scholarly journals Topical 1% Nalbuphine on corneal sensivity and epitheilization after experimental lamellar keratectomy in rabbits

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 679-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Ladino Silva ◽  
Dunia Yisela Trujillo Piso ◽  
Alexandre Pinto Ribeiro ◽  
Jose Luiz Laus
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Control Group ◽  
State University ◽  
Corneal Sensitivity ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
The Right ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Animal Care

The present study was aimed to evaluate the effects of topical 1% nalbuphine on corneal sensitivity and re-epithelialization, after lamellar keratectomy in rabbits. All protocols were approved by the Animal Care Comission of São Paulo State University (Protocol 028793-08) and were conducted in accordance with the Institutional Animal Committee and the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO) statement for the use of animals in research. Surgeries were performed on the left eye (Nalbuphine Group) and on the right eye (Control Group). Two groups were formed (n=10) and corneas received either 30µl of 1% nalbuphine (NG) or 30µl of 0,9% saline (CG). Treatments occurred at 7, 11, 15 and 19 hours. After the surgery, the corneas were stained with fluorescein and photographed daily; corneal touch threshold (CTT) was assessed with Cochet-Bonnet aesthesiometer, at 7 and 19 hours, 20 minutes after treatments. Data were statistically compared with repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc test, and T test (P<0.05). Average ±SD time for corneal re-epithelialization was 7.40±0.47 days (NG) and 8.90±0.31 days (CG) (P=0.11). The results showed that the diameter of the keratectomized area and CTT did not change significantly between both groups (P>0.05); however, a higher area under the curve for both parameters was observed in the NG (2771), in comparison to CG (2164). Topical 1% nalbuphine did not change significantly corneal sensitivity and re-epithelialization, after experimental lamellar keratectomy in rabbits.

scholarly journals Ipsilateral and Contralateral Torque Responses to Bilateral and Unilateral Maximal, Fatiguing, Isokinetic Leg Extensions

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Tyler J. Neltner ◽  
John Paul V. Anders ◽  
Joshua L. Keller ◽  
Robert W. Smith ◽  
Terry J. Housh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Isometric Contraction ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Central Fatigue ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Maximal Voluntary Isometric Contraction ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
The Right ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Isokinetic Peak Torque

Background: Few studies have compared performance fatigability (PF) for bilateral versus unilateral isokinetic tasks. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine: Mode-specific testing responses to isokinetic fatigue, differences in PF between bilateral and unilateral leg extensions, and the effects of fatiguing, unilateral, dynamic leg extensions on contralateral isokinetic peak torque (PT) and maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC). Methods: Eight men (mean ± SD: age= 22.5 ± 2.5 yr.) completed pre- and post-testing for PT and MVIC following 50 bilateral, unilateral right or left leg maximal, isokinetic leg extensions at 180°·s-1, on three separate days. Fatigue-induced decreases in PT and MVIC were used to quantify PF. The data were analyzed with a 4-way repeated measures ANOVA, follow up, and post-hoc analyses. Results: The results indicated that there were no differences (p > 0.05) in PF for the bilateral versus unilateral fatiguing tasks, decreases in PT (p < 0.001 - 0.016; d = 0.54 - 2.58) and MVIC (p < 0.001 - 0.006; η2p = 0.682 - 0.962) for the exercised legs during unilateral fatigue, and a contralateral increase (p = 0.007) in PT following the right leg fatiguing task. Conclusion: The results indicated that PT was more sensitive to fatiguing isokinetic tasks than was MVIC. In addition, there was a facilitation of PT in the contralateral leg following unilateral right leg fatigue. The differences in PT and MVIC testing may be attributable to the timing and/or relative contributions of peripheral and central fatigue.

scholarly journals Efek Ekstrak Etanol Daun Kelor (Moringa oleifera, Lamk.) Pada Mencit Model Demensia: Kajian Memori Spasial, Kadar Malondialdehid Dan Jumlah Sel Piramidal Hipokampus Area CA1 Dan CA2-CA3

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-78
Author(s):  
Arikha Ayu Susilowati
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Area Ca1 ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Test Control

ABSTRAK   penyakit sel-sel saraf di otak, akibat hipokampus yang rusak oleh radikal bebas. EEDK (Ekstrak etanol daun kelor) (Moringa oleifera, Lamk.) mengandung phytochemicals, karoten, vitamin, mineral, asam amino, flavonoid dan phenolic, terbukti mengurangi kerusakan oksidatif dan defisit memori. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui efek EEDK terhadap memori spasial, kadar MDA, jumlah sel piramidal hipokampus yang rusak area CA1,CA2-CA3 dan gambaran histopatologi mencit. Rancangan penelitian ini pre test and post test control group design untuk uji memori spasial dan post test control group design untuk uji kadar MDA, jumlah sel piramidal hipokampus dan gambaran histopatologi. Menggunakan 30 ekor mencit terdiri dari 6 kelompok, per kelompok ada 5 ekor mencit, yaitu kelompok kontrol normal, kontrol positif, kontrol negatif, kelompok EEDK 100, 200, dan 400 mg/kgBB, semua diinduksi Pb asetat 50 mg/KgBB kecuali pada kelompok normal. Kontrol positif diobati kuersetin 50 mg/kgBB, sedangkan kontrol negatif tidak diobati. Data uji memori diperoleh dari uji Morris water maze pra dan paska perlakuan, data status antioksidan diperoleh dari uji kadar MDA dan data gambaran histopatologi diperoleh dari perhitungan jumlah sel pyramidal. Analisis data menggunakan repeated measures ANOVA dan ANOVA dengan Post Hoc LSD. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan waktu latensi, uji kadar MDA dan pemeriksaan histopatologi otak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kelompok kontrol negatif dengan kelompok EEDK. Pemberian EEDK 400 mg/kgBB paling efektif memperbaiki memori spasial, menurunkan kadar MDA, dan mencegah kerusakan sel piramidal hipokampus area CA1, CA2-CA3.

scholarly journals Effect of Educational Workshops on Disaster Risk Perception in Nurses

2020 ◽  
pp. 270-278
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Round Table ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
And Control

INTRODUCTION: The enhancement of nurses’ risk perception plays a significant role in their preparedness during disasters and emergencies. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of educational workshops on disaster risk perception in nurses METHODS: This randomized controlled field trial study included 62 nurses working at Razi Hospital, Birjand, Iran. The participants were divided into intervention and control groups. The intervention group was then requested to participate in a one-day intensive educational workshop based on the current national standards. The workshop content included a combination of lecturing methods, round-table exercises, and film display. The data were collected using the demographic characteristic form and researcher-made questionnaires measuring the nurses’ risk perception during disasters and emergencies. Subsequently, the data were analyzed using independent t-test, repeated measures analysis, and Bonferroni post hoc tests. FINDINGS: The mean total score of risk perception were significantly higher in the intervention group before, immediately, and two months after the workshop session, compared to those in the control group (P˂0.001). CONCLUSION: The implementation of nurses’ national preparation program during disasters and emergencies can result in an increase in the nurses’ risk perception during these events. Therefore, regarding the importance of nurses’ preparedness in confrontation with disasters and emergencies, it seems necessary to integrate the National Preparedness Program into the educational programs immediately after recruitment and in the form of in-service courses.

scholarly journals Effect of 12 weeks of recreational soccer on bone mineral density and sarcopenia in the elderly: a randomized clinical trial

1989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme Henrique de Lima Matias ◽  
◽  
André dos Santos Costa ◽  
Romulo Maia Carlos Fonseca
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Hoc

Objective: To verify the effect of recreational soccer on bone mineral density and sarcopenia in the elderly. Methods: Fourteen elderly people aged 65.9 ± 3.4 years were selected. They were separated into two groups: the intervention group and the control group; the intervention group played recreational soccer for 12 weeks on two days of the week. Assessments were performed for bone mineral density and body muscle mass before and after the intervention. For statistical analysis, the repeated measures ANOVA with Bonferroni’s post hoc test was used. Results: After 12 weeks, there was a significant change in bone mineral density in the region of the total femur (p = 0.020). Analyzing the participants’ sarcopenia, no significant results were found after the intervention period. Conclusion: Playing recreational soccer causes a significant improvement in the total femur and maintains bone regions in the spine, whole body, and femoral neck. Also, it promotes a removal from the threshold for sarcopenia screening in the elderly.

scholarly journals INFLUÊNCIA DO TREINAMENTO CONCORRENTE DE CAPOEIRA E ATLETISMO NO DESEMPENHO MOTOR DE CRIANÇAS PRATICANTES DE FUTSAL

1970 ◽  
Vol 81 (155) ◽  
Author(s):  
Evaldo Maciel Pinto ◽  
Diogo Guimarães ◽  
Athos Henrique Rocha Villaça ◽  
Sebastião Lobo Da Silva ◽  
Bibiano Madrid
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Concurrent Training ◽  
Motor Proficiency ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Post Hoc

This study aimed to determine the influence of concurrent training and athletic capoeira levels of motor performance in children aged 7 to 10 years indoor football. Study participants were children (n = 39) were male. The subjects were divided into two groups, submitted to concurrent training, the AF group (n = 20) underwent the training of soccer and athletics and FC group (n = 19) soccer and capoeira. To study and evaluate the level of motor  performance of the two sample groups, we applied a battery of tests for statistical analysis and checked the normality of the data (Kolmogorov-Smirnov) and applied repeated measures ANOVA with post hoc Bonferroni. We used the statistical packages SPSS (12.0) and Instat (3.0). The results note that in terms of motor proficiency children who practiced FC compared to  children who practiced FA had equal values in the components of motor skills, however, both groups showed a trend in weight gain in their motor skills.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF FORM-FOCUSED PRACTICE AND FEEDBACK ON CHINESE EFL LEARNERS’ ACQUISITION OF REGULAR AND IRREGULAR PAST TENSE FORMS

2010 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingli Yang ◽  
Roy Lyster
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Corrective Feedback ◽  
Past Tense ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chinese Learners ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Group A ◽  
Improving Accuracy ◽  
The University ◽  
Post Hoc

Conducted in English-as-a-foreign-language (EFL) classrooms at the university level in China, this quasi-experimental study compared the effects of three different corrective feedback treatments on 72 Chinese learners’ use of regular and irregular English past tense. Three classes were randomly assigned to a prompt group, a recast group, or a control group and then participated in form-focused production activities that elicited the target forms. In the two feedback groups, teachers consistently provided one type of feedback (i.e., either recasts or prompts) in response to learners’ errors during the activities, whereas in the control group, the teacher provided feedback only on content. Pretests, immediate posttests, and delayed posttests administered 2 weeks after the treatment assessed participants’ acquisition of regular and irregular past tense forms in both oral and written production. Comparisons of group means across testing sessions using a repeated-measures ANOVA consistently revealed large effects for time. Post hoc within-group analyses of the eight immediate- and delayed-posttest measures revealed significant gains by the prompt group on all eight measures, the recast group on four, and the control group on three. The effects of prompts were larger than those of recasts for increasing accuracy in the use of regular past tense forms, whereas prompts and recasts had similar effects on improving accuracy in the use of irregular past tense forms.

THE EFFECT OF THE USE ROLE PLAYING O HAND-WASHING METHOD THROUGH THE REVIEW OF STUDENT KNOWLEDGE

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-71
Author(s):  
Solehudin Solehudin
Keyword(s):  
Role Play ◽  
Role Playing ◽  
T Test ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Student Knowledge ◽  
The Right ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Test Result ◽  
Paired T Test

Handwashing with soap one of the Clean and Healthy Behavior. PHBS is also conducted in schools based on KMK No. 1429 / MENKES / SK / XII / 2006, and became one of the duties of the nurse as an extension worker. The success of counseling with the selection of appropriate methods. The methods used in SMP N 1 Gunung Putri are lecture methods, group discussions, and role play methods. Known data of sick students in 2015/2016, 143 times tifoid become first sequence with incidence 60 times (42%), ISPA 30 times (21%) and skin disease 20 times (14%). By hand washing is expected to reduce disease and can improve student health status. This study analyzes the influence of the use of role play method on hand washing properly viewed from the knowledge of students of class VII SMP N 1 Gunung Putri Bogor in 2016. This type of research is quantitative, quasi experimental design with nonequivalent control group design. By probability sampling technique, that is cluster random sampling. Respondents 50 (25 experiments and 25 controls). Data were obtained through pre and post test with questionnaire and hand washing practice. Statistical analysis used independent t-test, paired t-test, ANNOVA followed by post hoc scheffe. Independent t-test result result is sig.0.610 which means there is no difference between the two classes (equivalent). The result of paired t-test result is sig value in both classes <0.05 which means there is influence of knowledge. The result of post hoc scheffe on the correct knowledge and hand washing produced interaction by looking at significance and mean value ie A2B1 with sig. 0.31 and A2B2 with sig. 0.14 which are both role play classes. Mean A2B2 75.00 which means there is interaction influence so it can be concluded that Ha accepted that there is interaction influence the use of role play method on hand washing is correct in terms of student knowledge. This research is expected to contribute in providing reference in choosing the right method. As well as to wash the right hands become a habit and entrust to the respondents in order to improve the degree of health.

The Effects of Mindfulness-Based Movement on Parameters of Stress

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacalyn J. Robert-McComb ◽  
Andrew Cisneros ◽  
Anna Tacón ◽  
Rutika Panike ◽  
Reid Norman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Stress ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Coping Style ◽  
Stress And Coping ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cortisol Response ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Stress Scale ◽  
And Coping

The Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction program (MBSR) of Kabat-Zinn includes a combination of sitting meditation, yoga, and walking; thus, movement is not emphasized primarily to induce a state of awareness. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a Mindfulness-Based Movement Program (MBM) in women on parameters of stress and coping; that is, in contrast to MBSR, MBM primarily emphasized yoga to cultivate awareness. This study investigated: (a) an objective measure of stress (the cortisol response to a laboratory stressor) following an 8-week MBM in year 1 participants only (n = 17; MBM group = 9; Control group = 8); (b) subjective measures of stress following an 8-week MBM in years 1 and 2 (n = 32; MBM = 16; C = 16); and (c) changes in coping style following an 8- week MBM in years 1 and 2 (n = 32; MBM = 16; C = 16). A mixed plot 2 (Group: TC or MBM) by 5 (Trial: Baseline, Stressor, Recovery 1, Recovery 2, and Recovery 3) repeated measures ANOVA was run for cortisol. Preliminary results indicated a strong trend towards a lowered cortisol response for the MBM group compared to the control group. A mixed plot 2 (Group: TC or MBM) by 2 (Time: Pretest, Post-test) repeated measures ANOVA was run for Spielberg's State Anxiety, the Perceived Stress Scale, and the Problem Focused Style of Coping Scale for the Suppressive, Reflective, and the Reactive Coping Style. There were significant main effects for time, group, and an interaction of time and group for Spielberg's State Anxiety and the Perceived Stress Scale. Significant differences were also found for time and the interaction of time and group for the Problem Focused Style of Coping for the Reflective Coping Style (p &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, results indicate positive effects of the MBM program on perceived measures of stress and coping style in women.

scholarly journals Hippotherapy—An Intervention to Habilitate Balance Deficits in Children With Movement Disorders: A Clinical Trial

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (5) ◽  
pp. 707-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debbie J. Silkwood-Sherer ◽  
Clyde B. Killian ◽  
Toby M. Long ◽  
Kathy S. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Movement Disorders ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Friedman Analysis ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Balance Deficits ◽  
And Function ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Balance Problems

Background Clinical observations have suggested that hippotherapy may be an effective strategy for habilitating balance deficits in children with movement disorders. However, there is limited research to support this notion. Objective The purposes of this study were to assess the effectiveness of hippotherapy for the management of postural instability in children with mild to moderate balance problems and to determine whether there is a correlation between balance and function. Design A repeated-measures design for a cohort of children with documented balance deficits was used. Methods Sixteen children (9 boys and 7 girls) who were 5 to 16 years of age and had documented balance problems participated in this study. Intervention consisted of 45-minute hippotherapy sessions twice per week for 6 weeks. Two baseline assessments and 1 postintervention assessment of balance, as measured with the Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS), and of function, as measured with the Activities Scale for Kids—Performance (ASKp), were performed. Results With the Friedman analysis of variance, the PBS and the ASKp were found to be statistically significant across all measurements (P&lt;.0001 for both measures). Post hoc analysis revealed a statistical difference between baseline and postintervention measures (P≤.017). This degree of difference resulted in large effect sizes for PBS (d=1.59) and ASKp (d=1.51) scores after hippotherapy. A Spearman rho correlation of .700 indicated a statistical association between PBS and ASKp postintervention scores (P=.003). There was no correlation between the change in PBS scores and the change in ASKp scores (rs=.13, P&gt;.05). Limitations Lack of a control group and the short duration between baseline assessments are study limitations. Conclusions The findings suggest that hippotherapy may be a viable strategy for reducing balance deficits and improving the performance of daily life skills in children with mild to moderate balance problems.

scholarly journals Changing maladaptive beliefs among individuals with coronary heart disease using video information

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-228
Author(s):  
Henndy Ginting ◽  
Gérard W. B. Näring ◽  
Eni Sabrine Becker ◽  
Pintoko Tedjokusumo
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Baseline Measure ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Video Information ◽  
Maladaptive Beliefs ◽  
The Impact

Many individuals with coronary heart disease (CHD) have maladaptive beliefs which might increase anxiety and depression. This study investigates the impact of using video information to convey facts and correct misconceptions about CHD in individuals. 150 individuals with CHD were assigned to either the control group or one of two experimental groups. The participants completed the York Cardiac Beliefs Questionnaire in the baseline measure immediately after first viewing the video (time 1), and after viewing the video for six times within two weeks (time 2). The Beck Anxiety Inventory and Beck Depression Inventory II were completed in the baseline and at time 2. Multiple repeated measures anova shows that after the intervention, participants’ maladaptive beliefs, anxiety and depression were reduced in both experimental groups. Yet, it did not happen in the control group. It indicates that the video information corrects maladaptive beliefs, and reduces anxiety and depression levels in individuals with CHD.  

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