scholarly journals Larviculture of two neotropical species with different distributions in the water column in light- and dark-colored tanks

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 439-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Mattos Pedreira ◽  
Edson Vieira Sampaio ◽  
José Cláudio Epaminondas dos Santos ◽  
Aldrin Vieira Pires
Keyword(s):  
Water Column ◽  
Condition Factor ◽  
Fish Larvae ◽  
Green Light ◽  
Light Blue ◽  
Neotropical Species ◽  
Lower Weight ◽  
Tank Color ◽  
Active Swimming ◽  
Effect Of Light

The influence of tank color on the visual perception of fish larvae and the success of their cultivation depends on the characteristics of each species combined with environmental factors. In this study, we determined the effect of light and dark tank colors on the larviculture of pacamã (Lophiosilurusalexandri), a species with a benthonic habit, and curimatá-pioa (Prochilodus costatus), which swims actively in the water column. Larvae of pacamã and curimatá-pioa were cultivated for 10 days in 5-L tanks, at a density of 15 larvae L-1 and luminosity of 141.7 ± 8.95 lux, and fed Artemia nauplii. Four tank colors were used: green, light blue, brown, and black (with four replications). Survival, biomass and Fulton's condition factor for pacamã larvae were similar in the different colored tanks. However, the larvae in the green tanks showed lower weight than those cultivated in black and brown tanks, as well as shorter total length than that of larvae in the brown-colored tanks. These results are probably due to the association between tank color and benthonic habitat of the pacamã. For the curimatá-pioa, survival and biomass were similar for the different colors. The weight and Fulton's condition factor were higher for the larvae cultivated in green and blue tanks. This result could be associated with the adaptation of curimatá-pioa larvae to active swimming in the water column, searching for prey.

A novel green emitting NaGdF4:Dy3+,Ho3+ phosphor with tunable photoluminescence

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (37) ◽  
pp. 16211-16217
Author(s):  
Hongxia Guan ◽  
Yunfei Li ◽  
Guixia Liu
Keyword(s):  
Green Light ◽  
Light Blue ◽  
Green Area ◽  
Co Doped

Dy3+,Ho3+ co-doped β-NaGdF4 nanomaterials emitted different shades of green light, which varies from the light blue area towards the blue-green area and ultimately to the green area with the increase of Ho3+ ions.

Chromatic adaptation in lichen phyco- and photobionts

Biologia ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bazyli Czeczuga ◽  
Ewa Czeczuga-Semeniuk ◽  
Adrianna Semeniuk
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Light Quality ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Green Light ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Chromatic Adaptation ◽  
Xanthoria Parietina ◽  
Flavoparmelia Caperata ◽  
Peltigera Canina ◽  
Effect Of Light

AbstractThe effect of light quality on the photosynthetic pigments as chromatic adaptation in 8 species of lichens were examined. The chlorophylls, carotenoids in 5 species with green algae as phycobionts (Cladonia mitis, Hypogymnia physodes, H. tubulosa var. tubulosa and subtilis, Flavoparmelia caperata, Xanthoria parietina) and the chlorophyll a, carotenoids and phycobiliprotein pigments in 3 species with cyanobacteria as photobionts (Peltigera canina, P. polydactyla, P. rufescens) were determined. The total content of photosynthetic pigments was calculated according to the formule and particular pigments were determined by means CC, TLC, HPLC and IEC chromatography. The total content of the photosynthetic pigments (chlorophylls, carotenoids) in the thalli was highest in red light (genus Peltigera), yellow light (Xanthoria parietina), green light (Cladonia mitis) and at blue light (Flavoparmelia caperata and both species of Hypogymnia). The biggest content of the biliprotein pigments at red and blue lights was observed. The concentration of C-phycocyanin increased at red light, whereas C-phycoerythrin at green light.In Trebouxia phycobiont of Hypogymnia and Nostoc photobiont of Peltigera species the presence of the phytochromes was observed.

A Large-Volume Pump System for Studies of the Vertical Distribution of Fish Larvae Under Open Sea Conditions

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 845-854 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. Harris ◽  
L. Fortier ◽  
R. K. Young
Keyword(s):  
Water Column ◽  
Large Volume ◽  
Larval Fish ◽  
Fish Larvae ◽  
Physical Structure ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Fine Scale ◽  
Pump System ◽  
Open Sea ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

A large-volume pump system (2.8 m3 min-1) for sampling fish larvae under open-sea conditions is described. Comparative efficiency trials by day and night showed that the pump was generally as efficient, or in some cases more efficient, in capturing larvae than vertically hauled 200 μm WP2 nets, though there was some evidence of visual avoidance by particular larval size classes during daylight. The pump system is particularly appropriate for investigating fine-scale vertical aggregations (1–10 m3) of larval fish in relation to the distribution of their food organisms.INTRODUCTIONStudies of the distribution of larval fish and their food organisms in relation to physical structure in the water column require sampling techniques capable of resolving fine-scale temporal and spatial distributions. As an alternative to conventional nets, large-volume pumps, sampling at rates in excess of 1 m3 min-1; provide such a capability. Major benefits of using large pumps in addition to temporal and spatial resolution are that a wide range of sizes of plankton including larval fish can be sampled simultaneously in relation to physical and chemical properties of the water column; there is reliable control of the volume of sample filtered and problems of clogging of towed nets are avoided; long series of sequential samples can be taken in studies of small-scale distribution; and instrumentation with in situ CTD and fluorometers at the intake enables real-time control of sampling in relation to physical structure.General engineering considerations for using such pumps have been reviewed in detail by Miller & Judkins (1981), and a particular area of application has been in power-plant entrainment studies in shallow fresh water (Portner & Rhode, 1977; Bowles & Merriner, 1978; Gale & Mohr, 1978; Ney & Schumacher, 1978; Elder et al. 1979; Leithiser, Ehrlich & Thum, 1979; Cada & Loar, 1982).

scholarly journals Effect of water temperature and prey concentrations on initial development of Lophiosilurus alexandri Steindachner, 1876 (Siluriformes: Pseudopimelodidae), a freshwater fish

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 853-859 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Takata ◽  
Walisson de Souza e Silva ◽  
Deliane Cristina Costa ◽  
Reinaldo Melillo Filho ◽  
Ronald Kennedy Luz
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Condition Factor ◽  
Fish Larvae ◽  
Neotropical Fish ◽  
Prey Concentration ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Nitrogen Incorporation ◽  
Artemia Nauplii

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of water temperature and prey concentrations (Artemia nauplii) on the initial development of Lophiosilurus alexandri larvae. The experiment was conducted using a 4 x 2 factorial design, with four water temperatures (23, 26, 29 and 32 °C), two different initial prey concentrations (P700 and P1,300) and three replicates. Feeding was increased during the fifteen-day experiment. At the end of the experiment, the survival and condition factor were affected only by prey concentrations, with elevated numbers of Artemia nauplii leading to higher averages of these variables. The total length (TL) and specific growth rate were separately influenced by temperature and prey concentration, without interaction between them, and weight showed an interaction with these factors. In general, an increase of temperature (23 to 32 °C) improved the growth and nitrogen gain in L alexandri larvae. For TL, the optimal temperatures estimated were 31.4 and 31.0 °C for P700 and P1,300, respectively. Similar mean body weight larvae and nitrogen gain were observed at 23 °C for both levels of prey concentrations. For other temperatures, the P1,300 level provided greater weight gain for L. alexandri. Therefore, it is suggested that temperatures between 29-32 °C combined with a higher level of prey concentration maximise the development and nitrogen gain in L. alexandri larvae. Moreover, this is the first result about nitrogen incorporation in neotropical fish larvae.

scholarly journals The Effect of Light Treatment and Media Combination on Luminescence Endurance of Bioluminescent Bacteria Isolated from Squid [Loligo duvacelli ( D'Orbigny, 1835)]

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ika Diana Werdani ◽  
Hesti Nur Choirunnisa ◽  
Nur Hidayatus Sholikah ◽  
Sitoresmi Prabaningtyas
Keyword(s):  
Green Light ◽  
Medium Composition ◽  
Light Organ ◽  
Light Shift ◽  
Green Beans ◽  
Dark Light ◽  
Bioluminescent Bacteria ◽  
Light Duration ◽  
Total Light ◽  
Effect Of Light

<p class="Els-Abstract-text">Some bacteria emits light in the dark. The aim of this research is to find lighting duration and medium composition which produce the most enduring luminescence. The results showed that one of the bacteria isolated from light organ of <em>Loligo duvacelli </em>(D'Orbigny, 1835)<em> </em>squid are able to emit light. The isolation use trisalt solution and cultured into nutrient agar with addition of NaCl emits the longest blue-green light duration under a 1:1 dark-light shift incubation 8.3 d. Meanwhile under a total light, total dark, and in the oven incubator it illuminate for 4.2 d, 3.6 d and 2.6 d, respectively. The combination of beef extract + peptone + a commercial agar + NaCl generate the longest duration of luminescence when incubate in the oven incubator (3,2 d). Meanwhile it illuminated for 2.6 d and 1.7 d on NA + NaCl and NC + NaCl media, respectively, but it failed to illuminate on PCA, NA, and green beans extract + commercial agar + NaCl media. Based on this research we conclude that a commercial agar is potential to replace a technical bacterial agar function.</p><p class="Els-Abstract-text"> </p><div><p class="Els-keywords"><strong>Keywords:</strong> bioluminescence; commercial agar; light treatments;  <em>Loligo duvaceli</em>  (D'Orbigny, 1835); medium treatment.</p></div>

Fine-scale larval fish distributions and predator-prey dynamics in a coastal river-dominated ecosystem

2020 ◽  
Vol 650 ◽  
pp. 37-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
KE Axler ◽  
S Sponaugle ◽  
C Briseño-Avena ◽  
F Hernandez ◽  
SJ Warner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Column ◽  
Fish Larvae ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Wind Forcing ◽  
Strong Wind ◽  
Fine Scale ◽  
High Discharge ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Larval Fishes ◽  
Multiple Pulses

River plumes discharging into continental shelf waters have the potential to influence the distributions, predator-prey relationships, and thus survival of nearshore marine fish larvae, but few studies have been able to characterize the plume environment at sufficiently fine scales to resolve the underlying mechanisms. We used a high-resolution plankton imaging system and a sparse convolutional neural network to automate image classification of larval fishes, their planktonic prey (calanoid copepods), and gelatinous planktonic predators (ctenophores, hydromedusae, and siphonophores) over broad spatial scales (km) and multiple pulses of estuarine water exiting Mobile Bay (Alabama, USA) into the northern Gulf of Mexico from 9-11 April 2016. Fine-scale (1 m) plankton distributions were examined to analyze predator-prey relationships across 3 distinct plume regimes that varied by degree of wind-forcing and mixing rates. In calm wind conditions, the water column was highly stratified, and fish larvae and zooplankton were observed aggregating in a region of river plume-derived hydrodynamic convergence. As winds strengthened, the water column was subjected to downwelling and highly turbulent conditions, and there was decreasing spatial overlap between larval fishes and their zooplankton prey and predators. Our results indicate that high-discharge plume regimes characterized by strong wind-forcing and turbulence can rapidly shift the physical and trophic environments from favorable to unfavorable for fish larvae. Multiple pathways for both nearshore retention and advective dispersal of fish larvae were also identified. Documenting this variability is a first step toward understanding how high discharge events and physical forcing can affect fisheries production in river-dominated coastal ecosystems worldwide.

Diel vertical distribution of fish larvae during the winter-mixing period in the Northwestern Mediterranean

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (8) ◽  
pp. 1243-1252 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sabatés
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Distribution ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Fish Larvae ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Diel Variation ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Light Levels ◽  
Vertical Distributions ◽  
The Vertical Distribution

Abstract The vertical distributions of the larvae of shelf and oceanic fish species that spawn during the winter-mixing period in the Mediterranean are described from 22 vertically stratified plankton tows. Diel differences in the vertical distribution patterns in relation to physical data and potential prey abundance throughout the water column were examined. Even in absence of stratification, the larvae of the various fish species showed different patterns of vertical distribution and diel changes. The larvae of shelf-dwelling species were found in the surface layers, mainly above 50-m depth, and with some exceptions, with very little diel variation in depth distribution. Therefore, the vertical distribution of the larvae of these species coincided with the maximum concentrations of their potential food, nauplii and copepodite stages of copepods. The larvae of mesopelagic fishes showed deeper distributions in the water column and most of these species were located closer to the surface during the day than at night. Given the homogeneity of the physical characteristics throughout the water column, except for light, this behaviour may be determined not only by the higher concentration of prey in the surface layers but also by adequate light levels for feeding.

Abundance and diurnal vertical distribution of fish larvae in early spring and summer in a fjord at South Georgia

1992 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. North ◽  
A. W. A. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Distribution ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Fish Larvae ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Distinct Pattern ◽  
South Georgia ◽  
Gobionotothen Gibberifrons ◽  
Lepidonotothen Larseni ◽  
Distribution Of Fish

The diurnal vertical distribution and abundance of fish larvae was studied by net samples in the 265 m deep fjord of Cumberland East Bay, South Georgia. In early spring the six most abundant species of fish larvae in the upper 200 m of the water column were Champsocephalus gunnari, Lepidonotothen nudifrons, Pseudochaenichthys georgianus, Chaenocephalus aceratus, Parachaenichthys' georgianus and Electrona antarctica. In summer, the larvae of C. gunnari, Gobionotothen gibberifrons, Lepidonotothen larseni and Trematomus hansoni were most abundant, and the majority were found in the upper 140 m of the water column, with greatest densities in the top 2m. During both seasons most species showed some evidence of diurnal vertical migration. A distinct pattern was found for C. gunnari in summer; they were at 0–20 m during the day and 60–100 m at midnight. Net avoidance by the larvae of most species was greater before sunset in early spring, and during all periods of daylight in summer, than at other times of day.

scholarly journals Water column gradients beneath the summer ice of a High Arctic freshwater lake as indicators of sensitivity to climate change

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paschale N. Bégin ◽  
Yukiko Tanabe ◽  
Milla Rautio ◽  
Maxime Wauthy ◽  
Isabelle Laurion ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Microbial Mats ◽  
Green Light ◽  
Ice Cover ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Freshwater Lake ◽  
Temperature Conductivity ◽  
Oxygen Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Future Loss

AbstractIce cover persists throughout summer over many lakes at extreme polar latitudes but is likely to become increasingly rare with ongoing climate change. Here we addressed the question of how summer ice-cover affects the underlying water column of Ward Hunt Lake, a freshwater lake in the Canadian High Arctic, with attention to its vertical gradients in limnological properties that would be disrupted by ice loss. Profiling in the deepest part of the lake under thick mid-summer ice revealed a high degree of vertical structure, with gradients in temperature, conductivity and dissolved gases. Dissolved oxygen, nitrous oxide, carbon dioxide and methane rose with depth to concentrations well above air-equilibrium, with oxygen values at > 150% saturation in a mid-water column layer of potential convective mixing. Fatty acid signatures of the seston also varied with depth. Benthic microbial mats were the dominant phototrophs, growing under a dim green light regime controlled by the ice cover, water itself and weakly colored dissolved organic matter that was mostly autochthonous in origin. In this and other polar lakes, future loss of mid-summer ice will completely change many water column properties and benthic light conditions, resulting in a markedly different ecosystem regime.

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