scholarly journals Ascophyllum nodosum in the diet of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and its effect after inoculation of Aeromonas hydrophila

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 403-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samira T.L. Oliveira ◽  
Gisele Veneroni-Gouveia ◽  
Augusto C. Santos ◽  
Silia M.N. Sousa ◽  
Marcelo L. Veiga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Brown Seaweed ◽  
Ascophyllum Nodosum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Sterile Saline ◽  
Bacterial Inoculum

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of Ascophyllum nodosum brown seaweed meal (FAM) on the health of Nile tilapia submitted to inoculation with Aeromonas hydrophila. The experiment was conducted for a period of 40 days using 120 Nile tilapia fingerlings, with age of 40 days, distributed in 20 tanks. A diet including Ascophyllum nodosum seaweed meal at 20g.kg-1 and a control diet (without FAM) were provided which constituted the treatments. Thirty days after beginning the experiment, A. hydrophila was inoculated by bacterial inoculum diluted in sterile saline solution at a concentration of 10(6) CFU ml-1. Except for the width, which was greater for the treatment with the provision of FAM (P<0.05), there was no influence on the performance parameters of the fingerlings, but the occurrence of lesions in animals inoculated with A. hydrophila and fed with FAM was lower and they also exhibited a decline in the lesions in a shorter period of time than the control group. FAM prevents hepatopancreatic congestion in infected animals. Ascophyllum nodosum brown seaweed meal reduced the number of lesions in fish in a shorter time when compared to the control group.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of virulence factors in Aeromonas hydrophila obtained from fish

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 701-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samira T.L. Oliveira ◽  
Gisele Veneroni-Gouveia ◽  
Mateus M. Costa
Keyword(s):  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
In Vivo Tests ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Multiple factors can be involved in the virulence processes of Aeromonas hydrophila. The objective of the present paper was to verify the presence of aerolysin, hidrolipase, elastase and lipase virulence genes through the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in A. hydrophila isolates obtained from fish of the São Francisco River Valley, and to evaluate virulence according to the presence of these genes in Nile tilapia fingerlings. One hundred and fourteen isolates from the bacteria were used. DNA was heat extracted and PCR undertaken using specific primers described in the literature. For in vivo tests Nile tilapia fingerlings were used. From the PCR tests, negative isolates for all genes tested were selected, positive isolates for two genes (aerolysin and elastase) and positive for the four genes tested. These were inoculated at a concentration of 10(8) UFC/ml into the tilapias, considered as treatments; another group of animals was used as control (with inoculation of saline solution). In all, 12 distinct standards regarding the presence of virulence factors in isolates from A. hydrophila, were observed. Of the 114 isolates analyzed, 100 (87.72%) presented at least one of the virulence factors under study. The virulence factors were widely distributed among the A. hydrophila isolates. Aerolysin was the most frequent virulence factor present in the isolates analyzed. A. hydrophila led to the mortality of the Nile tilapia fingerlings, regardless of the absence or quantity of virulence genes tested.

scholarly journals Extract of grape seed enhances the growth performance, humoral and mucosal immunity, and resistance of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) against Aeromonas hydrophila

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zohre Mehrinakhi ◽  
Ehsan Ahmadifar ◽  
Najmeh Sheikhzadeh ◽  
Mohsen Shahriari Moghadam ◽  
Mahmoud A.O. Dawood
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Common Carp ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Grape Seed ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feed Conversion

AbstractThis study evaluated the effects of grape seed extract (GSE) on the growth performance, immune response, and disease resistance of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Fish were distributed in four groups and fed diets with varying levels of GSE at 0, 10, 20, and 30 g/kg for 56 days. The final length in fish fed with 20 and 30 g GSE/kg diet significantly increased in comparison with the control group (P<0.05). The final weight and weight gain of fish fed with GSE were statistically higher than the control diet, while the feed conversion ratio was lower in GSE groups than the control. Hematological parameters did not statistically enhance with GSE supplemented diets (P>0.05). However, fish fed with 30 g GSE/kg diet displayed a higher WBC count significantly than the other group (P<0.05). The serum total protein and globulin in fish fed with 20 g GSE/kg diet significantly increased compared to the control (P<0.05). A similar pattern was noticed in results for serum and mucus lysozyme activity with a significant increase in fish fed with 20 and 30 g GSE/kg diet compared to the control (P<0.05). Total antibody levels in serum and mucus samples were also increased in fish by dietary GSE with maximum levels by 20 and 30 g GSE/kg diet. Besides, mucus protease activity was higher in fish received 20 and 30 g GSE/kg diet with maximum level shown in fish fed with 30 g GSE/kg diet compared to the control group (P<0.05). Meanwhile, all groups showed higher mucus antibacterial activity against Aeromonas hydrophila with the highest activity in 30 g GSE/kg diet in comparison with the control group. The cumulative mortality was 36.67% when fish fed with 30 g GSE/kg diet and challenged with A. hydrophila. However, the mortality rate was 40% and 53.33% in fish fed 20 and 30 g GSE/kg diet, respectively. This study suggests that supplementation of GSE could significantly enhance the growth performance, immune responses, and disease resistance against A. hydrophila in common carp.

Reduction in Bacterial Loading Using 2% Chlorhexidine Gluconate as an Irrigant in Pulpectomized Primary Teeth: A Preliminary Report

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
CL Ruiz-Esparza ◽  
A Garrocho-Rangel ◽  
AM Gonzalez-Amaro ◽  
H Flores-Reyes ◽  
AJ Pozos-Guillen
Keyword(s):  
Primary Teeth ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Chlorhexidine Gluconate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Sterile Saline ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Experimental Group

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the reduction in bacterial loading using 2% chlorhexidine gluconate as an irrigating solution in pulpectomized primary teeth. Study design: A randomized, controlled clinical trial was performed that included primary teeth with pulp necrosis. Forty necrotic teeth were included, 20 irrigated with 2% chlorhexidine gluconate (experimental group) and 20 with sterile saline solution (control group); in all cases, 2 microbiological samples from within the canals were taken with sterile paper points, the first after the canal opening and before the first irrigation, and the second after instrumentation and final irrigation, before filling. All samples were evaluated by McFarland's scale. Results: The results were statistically analyzed by the Mann-Whitney U test. After analyzing samples before and after irrigation in the control group (saline), we found a significant decrease of bacterial load (P &lt;0.0002). The same occurred in the chlorhexidine group samples (P &lt;0.0001). When both groups were compared postirrigation,a statistically significant difference was observed in favor of 2% chlorhexidine gluconate.Conclusion: Two percent chlorhexidine gluconate showed a greater reduction of intracanal bacterial loading compared with that observed with sterile saline solution. This irrigating solution is suggested as an alternative for pulpectomy of necrotic primary teeth.

scholarly journals POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS OF DIETARY Moringa oleifera LEAVES AS GROWTH MODULATOR AND IMMUNOSTIMULANT AGAINST Aeromonas hydrophila FOR FARMED Oreochromis niloticus

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Ratchaneegorn Mapanao ◽  
Wirat Jiwyam ◽  
Wilailuk Khrueanet ◽  
Nudtha Nithikulworawong
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Cell Count ◽  
Treatment Groups

Herbal medicine, including moringa (Moringa oleifera), is widely used as dietary supplementation to enhance growth performance and increase disease resistance in aquaculture. This study aimed to investigate the effects of supplementing moringa leaves on growth performance, hematology and disease resistance of nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) against Aeromonas hydrophila. Fish (38.05 ± 0.83 g) were fed with a commercial feed supplemented by moringa leaves at 0%, 15%, 20%, and 25%, ad libitum, twice a day for eight weeks. Results revealed that 15% moringa leaves supplemented diet gave the highest weight gain, while the specific growth rate was statistically significantly different (p<0.05) among the treatments. Fish fed with 25% supplementation had the highest total red blood cell count and total white blood cell count. All experimental groups had higher values of red blood cells and white blood cells than the control group. The challenge test with A. hydrophila showed that the fish fed with the 25% moringa leaves supplementation diet had the highest relative percentage survival rate. There were no significant differences among the treatment groups. However, the treatment groups had a statistically significant difference with the control group (p<0.05). Results of the present study indicated that supplementation of 15% moringa leaves in diet gave optimal growth performance, while supplementation of 25% moringa leaves in the diet showed the best results in terms of the health of nile tilapia. Moringa leaves supplemented in nile tilapia diet enhanced growth performance and increased disease resistance against A. hydrophila.

Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Evaluation of Chlorobutanol, Potassium Carbonate, and Irrigation in Cerumen Removal

2009 ◽  
Vol 118 (8) ◽  
pp. 552-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Caballero ◽  
Pilar Navarrete ◽  
Eduard Prades ◽  
Juan Domenech ◽  
Manuel Bernal-Sprekelsen
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Alcohol ◽  
Potassium Carbonate ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Ear Canal ◽  
Complete Occlusion ◽  
Sterile Saline ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Tympanic Membranes

Objectives We evaluated the efficacy over a short period of time of two ceruminolytic products, Otocerum (chlorobutanol, phenol, turpentine essence, ethyl alcohol; Reig Jofre Laboratories, Barcelona, Spain) and Taponoto (potassium carbonate, ethyl alcohol, glycerol, thymol; Teofarma Iberica SA, Barcelona), in adult subjects with complete occlusion of the ear canal due to cerumen. Methods Ninety subjects with complete occlusion of the ear canal were enrolled in a randomized, subject- and observer-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial. The subjects were randomly assigned to one of three different treatments: Otocerum, Taponoto, or sterile saline solution (control group). The test medication was instilled into an occluded ear for 15 minutes. After this treatment, the subject's ear was irrigated with 50 mL of water. The main outcome was the proportion of tympanic membranes completely visualized after treatment. Results One subject among the 90 enrolled did not accept a second ear irrigation and was excluded from the study. Neither Otocerum nor Taponoto was superior to saline solution. Cerumen occlusion resolved in 21 of 32 subjects treated with Otocerum (65.6%), 16 of 29 treated with Taponoto (55.2%), and 12 of 28 treated with saline solution (42.9%). Conclusions The use of Taponoto or Otocerum did not significantly improve the proportion of tympanic membranes that were completely visualized compared with saline solution when they were instilled 15 minutes before ear irrigation.

scholarly journals Effect of azaperone in newly calved sows over the progenies’ health and performance in maternity and nursery phases

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 3843
Author(s):  
Everson Zotti ◽  
Caio Abércio da Silva ◽  
Amauri Alcindo Alfieri ◽  
Ana Maria Bridi ◽  
Camila Perin Welter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sterile Saline ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Control ◽  
Positive Effect

The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of azaperone administered to sows at the end of farrowing over the health and zootechnical parameters of progenies in the maternity and nursery phases. The experiment was conducted with 120 females, with 1st, 3rd and 5th parities, and 1,564 born alive piglets. The females of the group treated with azaperone (TG n = 60) and control group (CG, n = 60) received a deep intramuscular injection, immediately after the placenta elimination, of 8 mL azaperone (320 mg) and 8 mL of sterile saline solution, respectively. During the maternity phase (? 21 days old) the percentage of piglets with diarrhea of CG (2.58%) was significantly different (P ? 0.01) compared to the GT (0.75%). At the maternity phase there were no significant differences between the treatments to the mortality rate, total and piglets weight with <1 kg, transfers, crushed, medicated, arthritis and starvation. In the nursery phase, there weren’t also significant differences between the treatments. The administration of azaperone had a positive effect over the diarrhea control of piglets until the weaned.

scholarly journals Microcirculatory effects of systemic metabolic correction with reactive oxygen species: An experimental study

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 4026-4031
Author(s):  
Andrew K. Martusevich ◽  
Konstantin A. Karuzin ◽  
Levon R. Dilenyan ◽  
Sergey P. Peretyagin
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Doppler Flowmetry ◽  
Sterile Saline ◽  
Small Vessels ◽  
Ozone Dose

Introduction: The purpose of this study is to estimate microcirculation changes under systemic (intraperitoneal) administration of ozonized saline. Methods: For this study, we formed four equal groups of Wistar male rats (n = 10 per group). Rats of first (control) group was intraperitoneally injected with non-ozonized sterile saline solution (daily administration volume — 1 ml.) during 30 days. Animals of other groups (n = 10 for second, third and fourth groups) received 30 intraperitoneal infusions (1 ml/day) daily with ozonized saline solution (saturating ozone concentration for indicated groups — 3000, 10000 and 40000 mcg/l, ozone dose per procedure — 0.75, 2.5 and 10 mcg, respectively). Technology of the Laser Doppler Flowmetry (LDF) along with ``LAKK-02'' device (Moscow, Russia) was used for complex estimation of skin microcirculation state. This technology allows us to study blood flow intensity in skin microvessels at the first and thirty-first days of the experiment. We also can estimate regulatory mechanisms of microcirculation support and the presence of shunt paths of the microcirculation. Results: We studied the dose-dependent response of microcirculation on ozone infusions in chronic experiments. We found that long-lasting course (30 procedures) of intraperitoneal administration of ozonized sodium chloride solution provides an increase in the level of microcirculation index compared to that of the control (injections of nonozonized saline solution), regardless of the applied dose of ozone. At the same time, the level of the microcirculation response was directly determined by the introduced amount of ozone, and we fixed non-linear dependence on it. Our study allowed us to show that only low doses of ozone (0.75 mcg/day) have proadaptive effects on the microcirculatory bed. This was shown both in the dynamics of the microcirculation index and the state of regulatory mechanisms. Middle ozone dose (2.5 mcg/day) also caused the stimulation of blood flow in small vessels, though this was predominantly through other mechanisms (neurogenic components). The most negative reaction of microcirculation was observed for high ozone dose (8 mcg). Conclusion: Despite the activation of microcirculation observed in this case, we have identified that the mechanism was primarily through the respiratory component regulation and via formation of "steal syndrome" in the tissue.

scholarly journals Haematological changes in Nile tilapia experimentally infected with Enterococcus sp.

2008 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 657-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
ML. Martins ◽  
JLP. Mouriño ◽  
GV. Amaral ◽  
FN. Vieira ◽  
G. Dotta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
White Blood Cell ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
The Other ◽  
Swim Bladder ◽  
Sterile Saline ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Haematological Changes

This study evaluated the haematological changes in Nile tilapia experimentally infected with 1 x 10³ and 1 x 10(6) colony-forming units (CFU)/mL of Enterococcus sp. in the swim bladder. The experiment consisted of four treatments in triplicates: non-injected fish (NI); fish injected with 1 mL of sterile saline solution 0.65% (SAL); fish injected with 1 x 10³ and 1 x 10(6) CFU/mL of Enterococcus diluted in 1 mL sterile saline. Twenty-four hours after injection, the fish were anesthetized and the blood collected. The haematological tests included red blood cell (RBC) and white blood cell (WBC) counts, hematocrit, number of total thrombocytes, and differential counting of WBC. Fish injected with 1 x 10(6) CFU/mL of Enterococcus showed a higher number of thrombocytes than the other treatments. White blood cell and lymphocyte numbers increased significantly in fish injected with 1 x 10(6) CFU/mL of Enterococcus when compared to non-injected control. There was significant increase in the number of neutrophils in saline injected fish and reduced number of monocytes after injections with 1 x 10(6) CFU/mL of Enterococcus. Hematocrit increased in fish injected with 1 x 10³ and 1 x 10(6) CFU/mL of Enterococcus.

Supplementing feed with Pediococcus acidilactici reduces Campylobacter load in finishing pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 187 (6) ◽  
pp. e45-e45
Author(s):  
Ángela Morales-Partera ◽  
Fernando Cardoso Toset ◽  
Inmaculada Luque ◽  
Alfonso Maldonado ◽  
Carmen Tarradas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Pediococcus Acidilactici ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Free Range ◽  
Group Control

BackgroundPigs are asymptomatic carriers of foodborne bacteria, such as Salmonella enterica and Campylobacter species, which can pose a risk to human health. New strategies to control bacteria burden before reaching the slaughterhouse are necessary. This study evaluated the effect of Pediococcus acidilactici on performance parameters and on the burden of foodborne pathogens, that have subsequent implications on food quality and safety, in free-range finishing pigs at the slaughterhouse.MethodsPigs were randomly allocated and blocked by weight into control group (control diet) and treated group (control diet supplemented with P acidilactici) 31 days before slaughter. Weight and average daily gain were recorded and changes in faecal microbiota were determined at the beginning and at the end of the study.ResultsNo changes were observed in performance parameters. No statistically significant differences were observed when comparing between treated and control animals at the beginning or at the end of the study. However, a significant decrease was detected in the counts of Campylobacter species in treated animals between day 0 and day 31 (4.86–3.40 log colony-forming units/g; P=0.002).ConclusionThis study indicates that supplementation with P acidilactici represents a useful approach to control Campylobacter species load in free-range finishing pigs before slaughter.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF CUMULATIVE PROPERTIES OF THE COMPLEX TOOL Z-88

2021 ◽  
Vol 248 (4) ◽  
pp. 221-225
Author(s):  
V.G. Sofronov ◽  
◽  
Z.F. Aukhadieva ◽  
F.A. Medetkhanov ◽  
M.I. Gilemkhanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Chloride Solution ◽  
Sodium Chloride Solution ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Maximum Volume ◽  
Sterile Saline ◽  
Laboratory Rats ◽  
Experimental Group

This present work is devoted to the study of cumulative properties of the complex means Z-88. The studies were carried out on intact mongrel laboratory rats that had previously passed quarantine measures for 12 days. Two equivalent groups were created. The animals of the experimental group were injected intramuscularly in the thigh area with Z-88, and the control group was similarly injected with 0.9% sterile sodium chloride solution. On the first day of the experiment, the rats were injected with test drugs at a dose of 0.5 ml per animal, which was 1/10 of the maximum volume used in experiments to determine the parameters of acute toxicity. Both Z-88 and sterile saline solution were administered once a day throughout the experiment. Z-88 was administered once a day throughout the experiment. Starting from the fifth day, in every subsequent four days, the dose of the drug was increased by 1.5 times. The duration of the experiment was 24 days. During the experimental period of visible changes on the part of the studied indicators.

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