scholarly journals Transpiration and stomatal resistance variations of perennial tropical crops under soil water availability conditions and water deficit

2007 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Ozinaldo Alves de Sena ◽  
Humberto Actis Zaidan ◽  
Paulo Roberto de Camargo e Castro
Keyword(s):  
Water Availability ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Rubber Tree ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Stomatal Resistance ◽  
Paullinia Cupana ◽  
Tropical Crops ◽  
Water Transpiration ◽  
Coffea Arabica L ◽  
Dry And Rainy Seasons

During the dry and rainy seasons, determinations of stomatal resistance and transpiration of five tropical crops were carried out: guarana (Paullinia cupana Kunth), coffee (Coffea arabica L.), cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.), guava (Psidium guajava L.) and rubber (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. - Arg.) trees. Experimental design was done at randomized complete blocks with five replications. During the dry season there was a decrease in values of stomatal resistance in the following order: guarana > coffee> cashew> guava > rubber, with values from 2.5 to 30.0 s.cm-1. During the rainy season the stomatal resistance values varied from 1.5 to 3.0 s.cm-1. The guarana and coffee crops showed higher resistance to water transpiration when compared to other crops. During the rainy season, the rubber tree continued to present lower stomatal resistance and, consequently, higher transpiration.

STUDI BIONOMIK VEKTOR MALARIA DI KECAMATAN KALIBAWANG, KULONPROGO

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sardjito Eko Windarso dkk
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Malaria Vector ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Mosquito Vector ◽  
Anopheles Species ◽  
Commercial Farming ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Dry And Rainy Seasons

The increasing of malaria cases in recent years at Kecamatan Kalibawang has been suspected correspond with the conversion of farming land-use which initiated in 1993. Four years after the natural vegetation in this area were changed become cocoa and coffee commercial farming estates, the number of malaria cases in 1997 rose more than six times, and in 2000 it reached 6085. This study were aimed to observe whether there were any differences in density and diversity of Anopheles as malaria vector between the cocoa and mix farming during dry and rainy seasons. The results of the study are useful for considering the appropriate methods, times and places for mosquito vector controlling. The study activities comprised of collecting Anopheles as well as identifying the species to determine the density and diversity of the malaria vector. Both activities were held four weeks in dry season and four weeks in rainy season. The mea-surement of physical factors such as temperature, humidity and rainfall were also conducted to support the study results. Four dusuns which meet the criteria and had the highest malaria cases were selected as study location. Descriptively, the results shows that the number of collected Anopheles in cocoa farming were higher compared with those in mix horticultural farming; and the number of Anopheles species identifi ed in cocoa farming were also more varied than those in the mix horticultural farming.Key words: bionomik vektor malaria, anopheles,

scholarly journals Study of climate change effect on water balance in upper Citarum Watershed, the Krueng Cunda Watershed, and the Woske Watershed, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 930 (1) ◽  
pp. 012074
Author(s):  
A Chalid ◽  
A Mulyadi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Water Reservoirs ◽  
Change Effect ◽  
Climate Change Effect

Abstract The community feels the changes in water availability due to climate change will directly impact water availability, especially water availability in rivers, reservoirs and other water reservoirs. The purpose of this analysis is to determine changes in the rainy season shift, changes in mainstay discharge, and the effect of climate change on water balance. The results show a shift in the rainy season and a significant decrease in rainfall during the last ten years. In the Upper Citarum watershed (UCW), there is a change in the maximum and minimum mainstay discharge in the three watersheds. Climate change significantly affects the water balance in a watershed. Meanwhile, in the Krueng Cunda watershed (KCW) and the Woske watersheds (WW), there was a decrease in the value of the water balance, which was the same as the UCW. However, still able to meet the water needs of the population. There was a decrease in the value of the water balance, which was the same as the UCW, but still able to meet the population’s water needs.

Some aspects of the ecology of bagrid catfishes in a southern Nigerian river

1991 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Idodo-Umeh ◽  
Reginald Victor
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Major Peak ◽  
Fish Yield ◽  
Southern Nigeria ◽  
Minor Peak ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Principal Species ◽  
Dry And Rainy Seasons

ABSTRACTSome aspects of the ecology of bagrid catfishes in River Ase, southern Nigeria were studied for a period of two years. Nine species of Bagridae were recorded and these accounted for 15.0% of the number and 24.4% of the weight of all fish captured. Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus and Chrysichthys auratus longifilis were the principal species. C. nigrodigitatus was a rainy season species, while C. auratus longifilis was abundant in both dry and rainy seasons. Both species showed a major peak in catches between 0600 and 0900 h. C. nigrodigitatus exhibited a minor peak in catches between 1500 and 2100h, while C. auratus longifilis showed a minor peak between 1500 and 1800h. The spatial distribution of C. nigrodigitatus and C. auratus longifilis populations was heterogeneous. Bagrid fishes were an important component in the fish yield of the study river and its species composition has been compared with those of other Nigerian waters. The distribution and abundance of C. nigrodigitatus and C. auratus longifilis are discussed in detail.

scholarly journals Dwarf and Tall Elephantgrass Genotypes under Irrigation as Forage Sources for Ruminants: Herbage Accumulation and Nutritive Value

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2392
Author(s):  
Rayanne Thalita de Almeida Souza ◽  
Mércia Virginia Ferreira dos Santos ◽  
Márcio Vieira da Cunha ◽  
Geane Dias Gonçalves ◽  
Valdson José da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Fiber Deposition ◽  
Leaf Accumulation ◽  
Dry And Rainy Seasons

This two-year study evaluated the effect of Pennisetum purpureum genotypes under rainfed or irrigated conditions, during the dry and rainy seasons, on herbage, leaf, and stem dry matter (DM) accumulation rates, nutritive value, and carbohydrate and protein fractionation. Treatments were tall (Iri 381 and Elefante B) or dwarf (Mott and Taiwan A-146 2.37) genotypes under rainfed or irrigated conditions. Taiwan A-146 2.37 (146 kg DM ha per day) showed similar herbage accumulation rate (HAR) to tall genotypes during the rainy season (124 and 150 kg DM/ha per day, respectively). Dwarf genotypes showed differences in leaf accumulation rate (LAR) (66 and 49 kg DM/ha per day). Mott leaf had less neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (589 g/kg DM) than Taiwan A-146 2.37 (598 g/kg DM), and tall genotypes had generally greater NDF (668 g/kg DM) than the dwarf genotypes. Irrigation increased fiber deposition in the leaf. Stems of all genotypes had lower in vitro digestible dry matter (IVDDM) (378 g/kg DM) under rainfed conditions in the rainy season. Leaf from irrigated plots had 23% more carbohydrate C fraction (160 g/kg CHO) than those from rainfed plots (122 g/kg CHO). Dwarf genotypes had generally greater nutritive value than tall genotypes. These genotypes show promise under irrigation to fill forage gaps during dry periods.

scholarly journals First study on infestation of Excorallana berbicensis (Isopoda: Corallanidae) on six fishes in a reservoir in Brazilian Amazon during dry and rainy seasons

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 936-943
Author(s):  
Huann Carllo Gentil-Vasconcelos ◽  
Marcos Tavares-Dias
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Parasite Prevalence ◽  
The Body ◽  
Parasite Abundance ◽  
Northern Brazil ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Two Peaks ◽  
Rainfall Level ◽  
Dry And Rainy Seasons ◽  
Amazon Ecosystem

We analyzed the infestation levels of Excorallana berbicensis on Acestrorhynchus falcirostris, Ageneiosus ucayalensis, Geophagus proximus, Hemiodus unimaculatus, Psectrogaster falcata and Serrasalmus gibbus in a reservoir in the Araguari River basin, northern Brazil, during the dry and rainy seasons. For P. falcata, the infestation levels due to E. berbicensis were greater during the rainy season. For all the species studied, the peak parasite prevalence was in the month of highest rainfall levels and there were two peaks of parasite abundance: one in the month with highest rainfall level and the other in the month of transition from the rainy season to the dry season. In these hosts, around 70% of the E. berbicensis specimens were collected during the rainy season. The body conditions of the hosts also did not suffer any seasonal influence. Despite the differences in seasonal rainfall levels, there was no fluctuation in transparency, turbidity, pH, electric conductivity, temperature and dissolved oxygen levels in the water, due to the stability of these parameters during the seasonal cycle investigated in this artificial Amazon ecosystem. This was the first report on the seasonality of infestation by E. berbicensis associated with fish.

scholarly journals Evaluasi Kesesuaian Lahan pada Tanaman Kopi Arabika (Coffea arabica L.) Organik Menggunakan Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG) di Kecamatan Pegasing Kabupaten Aceh Tengah

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-338
Author(s):  
Ghalib Auliansyah ◽  
Fachruddin Fachruddin ◽  
Yuswar Yunus
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Geographic Information Systems ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Land Suitability ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Arabica Coffee ◽  
The People ◽  
Coffee Plants ◽  
Coffea Arabica L

Abstrak.  Komoditas kopi identik dengan kehidupan masyarakat Aceh Tengah, karena sebagian besar penduduk di wilayah dataran tinggi ini menggantungkan hidupnya dari komoditas kopi. Evaluasi kesesuaian lahan pada tanaman kopi Arabika organik sangat penting untuk mengoptimalkan produktivitas tanaman tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kelas kesesuaian lahan aktual di Kecamatan Pegasing dengan analisis lahan seluas 7.800,69 ha adalah sangat sesuai (S1) seluas 2.851,28 ha (36,55%), cukup sesuai (S2) 3.616,56 ha (46,36%) dan tidak sesuai (N) seluas 1.332,85 ha (18,72%) dengan faktor pembatas terberat ketersediaan air (wa) pada semua SPL, resistensi hara (nr) pada SPL 1, 3 dan 4 serta kemiringan lereng pada semua SPL.Evaluation of Land Suitability on Organic Arabica  Coffee Plants (Coffea arabica L.) Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in Pegasing District Middle of Aceh RegencyAbstract. Coffee commodities are identical to the life of the people of Middle Aceh, because most of the population in this highland region depends on the commodity of coffee. Evaluation of land suitability in organic Arabica coffee plants is very important to optimize the productivity of these crops. The results showed the actual land suitability class in Pegasing District with an analysis of an area of 7,800.69 ha was very suitable (S1) covering an area of 2.851,28 ha (36,55%), quite suitable (S2) 3.616,56 ha (46,36%) and incompatible (N) covering an area of 1,332.85 ha (18.72%) with the heaviest limiting factor of water availability (wa) in all SPL, nutrient resistance (nr) in SPL 1, 3 and 4 and slope slope in all SPL.

scholarly journals Occurrence of ectoparasites on dogs in rural regions of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Livio Martins Costa-Junior ◽  
Karina Rembeck ◽  
Filipe Lucas de Melo Mendonça ◽  
Sandro Coelho Azevedo ◽  
Lygia Maria Friche Passos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Tick Infestation ◽  
Lower Prevalence ◽  
Amblyomma Cajennense ◽  
Rural Regions ◽  
Flea Infestation ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Dry And Rainy Seasons

The present study examined occurrences of ectoparasites and identified them on dogs in rural regions in Brazil, and assessed the influence of climate on these parasites. Ectoparasites were randomly collected from 194 dogs living on farms located in Lavras (n = 92) and Nanuque (n = 102) during the dry season. During the subsequent rainy season, the same dogs in Lavras (n = 71) and Nanuque (n = 66) were resampled. During the experiment, fleas, ticks, lice and fly larvae were collected. The flea species Ctenocephalides felis was the most common ectoparasite collected from these dogs. The main tick species that infested the dogs in rural areas of Nanuque and Lavras was Amblyomma cajennense. In Lavras, the dogs had high levels of flea infestation (80.4 and 88.7% in the dry and rainy seasons, respectively) and low levels of tick infestation (19.6 and 28.2% in the dry and rainy seasons, respectively), without any significant differences in infestation rates between the seasons. In Nanuque, moderate levels of flea infestation (68.6 and 43.9% in the dry and rainy seasons, respectively) and A. cajennense (65.7 and 47.0% in the dry and rainy seasons, respectively) were observed, with significantly lower prevalence in the rainy season (p < 0.05). The presence of ectoparasites was evident at both times of the year, but the different temperatures may have influenced the occurrences of parasites in Lavras and Nanuque.

Estructura del pasto forrajero con cultivares de Urochloa brizantha bajo sombra

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 828-844
Author(s):  
Estella Rosseto Janusckiewicz ◽  
Luísa Melville Paiva ◽  
Henrique Jorge Fernandes ◽  
Alex Coene Fleitas ◽  
Patricia Dos Santos Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Block Design ◽  
T Test ◽  
Foliar Fertilization ◽  
Foliar Fertilizer ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Dead Material ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha ◽  
Leaf Fertilizer ◽  
Dry And Rainy Seasons

This study evaluated the structure of swards planted with Urochloa brizantha cv. BRS Paiaguas and BRS Piata under the eucalyptus shading system, fertilized via foliar at the beginning of the dry and rainy seasons. The experiment followed a randomized block design with a 4×2×2 (4 leaf fertilizer levels × 2 systems × 2 seasons) factorial arrangement. The results were analyzed using the GLIMMIX PROC of SAS University while means were compared by the T-test at 5%. Foliar fertilizer had a significant (P≤0.05) effect on cv. BRS Paiaguas stem mass under shading while the 3 and 6 L/ha levels produced the lowest (P≤0.05) masses. The forage and root masses were not significantly affected (P≥0.05) by the systems and seasons whereas the dead material mass was not influenced by the seasons. The shading system resulted in (P≤0.05) significantly lower dead material mass for both cultivars and higher (P≤0.05) leaf and stem masses for the cv. BRS Piata. In the rainy season, leaf and stem masses were greater (P≤0.05). Foliar fertilization up to 6 L/ha favored the stem control in cv. BRS Paiaguas under shading. The resulting masses of forage, dead material, and root allow concluding that the cultivars adapted well to the shading and dry season.

scholarly journals Sexual behavior of 'morada nova' breeding sheep under semi-intensive rearing during the mating season in the brazilian semiarid

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 3657
Author(s):  
Luana de Fátima Damasceno dos Santos ◽  
Edgard Cavalcanti Pimenta Filho ◽  
Edilson Paes Saraiva ◽  
Dermeval Araújo Furtado ◽  
Walter Esfrain Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Brazilian Semiarid ◽  
Intensive Rearing ◽  
Execution Frequency ◽  
Dry And Rainy Seasons ◽  
Intensive System

This study aimed to evaluate the sexual behavior of 'Morada Nova' breeding sheep reared in the Brazilian semi-arid during dry and rainy seasons in a semi-intensive system. The behavioral data were gathered from 4 rams and 114 ewes, among which 55 during the rainy season and the other 59 females in the dry season. The behavioral observations were conducted from 6 am to 5 pm, during both periods. The observations were carried out continuously and split into 'event' (execution frequency) and 'state' (execution time). During the rainy season, the breeding sheep showed the most efficient sexual behavior, with a shorter reaction time (RT) and less frequent mount attempts (MA), being of 122 sec and 2.97, respectively. However, throughout the dry period, some sexual behaviors such as sniffing the urogenital of females (SUF), penis exposure (EXP), head tossing (HT), and courting of females (FC) became more frequent, mainly in the afternoon, as with the flehmen response (FR). Male courting behavior was more evident in the rainy season during the end of the day, remaining less active during the dry period. Sexual behavior intensity in 'Morada Nova' sheep varies throughout the day, especially in the dry season.

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