scholarly journals NILE TILAPIA FED ENZYME COMPLEX ADDED AT DIFFERENT LEVELS AND PROCESSING STEPS

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-179
Author(s):  
MARCELO GASPARY MARTINS ◽  
GUILHERME DE SOUZA MOURA ◽  
ANDRE LIMA FERREIRA ◽  
MARCELO MATTOS PEDREIRA ◽  
EDUARDO ARRUDA TEIXEIRA LANNA
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Extrusion Process ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Enzyme Complex ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Final Weight

ABSTRACT Enzyme activity in solid-state fermentation complex added to diets before and after extrusion process and its influence on Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) performance were evaluated. The following enzymes were analyzed: b-glucosidase, pectinase, xylanase, endoglucanase, amylase, protease, and phytase. The fish were fed five experimental diets: a control diet (without enzyme), two test diets supplemented before extrusion (400 and 800 ppm SSF), and two test diets after extrusion or “on top” (400 and 800 ppm SSF). The experiment had a completely randomized design with four replicates and seven fish per tank. Average initial weight was 10.37 ± 0.95 g, and fish were fed four times a day to satiation for 56 days. The following performance parameters were evaluated: final weight, weight gain, feed conversion, survival, specific growth rate, and body composition. The results were compared using ANOVA and Tukey’s test at p<0.05. All the enzymes showed partial or total losses of activity when subjected to the extrusion process, except phytase. No differences were observed for survival, water quality parameters, and body composition. On-top inclusion provided a better performance, which is observed through increases in final weight, weight gain, and feed conversion. As a result, 800 ppm of enzyme complex SSF should be added "on top", that is after extrusion, to improve tilapia performance and, consequently, contribute to the fish farming financial efficiency.

scholarly journals Growth performance and nutrient digestibility of broiler chickens fed diets substituted for maize with two varieties of cassava tuber

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-136
Author(s):  
A. O. Obadimu ◽  
O. O. Oluwatosin ◽  
I. O. Sanni ◽  
A. O. Lala
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Final Weight

A 56 –day study was conducted to determine the growth performance and nutrient utilization of broiler chickens fed with two varieties (white and yellow) of cassava grit based diets. A total of 240 one day- old unsexed Arbor acre broiler chicks were assigned to eighty dietary treatments in a 2 x 4 factorial arrangement using completely randomized design. Diets were formulated to include two varieties of cassava, TME 419 (white) and TMS 01 1368 (yellow) at four inclusion levels (0, 25, 50 and 75%). Each treatment consisted of 30 birds and three replicates of 10 birds each. Data was collected on growth performance and nutrient digestibility at the end of the starter (4th week) and finisher (8th week) phases. At the starter phase, birds fed 50% white cassava grits diet had the highest (P < 0.05) final weight and weight gain (730.00 and 693.67g/bird). At the finisher phase, birds fed 50% yellow cassava grits diet had the highest (P < 0.05) final weight and weight gain (2235.60 and 1454.00g/bird), respectively while the least final weight and weight gain values (2008.80 and 1267.80g/birds) were obtained in birds fed the control diet. At the starter phase, birds fed 75% white cassava grits diet had the best (P < 0.05) feed conversion ratio of 2.18, while birds fed 25% yellow cassava grits diet as well as those fed the control diet had the least (P < 0.05) feed conversion ratio of 2.62 and 2.51 respectively. Birds fed 50% yellow as well as those fed 75% yellow cassava grits diets had the highest dry matter and crude fibre digestibility at the starter and finisher phases, respectively. In conclusion the substitution of maize with white cassava grits up to 50% level improved growth performance at the starter phase. However, either white or yellow cassava can be substituted for maize up to 75 % at the finishing phase.

scholarly journals Purified glycerin in balanced diets for chicken broilers from 8 to 21 days old

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mônica Calixto da Silva ◽  
Roberta Gomes Marçal Vieira Vaz ◽  
Kênia Ferreira Rodrigues ◽  
Luciano Fernanades Sousa ◽  
José Henrique Stringhini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Final Weight ◽  
Apparent Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

This paper aimed to evaluate the metabolizability, performance and economic viability of purified glycerin inclusion in balanced diets fed to chicken broilers from 8 to 21 days old. Two experiments were conducted. In the first experiment, 100 broilers (14 days old) were distributed in a completely randomized design into two treatments, with five replications of 10 broilers. Treatments consisted of a control diet and a test diet, in which purified glycerin replaced 10% of the control diet. In the second experiment, 200 broilers (8 days old) were distributed in a completely randomized design into four treatments (0, 2, 4 and 6% of purified glycerin inclusion), with five replications of 10 broilers. The weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion, final weight, apparent metabolizable energy (AME), nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn), metabolizability coefficients of dry matter (DMMC), crude protein (CPMC) and gross energy (GEMC), and the cost of feed per kg of broiler produced were evaluated. The AME, AMEn, DMMC, CPMC and GEMC from the purified glycerin were 3790 and 3560 kcal/kg, and 83.72, 71.52 and 86.27%, respectively. The glycerin levels did not affect (p>0.05) any of the performance characteristics (weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion and final weight). The lowest feeding cost and the highest gross margin were obtained for broilers fed with 6% purified glycerin. The inclusion of 6% purified glycerin in balanced diets for broilers from 8 to 21 days old was technically and economically feasible.

Effects of different inclusion levels of shrimp meal with fish meal in Oreochromis niloticus diet.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nene Amabere Jamabo ◽  
Charity Dasimeokuma
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Cost Implication ◽  
Final Weight ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Inclusion Level ◽  
Different Levels

A feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of inclusion of different levels of shrimp meal with fish meal on growth, feed utilization, water quality and cost implication of the diet O. niloticus fingerlings. A total of two hundred and four (204) fish with an initial weight of 2.93+ 0.55g were stocked in twelve (12) tanks of dimension 1.8 x 1.3 x 0.36m3 for 12 weeks. Four diets (D1, D2, D3 and D4) contained 100% SM, 70% SM and 30% FM, 50% SM and 50% FM, 30% SM and 70% FM respectively, were fed twice daily to satiation. Final weight gain was 4.65±1.72g, 3.89±0.96g, 3.58±0.65g, 3.73±0.80g for the treatments respectively. The highest mean weight gain (4.98±0.31g) and specific (4.57±0.69%) growth rates were in fish fed with 100% SM (D1) and lowest (3.59±0.15g, 17.7±0.17% respectively) in fish fed 50% SM and 50% FM (D3). Protein efficiency ratio was highest in D1 and lowest in D4. Feed conversion ratio was lowest in diet D1 and highest in D4. Survival rate was good in all the treatments having the highest in D2 and lowest in D1. Diet 1 had the best growth followed by D2, D4 and D3 respectively. Cost implication and water quality parameters showed no significant differences (p>0.05) among the diets. Results showed that SM could replace FM by 100% without having any negative effect on the growth and tend to be uneconomically efficient at such inclusion level. 

scholarly journals Effect of dietary supplementation of seaweed (Ulva lactuca) and Azolla on growth performance, haematological and serum biochemical parameters of Aseel chicken

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijayalingam Thavasi Alagan ◽  
Rajesh Nakulan Vatsala ◽  
Ilavarasan Sagadevan ◽  
Vairamuthu Subbiah ◽  
Venkataramanan Ragothaman
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Ulva Lactuca ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Serum Biochemical

Abstract Background An effort was made to assess the effectiveness of dietary supplementation of Ulva lactuca (U. lactuca), a seaweed and Azolla individually and in combination on different physiological parameters of Aseel chicken. A total of 40 Aseel chicks of 8 weeks old were allocated into four groups, C1 (control), T1 (Azolla alone), T2 (seaweed alone) and T3 (seaweed plus Azolla). Aseel chicks in C1 were fed with formulated grower feed alone, birds in T1 had control diet with 5% Azolla, birds in T2 had control diet with 3% U. lactuca and birds in T3 had control diet admixtured with 5% of Azolla and 3% of U. lactuca. Parameters were recorded for a continuous period of 2 months in 15 days interval. Results The growth performance was found to be significant (P ≤ 0.05) during 30 days of feed trials and highly significant (P ≤ 0.01) during 45 and 60 days of treatment. Birds in T3 had a higher body weight gain, shank length and feed conversion efficiency followed with T1 and T2 compared to C1. PCV, RBC, WBC and heterophil counts were not influenced (P ≥ 0.05) by dietary treatments. Uric acid, creatinine, AST, glucose, triglycerides and magnesium levels revealed a high significant (P ≤ 0.01) variation, and cholesterol level showed significant (P ≤ 0.05) changes during 30th and 60th day of feed trials between the control and treatment groups. Total protein, globulin, phosphorus and electrolytes like Na, K and Cl levels were not significant (P ≥ 0.05) during 30th day and were highly significant (P ≤ 0.01) during the 60th day of the trial. Conclusions It could be noted that inclusion of U. lactuca and Azolla as feed supplement in grower chicken had a better body weight gain when given in combination (U. lactuca and Azolla) rather than supplemented with the sole entity. Based on the haematological and serum biochemical analysis, the supplementation of U. lactuca and Azolla at the levels included in this trial did not pose any threat to the physiological well-being of Aseel chicken.

scholarly journals Productive performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fed at different frequencies and periods with automatic dispenser

2012 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 192-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.M.R. Sousa ◽  
C.A. Agostinho ◽  
F.A. Oliveira ◽  
D. Argentim ◽  
P.K. Novelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feeding Frequency ◽  
Nile Tilapia Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Final Weight ◽  
Autumn And Winter ◽  
Feed Conversion Rate

The performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) raised in cages furnished with an automatic dispenser, supplied at different frequencies (once per hour and once every two hours) and periods (daytime, nighttime and both) was evaluated. Eighteen 1.0m³ cages were placed into a 2000m² pond, two meters deep with a 5% water exchange. One hundred and seventy tilapias, with initial weight of 16.0±4.9g, were dispersed into each 1m³ cage and the feed ration was adjusted every 21 days with biometry. Data was collected from March to July (autumn and winter). Significant difference to final weight (P<0.05) among treatments was observed. The increase in feeding frequency improves the productive performance of Nile tilapias in cages and permitted better management of the food. The better feed conversion rate for high feeding frequency (24 times day-1) can result in saving up to 360kg of food for each ton of fish produced, increasing the economic sustenance for tilapia culture and suggesting less environmental pollution.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF BROILER BREEDER EGG WEIGHTS ON HATCHING AND POST-HATCH PERFORMANCES IN MARSHAL BREED

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
O. O. KEHINDE ◽  
O. J. AWOYOMI ◽  
B. K. LAMIDI ◽  
F. A. BALOGUN ◽  
M. O. OLUFEHINTI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Broiler Breeder ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Final Weight ◽  
Parent Stock ◽  
Cost Of Production ◽  
Hatching Eggs ◽  
The Cost

This study was designed to evaluate the effects of different Marshal breed broiler on hatching egg weights on hatching characteristics and post-hatch performances; and also to compare the cost of production of hatchlings to table size. A total of 900 hatching eggs (HE) from 40 weeks old parent stock were sorted, graded and purposively grouped on weight basis into small (<50g), medium (50-65g) and large (>65g) sizes (3 groups). Each group was allotted 300 eggs and replicated thrice, with each replicate having 100 eggs in a complete randomised design before incubation for 21 days. Candling of incubated eggs was done on day 18 on group basis and numbers of fertile eggs noted. The chicks were individually weighed and counted to determine hatchability, hatchling weight and cost of production. Thereafter, hatched chicks were allotted into the respective groups and replicated to determine the post-hatch performance. Each replicate has 45 chicks, intensively raised and were fed ad libitum with broiler starter mash for the first 4 weeks of life and broiler finisher mash from 4-8 weeks. Data generated include feed intake, final weight, mortality; weight gain, feed conversion ratio and unit cost of production of chicken were calculated. The data were analyzed by GLM of SAS and Duncan’s multiple-range test was used to separate significance of differences among treatment means at 5% significance level. The medium HE had the best fertility (93.00%), hatchability (95.67%) and cost of producing a chick (N 90.07) when compared with the small and large HEs. The large HE has the best results in terms of, final weight and weight gain, while medium HE has the best FCR, lowest mortality and least cost of production, which are significant at p< 0.05. It is therefore recommended poultry breeders and hatchery operators should consider the use of medium weight (50-65g) HEs in their operations, so as to cut down the production cost.    

scholarly journals Growth performance, blood parameters and production cost of broiler chickens fed dietary sweet orange peel meal diets with and without enzyme addition

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-50
Author(s):  
T. A. Sunmola ◽  
C. D. Tuleun ◽  
O. I. A. Oluremi
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Orange Peel ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Final Weight

The growth performance, blood parameters and production cost of two hundred and fifty two (252) Abor acre plus broiler chickens fed sweet orange peel meal (SOPM) with and without enzymes were investigated. The experimental diets consist of control (T ), maize was 0 replaced with SOPM at 15, 20 and 25 % without exogenous enzymes to form T , T and T 1 2 3 respectively, and another supplemented with exogenous enzyme to form T , T and T 4 5 6 respectively. The birds were randomly allocated to seven treatment groups replicated three times to have 12 birds per replicate and were fed experimental diet ad-libitum for eight weeks. Result showed that broiler chickens fed control diet (T ) had significantly (P<0.05) 0 higher final weight (FW) of 2.44kg, weight gain (WG) of 42.91, feed intake (FI) of 86.53, better feed conversion ratio (FCR)of 2.01 and protein conversion ratio (PCR)of 0.44 compared to other dietary treatments. Broiler chickens fed T and T had significantly 1 4 (P<0.05) higher final weight of 1.98 and 1.98 kg, weight gain of 34.69 and 34.71 g and feed intake of 78.35 and 81.63 g respectively while significantly (P<0.05) least values of 1.75 and 1.80 kg final weight, 30.73 and 31.49 g weight gain and 69.47 and 71.84 g feed intake respectively were recorded in broiler chickens fed T and T . Haematological indices namely: 2 5 PCV, RBC, WBC and Hb were not significantly different (P>0.05) but MCV, MCH, MCHC, lymphocytes, heterophil, eosinophil and monocytes differed significantly (P<0.05). Serum biochemical indices namely total protein, albumin, globulin and uric acid were significantly (P<0.05) influenced by the experimental diets. Though, there was no detrimental effect of SOPM and enzyme on production cost as profit was made at all replacement levels of SOPM with and without enzyme treatment, but profit per bird (N) and cost to benefit ratio revealed the superiority of the broiler chickens fed control diet (T ). Based on the results obtained, 0 SOPM can replace maize up to 25 % without posing any deleterious effect on the broiler chickens growth performance, blood parameters and production cost. However, the cost to benefit ratio was compromised with the use of SOPM. 

scholarly journals Performance of fat snook juveniles reared at different temperatures

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 39766
Author(s):  
Daniel Correia ◽  
Luiz Henrique Castro David ◽  
Sara Mello Pinho ◽  
João Costa-Filho ◽  
Maurício Gustavo Coelho Emerenciano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Feeding Rates ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Final Weight ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Water Recirculation ◽  
Fat Snook

We aimed at evaluating the effects of different water temperatures on the zootechnical performance of fat snook. The experiment lasted for 60 days, which was conducted in water recirculation systems, and was randomly designed with three treatments and three replicates each, corresponding to three water temperatures (25, 28 and 31°C). A total of 225 fat snook juveniles with a mean weight of 6.45 ± 0.58 g were used, which were fed daily until apparent satiety. Zootechnical parameters were assessed and feeding rates were registered for each tested temperature. Survival rates varied from 96 to 100% among treatments. Higher values of standard and total length, and weight gain were found in 28 and 31°C (p < 0.05). With regard to final weight, final biomass, feed conversion and specific growth rate, no significant differences were observed (p > 0.05). Feeding rates did not differ among evaluated temperatures. The results show that the used temperatures did not negatively affect zootechnical performance of fat snook juveniles. 

How growth parameters of sexed native Aseel chickens affected when fed with selenium supplemented diets during three growth phases

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waseem Muhammad Zia ◽  
Anjum Khalique ◽  
Saima Naveed ◽  
Jibran Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Growth Phases ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

In total, 240 three-weeks-old sexed birds (191.06±6.01g), 120 + 120 from Lakha, Mushki, Peshaweri and Mianwali varieties of local Aseel were used to determine the influence of selenium forms on growth during three growth phases. Birds were divided into four equal groups, 60 birds/variety (30 + 30 ), further subdivided into A, B and C treatment groups, 10 bids/treatment. Each group was allocated starter, grower and finisher diets. Group A was offered the diet supplemented with 0.3 ppm Se-enriched yeast and the diet of group B included 0.3 ppm sodium selenite, while group C was fed with un-supplemented control diet. Birds were maintained individually for 18 weeks. Feed intake was decreased, while, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and body weight gain were improved in males and females of Lakha, while best results detected in males during all growth phases in Se-enriched yeast fed groups. In conclusion, Se-enriched yeast had the positive effect in improving growth parameters of native Aseel.

scholarly journals Does regular walnut consumption lead to weight gain?

2005 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 859-864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan Sabaté ◽  
Zaida Cordero-MacIntyre ◽  
Gina Siapco ◽  
Setareh Torabian ◽  
Ella Haddad
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Dietary Compliance ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Diet Control

Studies consistently show the beneficial effects of eating nuts, but as high-energy foods, their regular consumption may lead to weight gain. We tested if daily consumption of walnuts (approximately 12% energy intake) for 6 months would modify body weight and body composition in free-living subjects. Ninety participants in a 12-month randomized cross-over trial were instructed to eat an allotted amount of walnuts (28–56g) during the walnut-supplemented diet and not to eat them during the control diet, with no further instruction. Subjects were unaware that body weight was the main outcome. Dietary compliance was about 95% and mean daily walnut consumption was 35g during the walnut-supplemented diet. The walnut-supplemented diet resulted in greater daily energy intake (557kJ (133kcal)), which should theoretically have led to a weight gain of 3·1kg over the 6-month period. For all participants, walnut supplementation increased weight (0·4 (se 0·1) kg), BMI (0·2 (se 0·1) kg/m2), fat mass (0·2 (se 0·1) kg) and lean mass (0·2 (se 0·1) kg). But, after adjusting for energy differences between the control and walnut-supplemented diets, no significant differences were observed in body weight or body composition parameters, except for BMI (0·1 (se 0·1) kg/m2). The weight gain from incorporating walnuts into the diet (control→walnut sequence) was less than the weight loss from withdrawing walnuts from the diet (walnut→control sequence). Our findings show that regular walnut intake resulted in weight gain much lower than expected and which became non-significant after controlling for differences in energy intake.

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