Operational performance of the mechanized and semi-mechanized potato harvest

Potato is an important crop plant throughout the world. Harvesting is a fundamental step in its production system. Maybe, it is the most complex and expensive operation. Thus, the objective of this work was to compare the cost of the mechanized and semi-mechanized harvest, the operational capacity and the production losses during the potato harvest process. The work was accomplished in a commercial farming, cultivated under pivot system, in the municipal district of Perdizes - MG, Brazil. A completely randomized design with two treatments was used: mechanized and semi-mechanized harvest. The mechanized harvest used a self-propelled harvester. In the semi-automated harvest, a digger mounted on tractor was used and the potato was manually harvested. It was concluded that the cost of mechanized harvest was 49.03% lower than the cost of semi-mechanized harvest. On average, the harvester had a work for 23 workers in manual harvest. Mechanized harvest showed losses of 2.35% of potato yield, while the semi-mechanized harvest showed losses of 6.32%.

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Pengaruh penggunaan ramuan herbal sebagai feed additive terhadap in come over feed cost ayam broiler

Jurnal Sains Peternakan ◽

10.21067/jsp.v5i2.3160 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 100-105

Author(s):

Ferdianus Nono ◽

Dyah Lestari Yulianti ◽

Aju Tjatur Nugroho Krisnaningsih

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Feed Consumption ◽

Feed Additive ◽

Control Group ◽

Feed Cost ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Feed Costs ◽

The Cost

ABSTRAK Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari penggunaan ramuan herbal terhadap income over feed cost ayam broiler. Materi yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah: ayam broiler DOC. Penelitian ini dirancang dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari 4 perlakuan dan masing-masing perlakuan terdiri dari 4 ulangan. Perlakuan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penggunaan ramuan herbal dalam air minum dengan level penggunaan sebagai berikut : P0: tanpa penambahan ramuan herbal, P1:air + 10 % ramuan herbal, P2: air + 15 % ramuan herbal, P3: air + 20% ramuan herbal. Variabel yang di amati dalam penelitian ini adalah konsumsi pakan, biaya pakan, dan income over feed cost ayam broiler. Data yang diperoleh (income over feed cost) di analisis dengan menggunakan analisis ragam dengan rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa biaya pakan tertinggi terdapat pada kelompok perlakuan P3 diikuti berturut-turut oleh P1, P2, P0 dan yang terendah adalah P0. Sedangkan pada P0 biaya pakan paling rendah karena tidak ada penggunaan ramuan herbal. Berdasarkan data penerimaan, penerimaan tertinggi terdapat pada kelompok kontrol P1 Rp 31.430,6 sedangkan penerimaan terandah terdapat pada kelompok P0 sebesar Rp 24.814,8.100 Rendahnya penerimaan dalam penelitian ini disebabkan oleh rendahnya bobot badan ayam broiler selama penelitian. Income Over Feed Cost selama penelitian yang tertinggi terdapat pada kelompok P3 (3.568), dan terendah terdapat pada perlakuan P1 (979) P0 (1.964), P2 (1.937) karena biaya pakan lebih tinggi dari pada penerimaan.Ini berarti bahwa penggunaan ramuan herbal dalam air minum berpengaruh sangat nyata (P< 0,01) terhadap Income Over Feed Cost. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan ramuan herbal sebagai feed additive memberikan pengaruh sangat nyata terhadap IOFC ayam broiler. Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of using herbal ingredients on income over feed costs of broiler chickens. The material used in this study was: broiler DOC. This study was designed using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 4 treatments and each treatment consisted of 4 replications. The treatment used in this study is the use of herbal ingredients in drinking water with the use level as follows: P0: without the addition of herbal ingredients, P1: water + 10% herbal ingredients, P2: water + 15% herbal ingredients, P3: water + 20% herbal concoctions. The variables observed in this study were feed consumption, feed costs, and income over feed costs for broiler chickens. The data obtained (income over feed cost) is analyzed using a variety of analysis with a completely randomized design (CRD). The results showed that the highest feed costs were found in the P3 treatment group followed by P1, P2, P0 and the lowest was P0. Whereas at P0 the cost of feed is lowest because there is no use of herbal ingredients. Based on acceptance data, the highest revenue was in the P1 control group of Rp. 31,430.6 while the lowest acceptance was in the P0 group of Rp. 24,814.8,100. The low acceptance in this study was caused by the low body weight of broiler chickens during the study. Income Over Feed Cost during the highest research was found in the P3 group (3,568), and the lowest was found in the treatment of P1 (979) P0 (1,964), P2 (1,937) because the cost of feed was higher than acceptance. drinking water has a very significant effect (P <0.01) on Income Over Feed Cost. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that the use of herbal ingredients as additive feeds has a very significant effect on IOFC broiler chickens.

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PERTUMBUHAN STEK KOPI ROBUSTA (Coffea canephora) DENGAN PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK BAWANG MERAH

Jurnal Media Pertanian ◽

10.33087/jagro.v6i1.108 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 43

Author(s):

Yulistiati Nengsih ◽

Aditya Deska Wahyu

Keyword(s):

Dry Weight ◽

Coffea Canephora ◽

Shoot Length ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Onion Extract ◽

Robusta Coffee ◽

Randomized Design ◽

The World ◽

Treatment Factor ◽

Completely Randomized Design

Indonesia is one of the largest coffee producing and exporting countries in the world. Most of the production is robusta variety. Coffee is the fourth largest foreign exchange earner for Indonesia after palm oil, rubber and cocoa and is a source of income for the community. Coffee can be developed in a generative (seed) and vegetative way, including using cuttings. Efforts to accelerate the formation of roots in cuttings can be done by using natural growth regulators, one of which is shallots which contain auxins. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of shallot extract on the growth of robusta coffee cuttings (Coffea canephora). This research was conducted from December 2019 to February 2020 at Campus II, Batanghari University (Pijoan). The design used in this study was a completely randomized design (CRD) with one treatment factor, namely shallot extract including; .k0 (without giving onion extract), k1 (250 g of shallots in 1 liter of distilled water), k2 (500 g of shallots in 1 liter of distilled water), k3 (750 g of shallots in 1 liter of distilled water), and k4 (1000 g of shallots in 1 liter of distilled water). Each stage of the experiment was repeated 3 times, so that there were 15 experimental plots, for each experiment there were 10 cuttings with a total of 150 cuttings. The observed data were analyzed using analysis of variance followed by the DNMRT test at α 5%. From the immersion treatment in 750 g of shallot extract in 1 liter of distilled water (k3), there was an increase in the percentage of live cuttings 47.37%, the percentage of shoots and roots growth of 83.51%, 106.06% of shoot length, and 98.03% of roots. , and the root dry weight of 225.27% compared without giving onion extract (k0).

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Cost benefit analysis of level of Ziziphus (Ziziphus mauritiana) leaf meal inclusion in the diet of growing rabbits

Nigerian Journal of Animal Production ◽

10.51791/njap.v39i2.719 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 90-95

Author(s):

S. B. Abdu ◽

M. R. Hassan ◽

H. Y. Adamu ◽

S. M. Yashim ◽

M. Abdulrashid ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cost Benefit Analysis ◽

Cost Benefit ◽

Ziziphus Mauritiana ◽

Benefit Analysis ◽

Leaf Meal ◽

Highest Weight ◽

Feed Cost ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

The Cost

Thirty (30) growing rabbits of mixed breeds and sexes with an average initial weight of 526.92±0.25g ere used for this study to determine the effect of level of inclusion of Ziziphus leaf meal (ZLM) in concentrate diet on the performance of growing rabbits. The experiment was in a completely randomized design involving five treatments, which represented five diets with 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40% levels of ZLM inclusion. Significant differences (p<0.05) were observed in weight gains, feed intake and feed:gain ratios. Treatment 2 had the highest weight gain (though not significantly different (p>0.05) from treatment 1 and the best feed /gain values.The cost benefit analysis shows a 40.51 % reduction in the cost of feed, following a 10 % inclusion of ZLM in the diet (T2) over the control (T1), while 46.35 and 47.94 % reduction were observed following 20 and 30 % ZLM inclusion (T3 and T4) respectively. In term of apparent profit made, T1 recorded the highest profit (N 35.29) over all other treatments, which was followed by T2 (N30.49), T3 (N15.11) and T4 recorded the least (N 12.99). Inclusion of RHSM in the diet of rabbits resulted in reduction in the cost of feed and feed cost efficiency. From the results obtained it was concluded that dried ZLM could be incorporated up to 30% in the diets of growing rabbits without any adverse effect on their performance.

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Afrecho de yuca como sustituto parcial del maíz en la alimentación de cerdos de engorde

La Técnica: Revista de las Agrociencias. ISSN 2477-8982 ◽

10.33936/la_tecnica.v0i0.974 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 54

Author(s):

Rolando Romero de Armas ◽

Euster Alcívar Acosta ◽

Jorge Alpízar Muni

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Gas Production ◽

Economic Advantage ◽

Partial Substitution ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Palabras Clave ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Alternative Feeds ◽

The Cost

Cassava bran like partial substitute of the corn in the feeding of pig’s feeder RESUMEN Se determinó la degradabilidad in vitro mediante la técnica de producción de gas del afrecho de yuca obtenido en el cantón Chone, provincia de Manabí y se valoró su posibilidad de sustituir el 10, 20 o 30% del maíz en la alimentación de cerdos en crecimiento y ceba; para lo cual se emplearon 16 cerdos, 8 hembras y 8 machos castrados distribuidos en un diseño completamente aleatorizado así como su ventaja económica. Se encontró una alta degradabilidad del producto evaluado tanto para las fases de crecimiento y de ceba; mientras que el consumo de alimentos, el peso vivo y la conversión alimenticia no difirieron significativamente entre los tratamientos con afrecho de yuca y el control de maíz; el costo de los alimentos disminuyo a medida que aumentó el nivel de sustitución del maíz. Se concluye que el afrecho de yuca es una nueva alternativa sostenible y ventajosa económicamente para productores de cerdos. Se recomienda la inclusión del 30 % del afrecho de yuca en sustitución parcial del maíz Palabras clave: Alimentos alternativos, composición nutritiva, digestibilidad, materia seca, producción de gas ABSTRACT Was to determine the degradability in vitro of the cassava bran obtained in the Canton Chone, its possibility to substitute 10, 20 o 30% the corn in the feeding of the pigs in growth and finalization, for which we used 16 pigs, 8 females and 8 castrated males distributed in a completely randomized design as well as its economic advantage. The obtained results show a high degradability of the evaluated product and that in the phases of growth as much as finalization and the feeds consumption, body weight and the nutritious conversion didn't differ significantly among the treatments with cassava bran and the control of corn; as for the cost of the feeds for treatments this diminishes as the level of substitution of the corn increased. The cassava bran is economically a new sustainable and advantageous alternative for producing of pigs. The inclusion of 30% of cassava bran in partial substitution of maize is recommended Keywords: Alternative feeds, digestibility, dry matter, gas production nutritious composition

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BIOECONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF A FEEDLOT BULL WITH DIFFERENT GENETIC GROUPS

JOURNAL OF NEOTROPICAL AGRICULTURE ◽

10.32404/rean.v7i3.4578 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 97-103

Author(s):

Janaína Teles Da Silva Maia ◽

Thaís Lopes Gonçalves ◽

Guilherme De David ◽

Felipe Nogueira Domingues ◽

Ricardo Pedroso Oaigen

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Genetic Group ◽

Daily Weight Gain ◽

Total Production ◽

Financial Indicators ◽

Genetic Groups ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

The Cost ◽

Livestock Systems

Livestock systems require a thorough analysis of zootechnical and financial indicators. In this sense, the objective of this study was to evaluate the bioeconomic performance of feedlot bulls with different genetic groups in 2012 and 2013. The experiment was carried out on a farm in Paragominas, State of Pará. The confined animals belonged to the Nellore (NE), ½ Angus ½ Nellore (AN) and ½ Charolais ½ Nellore (CH) breeds. The indicators analyzed were the cost of production and economic indicators. Additionally, zootechnical indicators were evaluated, being considered NE, AN, and CH as treatments in a completely randomized design. The financial results of the total production cost were R$ 118,493.21 in 2012, and R$ 111,166.35 in 2013, and the profitability obtained was 11% in 2012 and 8% in 2013. Regarding the zootechnical indicators, the CH genetic group showed superiority (P 0.01) compared to the NE genetic group for the variables initial weight (IW), final weight (FW), weight gain (WG), average daily weight gain (DWG), and carcass yield (CY). The confinement proved to be economically viable, with positive margins and satisfactory profitability, and the CH genetic group had the best indicators and the highest increase in the final revenue of the activity.

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KAJIAN PEMBERIAN PAKAN BERBAHAN BAKU LOKAL DENGAN KANDUNGAN PROTEIN YANG BERBEDA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN IKAN GURAME (Osphronemus goramy Lac.)

Jurnal Akuakultur Rawa Indonesia ◽

10.36706/jari.v9i1.14257 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 49-59

Author(s):

Aditya Kusuma Nugroho ◽

Siti Hudaidah ◽

Limin Santoso

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

Economic Value ◽

Production Costs ◽

Feed Production ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Commercial Feed ◽

Key Word ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

The Cost ◽

Protein Treatment

Gourami fish (Osphronemus goramy Lac.) is a freshwater fish commodity that has high economic value because its very popular with all people. But the feed commonly used by gourami fish cultivators is factory-made feed, which is a commercial feed that usually costs quite a lot of money due to the material for making commercial feed, some of which still import from abroad. Therefore it is necessary to find a solution to reduce the cost of cultivation production by replacing commercial feed with homemade feed made from local raw materials. The purpose of this study was to examine the use of local raw materials formulated to make feed suitable for the growth of gourami fish (Osphronemus goramy Lac.) And to analyze the production costs of goramy feed made from local raw materials. This study consisted of 4 treatments and 3 replications using the completely randomized design (CRD) method. The treatments consisted of treatment A (30% protein), treatment B (33% protein), treatment C (36% protein), and treatment D (commercial). The results of this study indicate that the treatment of feed A, B, and C produced the same growth as commercial feed, and treatment of feed A resulted in the lowest feed production costs compared to other treatments. Key word: feed, growth, local raw materials, Oshphronemus goramy

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Efek Penambahan Tepung Daun Kelor (Moringa Oleifera) Pada Ransum Komersial Terhadap Berat Karkas, Persentase Karkas dan Persentase Non Karkas Ayam Broiler

GEMA AGRO ◽

10.22225/ga.23.1.659.53-58 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 53

Author(s):

Jery Daku Haril ◽

Yan Tonga ◽

I Nyoman Kaca

Keyword(s):

Broiler Chickens ◽

Broiler Chicken ◽

Carcass Weight ◽

Maize Flour ◽

Feed Material ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Optimal Productivity ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

The Cost

One of the efforts to fulfill the community's nutritional resources derived from animal protein is by broiler farming business. In order for broiler chickens to achieve optimal productivity then the provision of proper rations in both quality and quantity must be met, but the obstacle in improving the quality of the ration is the cost of ration is large enough. It is necessary to research the feed material that is able to meet the needs of broiler chicken one of them is the leaves kelor. This research used broiler strain CP-707 as much as 60 tail. The method used is CRD (Completely Randomized Design) with 5 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments were rations with no addition of moringa flour (PO), ration with addition of 3% maize flour (P1), ration with addition of 6% maize flour (P2), ration with addition of maize flour 9% (P3), ration with the addition of 12% maize flour (P4). The variables observed in this study were carcass weight, carcass percentage and non carcass percentage. From the results of this study it can be concluded that the addition of moringa flour on ration to 12% level on carcass weight, carcass percentage and non carcass percentage statistically show different not significant.

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Effects of tuber size, soaking hours and sprouting media on sprouting of tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus L. var. sativa) tubers

Acta agriculturae Slovenica ◽

10.14720/aas.2016.107.2.08 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 107 (2) ◽

pp. 345

Author(s):

Thomas Oladeji Fabunmi ◽

Sunday Ojo Adigbo ◽

Joy Nwakaego Odedina ◽

Yanmife Iyanu Akinsanya

Keyword(s):

Tuber Size ◽

Medium Size ◽

Growth Media ◽

Food Crops ◽

Cyperus Esculentus ◽

Cotton Wool ◽

Limited Information ◽

Randomized Design ◽

The World ◽

Completely Randomized Design

Tiger nut, Cyperus esculentus L., is one of the underutilized and neglected food crops in most parts of the world leading to limited information on its production technology. A trial arranged in a 3×4×2 factorial of a completely randomized design was conducted in a green house of the Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria, to evaluate the effects of tuber size (large, medium and small), soaking duration (0, 24, 48 and 72 hours) and sprouting media (cotton wool and polythene bag) on the sprouting of tiger nut. Significant interactions were observed between growth media and soaking hours as well as between tuber sizes and soaking hours on the sprouting of tiger nut. Soaking beyond 24 hours before placement in sprouting medium led to a significant reduction in number of sprouted tubers in polythene bags. Small sized tubers had reduced (p<0.05) number of sprouts when soaked beyond 24 hours. Sprouting of tiger nut was better using medium size tubers soaked for 24 hours and placed between layers of cotton wool.

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Growth performance and feeding cost of weaned rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) fed graded levels of oven dried poultry droppings based diet

Nigerian Journal of Animal Production ◽

10.51791/njap.v44i5.1409 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 44 (5) ◽

pp. 127-134

Author(s):

H. Ibrahim ◽

O. O. Egbewande ◽

A. B. Musa ◽

G. I. Lapai ◽

I. B. Jatau ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Oryctolagus Cuniculus ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Mixed Breed ◽

Inclusion Level ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Poultry Droppings ◽

Dietary Treatments ◽

The Cost

Thirty six weaned mixed breed rabbits aged between 5 -6 weeks were used to investigate the growth performance and feeding cost of rabbits fed graded levels of oven dried poultry droppings. The rabbits were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments with three replicates and three rabbits per replicate in the ratio of 2:1 (2 females and I male) in a completely randomized design. poultry droppings were oven dried at 100 c, 80 c, 60 c, 40 c and incorporated at 0, 20, 40 and 60% levels of inclusion to replace ground nut in the compounded feed or experimental diets and designated as T1,T2 ,T3 and T4 respectively excluding treatment one (T1) . Data collected were subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA. Growth performance performance of rabbits showed no significant (P>0.05) differences across the treatment groups. However highest average feed intake was recorded in T3 (40 %) inclusion level 473.60 g and the lowest in T3 (40 %) of 458.80 g. The result of cost of feeding revealed that as the inclusion level of oven dried poultry increased the cost of feeding rabbits reduces The trial revealed that oven dried poultry dropping can be used at 40 %level of inclusion in the rabbit dietwithout posing any threat to the animal.

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Organic and mineral fertilization on productivity and postharvest of okra

Revista Agro mbiente On-line ◽

10.18227/1982-8470ragro.v14i0.6153 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 ◽

Author(s):

Jonnathan Richeds Da Silva Sales ◽

Geocleber Gomes De Sousa ◽

Raimundo Gleidison Lima Rocha ◽

Francisco Hermeson Rodrigues Costa ◽

Elizeu Matos Da Cruz Filho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mineral Fertilizer ◽

Skin Thickness ◽

Mineral Fertilization ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Fruit Skin ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

The Cost ◽

Small Producers ◽

Fruit Mass

Mineral fertilization promotes good results for the components of production and quality of okra fruit; however, it raises the cost of production, making it, sometimes, unviable to the small producers. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate organic and mineral fertilization in different forms, in the components of production, productivity, and quality of okra fruits. The experiment was carried out, under full sunlight, in a completely randomized design (CRD), with six replications. The treatments corresponded to the different forms of fertilization, being: MF = mineral fertilization with NPK (100% of the recommended dose); BF = fertilization with bovine biofertilizer (100% of the NPK contents); VA = fertilization with vegetable ash (100% of NPK contents); MFBF = mineral fertilizer (50%) + bovine biofertilizer (50%); MFVA = mineral fertilizer (50%) + vegetable ash (50%); C = control (without fertilization). The variables analyzed were as follows: number of fruits per plant (NFP), average fruit mass (AFM), fruit length (FL), fruit diameter (FD), fruit skin thickness (FST), and yield (Y). Therefore, the use of bovine biofertilizer in isolation or supplemented with mineral fertilization enhances the production of okra and improves the quality of the fruits, reveling as promising alternatives for growing okra.

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