Evaluation of Condensed Algal Residue Solubles as an Ingredient in Cattle Finishing Diets

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 137-138
Author(s):  
Calvin Gibbons ◽  
Andrea K Watson ◽  
Galen E Erickson ◽  
Bradley M Boyd ◽  
Levi J McPhillips ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Great Plains ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Distillers Grains ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Finishing Diets ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Algae Oil

Abstract Algae oil production for Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation yields a byproduct called Condensed Algal Residue Solubles (CARS; 25.4% DM, 19.3% CP, 8.3% Fat, 9.96% Na on DM basis), de-oiled algae cells with residual fermentation substrates. This study evaluated the use of CARS in feedlot finishing diets. Crossbreed steers, (n=480) were blocked and stratified by initial body weight (BW) into 4 blocks, and assigned randomly to treatments. Treatments were designed as a 2 x 3 factorial with 3 inclusions of CARS (0, 2.5, 5% of diet DM) and 2 different base diets representing Northern and Southern Great Plains diets. The Southern diets contained steam flaked corn and dry distillers grains while the Northern diets had dry rolled and high moisture corn with wet distillers grains. CARS replaced corn in both diets. All blocks were harvested after 148 days on feed. Performance data were analyzed as a randomized block design with CARS inclusion, base diet, and interactions as fixed effects, BW block as a random effect and pen (n=48) as the experimental unit. Orthogonal contrasts were used to test linear and quadratic effects of CARS inclusion. There were no significant interactions between CARS inclusion and diet type (P ≥ 0.49). Main effects of CARS indicated positive quadratic responses for carcass adjusted ADG, G:F, 12th rib back fat, yield grade (P < 0.01; increasing to 2.5% inclusion, decreasing at 5%) and hot carcass weight was both linear and quadratic (P ≤ 0.01 and P ≥ 0.06 respectively; 969, 977, 935 as CARS increased). Linear decrease in DMI, final adjusted BW and ribeye area (P ≤ 0.01) as CARS increased. Cattle fed the Southern diets had greater ADG and G:F compared to Northern diets (P < 0.01). Including 2.5% CARS in the diet improved feed efficiency in both Northern and Southern based feedlot diets.

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