scholarly journals Mycelial growth and microscopic characteristics of Thermomyces lanuginosus Tsiklinskaya in YpSs medium with different carbon sources

Hoehnea ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-243
Author(s):  
Giancarlo Soncini Júnior ◽  
Sandra Mara Martins Franchetti ◽  
Rosely Ana Piccolo Grandi ◽  
José Carlos Marconato
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Thermomyces Lanuginosus ◽  
Lipase Hydrolysis ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Petri Dishes

Most thermophilic moulds are known to be lipase producers and the potential for esterification by reversal of lipase hydrolysis has long been recognized. We evaluated the mycelial aspects of T. lanuginosus growing in Petri dishes in YpSs (yeast extract + starch + agar) medium control and four other media based on YpSs containing different carbon source. These raw materials evaluated as carbon sources suppliers for microorganism were pentaerythritol, oleic acid and pentaerythritol dioleate are commonly used in several classic industrial esters synthesis. Thermomyces lanuginosus growed in all studied media and kept its reproduction capacity, showing that this fungus is a promising alternative for future studies of live microorganism's biocatalysts.

scholarly journals Advanced Kinetic Modeling of Bio-co-polymer Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) Production Using Fructose and Propionate as Carbon Sources

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1260
Author(s):  
Stefanie Duvigneau ◽  
Robert Dürr ◽  
Jessica Behrens ◽  
Achim Kienle
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Model ◽  
Kinetic Modeling ◽  
Feed Rate ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Current Yield ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Parameter Variations ◽  
Online Measurements

Biopolymers are a promising alternative to petroleum-based plastic raw materials. They are bio-based, non-toxic and degradable under environmental conditions. In addition to the homopolymer poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), there are a number of co-polymers that have a broad range of applications and are easier to process in comparison to PHB. The most prominent representative from this group of bio-copolymers is poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV). In this article, we show a new kinetic model that describes the PHBV production from fructose and propionic acid in Cupriavidus necator (C. necator). The developed model is used to analyze the effects of process parameter variations such as the CO2 amount in the exhaust gas and the feed rate. The presented model is a valuable tool to improve the microbial PHBV production process. Due to the coupling of CO2 online measurements in the exhaust gas to the biomass production, the model has the potential to predict the composition and the current yield of PHBV in the ongoing process.

scholarly journals Morphological and cultural studies of Septoria vignicola

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-89
Author(s):  
R. D. Rawal ◽  
H. S. Sohi
Keyword(s):  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Optimum Growth ◽  
Carbon Supply ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Agar Media

Pycnidial formation starts six days after inoculation. These arę globose, dark and range between 59.28-109.20 μm in diameier. The pycnidial wall is composed of 2- 3 layers of brown cells. The pycnidiospores ooze 8 days after inoculation. They are filiform, straight to curved, hyaline, septate with 2-4 septa, ends pointed or round and 21.84-68.64 x 1.25-2.15 μm. Mycelial growth was most profuse on Czapek Dox's agar medium, whereas maximum sporulation took place on Coon's, Sabauraud's and Potato dextrose agar media. The fungus could grow over a wide range of temperature from 12- 36°C (optimum: 24 ± l°C) and showed no growth at 40°C or above. Pycnidial formation occurred at 16- 28°C with a maximum at 24 ± l°C. Out of seven carbon sources tested, sorbose was the best for growth and sporulation of <i>Septoria vignicola</i> whereas maltose was a poor source for sporulation. The fungus responded very well to the supply of carbon in culture media as no growth of the fungus could be observed when the carbon supply was with held. Aspartic acid supported optimum growth among all the organic sources tried, whereas among inorganic sources potassium nitrate was the best, last growth observed on ammonium nitrate.

ASSESSMENT OF NITROGEN FIXATION POTENTIAL IN AHIPA (Pachyrhizus ahipa) AND ITS EFFECT ON ROOT AND SEED YIELD

2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. N. RODRÍGUEZ-NAVARRO ◽  
M. CAMACHO ◽  
F. TEMPRANO ◽  
C. SANTAMARÍA ◽  
E. O. LEIDI
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
South American ◽  
Field Inoculation ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Alternative Crop ◽  
Attractive Option

SUMMARYAhipa is a legume of great interest for the production of raw materials (starch, sugar, oil and proteins) for industrial use. Its yield potential and ability to fix atmospheric N2 in association with rhizobia makes it an attractive option for low input agriculture systems. At present, it is cultivated on a very small scale as a food crop in a few South American countries. Little information is available on symbiotic N2 fixation in ahipa and no work has been performed on strain selection for inoculant production. Soils in southwest Europe are devoid of specific rhizobia able to nodulate on ahipa. Selecting rhizobia for symbiotic effectiveness from a collection led to the isolation of strains which provided greater shoot growth and N content under controlled conditions. In the field, inoculation at sowing with the selected strains increased significantly seed and tuberous root yield and seed protein content. The amount of N2 fixed, estimated by 15N natural abundance, reached 160–260 kg N ha−1. In previous work, ahipa appeared to be a promising alternative crop for the production of industrial raw materials. The results of the present study showed a yield increase in tuberous roots and seeds when applying effective rhizobia inoculants. Furthermore, a positive soil N balance was left after its cultivation making ahipa even more interesting for sustainable farming systems.

scholarly journals Improvement of the Culture Medium for the Dichlorvos-Ammonia (DV-AM) Method to Selectively Detect Aflatoxigenic Fungi in Soil

Toxins ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimiko Yabe ◽  
Haruna Ozaki ◽  
Takuya Maruyama ◽  
Keisuke Hayashi ◽  
Yuki Matto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Selective Medium ◽  
Selective Detection ◽  
Aflatoxigenic Fungi ◽  
Aspergillus Nomius ◽  
Rhizopus Sp ◽  
Triton X

The dichlorvos-ammonia (DV-AM) method is a simple but sensitive visual method for detecting aflatoxigenic fungi. Here we sought to develop a selective medium that is appropriate for the growth of aflatoxigenic fungi among soil mycoflora. We examined the effects of different concentrations of carbon sources (sucrose and glucose) and detergents (deoxycholate (DOC), Triton X-100, and Tween 80) on microorganisms in soils, using agar medium supplemented with chloramphenicol. The results demonstrated that 5–10% sucrose concentrations and 0.1–0.15% DOC concentrations were appropriate for the selective detection of aflatoxigenic fungi in soil. We also identified the optimal constituents of the medium on which the normal rapid growth of Rhizopus sp. was completely inhibited. By using the new medium along with the DV-AM method, we succeeded in the isolation of aflatoxigenic fungi from non-agricultural fields in Fukui city, Japan. The fungi were identified as Aspergillus nomius based on their calmodulin gene sequences. These results indicate that the new medium will be useful in practice for the detection of aflatoxigenic fungi in soil samples including those from non-agricultural environments.

scholarly journals Growth and sporulation of Metarhizium flavoviride var. Flavoviride on culture media and lighting regimes

2001 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 613-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sideney Becker Onofre ◽  
Cindia Mara Miniuk ◽  
Neiva Monteiro de Barros ◽  
João Lúcio Azevedo
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Continuous Illumination ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Dark Cycle ◽  
Metarhizium Flavoviride ◽  
Conidia Production

Entomopathogenic fungi from the genus Metarhizium are largely used for the biological control of agricultural pests by conidia spreading on the field. Although conidia production is well studied in M. anisopliae, only few research studies were done in M. flavoviride. The present work was carried out alming to evaluate the Mycelial growth and sporulation of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium flavoviride var. flavoviride growing at 27 ± 2°C on Potato-dextrose-agar (PDA), Czapek-agar (CZP) and a complete agar medium (CM) under three lighting regimes, (continuous illumination, light/dark cycle and an black light/dark cycle) were investigated. A completely randomized 3 × 3 (culture media × lighting regime) factorial design with four replicates was used. The best mycelial growth and sporulation occurred on the PDA and CM media under continuous illumination (P <= 0,05).

scholarly journals First Report of Botrytis cinerea Causing Gray Mold Disease on Peach from Pakistan

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-131
Author(s):  
Raees Ahmed ◽  
Amjad S. Gondal ◽  
Muhammad Tariq Khan ◽  
Shazia Shahzaman ◽  
Sajjad Hyder
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Gray Mold ◽  
First Report ◽  
Average Production ◽  
Conducive Environment ◽  
Hyphal Tip ◽  
Important Disease

Gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea is an important disease that attacks fruits, leaves and twigs of peach. Peach is grown on an area of 18,008 ha with an average production of 72,085 tons per year in Pakistan (FAO, 2017). During May 2017, brown spots on 33% of the peach fruits examined were observed in Swat district of KPK province of Pakistan. Infected fruits were incubated at 25±2 °C in a humid chamber resulted in greyish mycelial growth with light brown lesions. Hyphal growths on infected fruits were cultured on PDA media and purified by hyphal tip method. Morphologically whitish grey growth was observed on PDA and later on dark sclerotia were observed after 6-7 days of incubation. Hyphae were found septate with branched hyaline conidiophores having a bunch of ovoid conidia at their tips. Further confirmations were done by amplifying internal transcribed spacer regions (Andrew et al., 2009) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PDH) region of the isolates (Li et al., 2012). Amplicons sequenced from Macrogen Korea were blasted and submitted in NCBI showed that ITS sequences (Accessions MH049690 and MH049691) were 99% identical with already reported (MG878388 and MG654661) sequences and the G3PDH gene sequences (Accessions MH560352 and MH560353) were 99 % identical with already reported (Accessions MG204876) sequences of B. cinerea. Pathogenicity was confirmed on healthy peach fruits disinfected with 50% ethanol, inoculated by placing a plug of about 1cm2 taken from the edge of actively growing B. cinerea isolate (BTS-16). Fruits were incubated at 25±2 °C in a humid chamber (Abata et al., 2016). A set of healthy fruits mock-inoculated with a plug of agar medium were used as control. Three days after inoculation, inoculated fruits showed sunken lesions with cottony greyish mycelial growth on their surface. Fungus isolated from these infections was re-confirmed as B. cinerea. Conducive environment for the disease progression in nearby areas can result into a huge loss in peach produce so there is a need to devise management strategies to cope with the pathogen. This is the first report of gray mold disease of peach caused by B. cinerea from Pakistan. 

scholarly journals Evaluation of vapor-phase antifungal activities of selected plant essential oils against fungal strains growing on bread food model

10.5219/1483 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 210-217
Author(s):  
Veronika Valková ◽  
Hana Ďúranová ◽  
Lucia Galovičová ◽  
Eva Ivanišová ◽  
Miroslava Kačániová
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Vapor Phase ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Colony Growth ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Antifungal Activities ◽  
In Situ Conditions ◽  
Dpph Method

The current study aimed to investigate antifungal activities of two commercially available essential oils (EOs), specifically Tea tree oil (Melaleuca alternifolia; TTEO) and St. John's wort oil (Hypericum perforatum; HPEO) against three Penicillium (P.) species: P. citrinum, P. expansum, and P. crustosum in in situ conditions. For this purpose, EOs were applied in the vapor phase to determine the growth inhibition of fungi artificially inoculated on sliced bread. Changes in colony growth rate were evaluated as markers for the mycelial growth inhibition (MGI) effect of the EOs. The antioxidant activities of the EOs were evaluated using the DPPH method. The moisture content (MC) and water activity (aw) of bread as a substrate for fungal growth were also measured. From the DPPH assay, we have found that both EOs (TTEO, HPEO) exhibited strong antioxidant activity (64.94 ±7.34%; 70.36 ±1.57%, respectively). The values for bread MC and aw were 43.01 ±0.341% and 0.947 ±0.006, respectively. Our results suggest that HPEO is the only weak inhibitor of P. citrinum and P. crustosum colony growths. Also, the highest concentrations of TTEO display only the weak capability of mycelial growth inhibition of P. citrinum and P. crustosum. By contrast, the colony growth of P. expansum was enhanced by both EOs at all levels used. In conclusion, the application of both EOs in the vapor phase against selected Penicillium species seems not to be a promising alternative to chemical inhibitors used for bread preservation.

scholarly journals Phenolation of vegetable oils

2011 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 591-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihail Ionescu ◽  
Zoran Petrovic
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Double Bond ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Double Bonds ◽  
Triflic Acid ◽  
Model Compounds ◽  
Phenol Alkylation

Novel bio-based compounds containing phenols suitable for the synthesis of polyurethanes were prepared. The direct alkylation of phenols with different vegetable oils in the presence of superacids (HBF4, triflic acid) as catalysts was studied. The reaction kinetics was followed by monitoring the decrease of the double bond content (iodine value) with time. In order to understand the mechanism of the reaction, phenol was alkylated with model compounds. The model compounds containing one internal double bond were 9-octadecene and methyl oleate and those with three double bonds were triolein and high oleic safflower oil (82% oleic acid). It was shown that the best structures for phenol alkylation are fatty acids with only one double bond (oleic acid). Fatty acids with two double bonds (linoleic acid) and three double bonds (linolenic acid) lead to polymerized oils by a Diels Alder reaction, and to a lesser extent to phenol alkylated products. The reaction product of direct alkylation of phenol with vegetable oils is a complex mixture of phenol alkylated with polymerized oil (30-60%), phenyl esters formed by transesterification of phenol with triglyceride ester bonds (<10 %) and unreacted oil (30%). The phenolated vegetable oils are new aromatic-aliphatic bio-based raw materials suitable for the preparation of polyols (by propoxylation, ethoxylation, Mannich reactions) for the preparation of polyurethanes, as intermediates for phenolic resins or as bio-based antioxidants.

Analysis of morphological features and preliminary assessment of arbutin content in food varieties of pears

2021 ◽  
pp. 64-71
Author(s):  
Nadezhda V. Nesterova ◽  
Albina Dosaeva
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Diagnostic Study ◽  
Preliminary Assessment ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Modern Methods ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Color Reactions ◽  
Layer Chromatography

In this article, the authors conducted a macro-diagnostic study of pear fruits of three varieties. A qualitative analysis of raw materials was carried out using color reactions, thin-layer chromatography in pear fruits most widely cultivated in the territory of the Russian Federation. Arbutin was identified in the raw material, which allows us to consider this type of raw material as a promising alternative to lingonberry and bearberry leaves used in official medicine and actualizes further research aimed at developing modern methods of standardization with subsequent inclusion in the developed regulatory documentation.

Influence of Carbon Concentration as Coating on Electrical Conductivity of LiFeSi0.03P0.97O4/C

2021 ◽  
Vol 1028 ◽  
pp. 185-190
Author(s):  
Hafizhah Ellora Della ◽  
Mochamad Zainuri ◽  
Pelangi Az Zahra ◽  
Puri Olyvia Swastika ◽  
Triwikantoro
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Carbon Concentration ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Si Doping ◽  
Diffraction Peaks ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Carbon Concentrations

This research study about the influence of carbon concenttration as coating on electrical conductivity of LiFeSi0.03P0.97O4/C. Synthesis of LiFeSi0.03P0.97O4/C was carried out different carbon concentrations of 7, 9, and 11 wt%. The raw materials used are Fe2O3, Li2CO3, (NH4)2HPO4, SiO2 as ion Si doping, and glucose as carbon sources. The XRD analysis results showed that all the diffraction peaks in samples were the olivine LiFePO4 phase. From the EIS result, Samples with the addition carbon concentration of 9 wt% produce the highest electrical conductivity values of 4.18 x 10-7 S/cm.

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