scholarly journals Salicylic acid: physiological and biochemical changes in seeds and maize seedlings subjected to salt stress

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 457-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Reolon Tonel ◽  
Patrícia Marini ◽  
Juliana de Magalhães Bandeira ◽  
Dario Munt de Moraes ◽  
Luciano do Amarante
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Maize Seedlings ◽  
Maize Seeds ◽  
Nacl Concentration ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical ◽  
Defense Function

Several plant species have development limitations on saline soils; however under water stress situations salicylic acid (SA) may have defense function by acting as antioxidant. Thereby, this study was aimed at analyzing physiological changes occurring in maize seeds treated with SA and germinated on sodium chloride moistened substrate; as well as assessing the effect of antioxidant enzymes produced by the seedlings. To this, seeds were soaked into zero and 1 mM SA solutions, for 60 min., and germinated on different NaCl concentrations (0, 30, 90, and 180 mM), and afterwards evaluated for germination, germination speed index, initial growth, and effect of antioxidant enzymes on seedlings. For electrical conductivity test, the seeds were previously soaked in NaCl solutions with and without SA. The SA application has minimized damages induced by salt stress to maize seed germination by favoring their germination percent; however without SA was not able on maintaining seed viability over 90 mM. Seedling initial growth was impaired by increasing NaCl concentrations in substrate; and electric conductivity has shown low values for release of solutes in the presence of SA. Activity of antioxidant enzymes has increased until 30 mM NaCl concentration; however above such concentration activity of these enzymes was reduced. The SA maintains germination of corn seeds above 90 mM NaCl; however, generally it is not efficient to ensure vigor of seedlings.

scholarly journals Salicylic Acid Alleviated Salt Damage of Populus euphratica: A Physiological and Transcriptomic Analysis

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shupei Rao ◽  
Chao Du ◽  
Aijia Li ◽  
Xinli Xia ◽  
Weilun Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Populus Euphratica ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Salt Stress Response

Populus euphratica Oliv. is a model tree for studying abiotic stress, especially salt stress response. Salt stress is one of the most extensive abiotic stresses, which has an adverse effect on plant growth and development. Salicylic acid (SA) is an important signaling molecule that plays an important role in modulating the plant responses to abiotic stresses. To answer whether the endogenous SA can be induced by salt stress, and whether SA effectively alleviates the negative effects of salt on poplar growth is the main purpose of the study. To elucidate the effects of SA and salt stress on the growth of P. euphratica, we examined the morphological and physiological changes of P. euphratica under 300 mM NaCl after treatment with different concentrations of SA. A pretreatment of P. euphratica with 0.4 mM SA for 3 days effectively improved the growth status of plants under subsequent salt stress. These results indicate that appropriate concentrations of exogenous SA can effectively counteract the negative effect of salt stress on growth and development. Subsequently, transcripts involved in salt stress response via SA signaling were captured by RNA sequencing. The results indicated that numerous specific genes encoding mitogen-activated protein kinase, calcium-dependent protein kinase, and antioxidant enzymes were upregulated. Potassium transporters and Na+/H+ antiporters, which maintain K+/Na+ balance, were also upregulated after SA pretreatment. The transcriptome changes show that the ion transport and antioxidant enzymes were the early enhanced systems in response of P. euphratica to salt via SA, expanding our knowledge about SA function in salt stress defense in P. euphratica. This provides a solid foundation for future study of functional genes controlling effective components in metabolic pathways of trees.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ENDOGENOUS SALICYLIC ACID AND ANTIOXIDANT ENZYME ACTIVITIES IN MAIZE SEEDLINGS UNDER CHILLING STRESS

2013 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
YANG WANG ◽  
TINGTING WEN ◽  
JIN HU ◽  
RUI HAN ◽  
YANFANG ZHU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Chilling Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Maize Seedlings ◽  
Stress Changes ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
The Relationship

SUMMARYSalicylic acid (SA) can induce multiple stress tolerance in plants. This study investigated the relationship between SA and antioxidant enzyme activities in maize seedlings under chilling stress. Changes of endogenous SA, antioxidant enzyme activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations were assessed in two different chilling-tolerant maize inbred lines (Huang C and Mo17) under chilling stress. The results showed that both endogenous free and bound salicylic acid contents increased in roots and leaves of both lines. MDA concentrations also increased significantly in roots and leaves of both lines after chilling stress. In addition, in Huang C, chilling stress increased the activities of four antioxidant enzymes, ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR) and peroxidase, while in Mo17, only CAT and APX increased. Furthermore, a regression analysis was conducted between SA and MDA concentrations or antioxidant enzyme activities under chilling stress. The results indicated that MDA concentrations were positively correlated with total SA contents in roots (r = 0.9776, p = 0.0224) and bound SA in leaves (r = 0.9974, p = 0.0458), respectively. Total SA contents had positive correlations with APX activities both in roots (r = 0.9993, p = 0.002) and leaves (r = 0.9630, p = 0.037) and GR in leaves (r = 0.9298, p = 0.0221). Together, these results suggested that chilling stress improved the biosynthesis of endogenous SA, and lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activities could be indicated by endogenous SA contents of maize seedlings under chilling stress. Furthermore, increased activities of antioxidant enzymes, especially in roots, may contribute to the chilling tolerance of maize seedlings.

scholarly journals Physical and physiological quality of corn seeds

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. e7269108687
Author(s):  
Ítala Thaísa Padilha Dubal ◽  
Ivan Ricardo Carvalho ◽  
João Roberto Pimentel ◽  
Cristian Troyjack ◽  
Vinícius Jardel Szareski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Maize Seedlings ◽  
Maize Seeds ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Maize Plants

The aimed to evaluate the physical and physiological quality, as well the field initial performance of different maize seeds size, produced in two growing environments.  It were used seeds of the Amarelo maize (Zea mays L.) genotype, where it were produced in two growing environments at Rio Grande do Sul, in the crops season of 2016/2017. The environment that the seeds are produced and the seeds form affect the maize plants initial growth. Flat seeds are tend to have a better performance on field in relation to the initial growth. The seedlings originated from Entre Ijuís-RS present superiority to shoot length, stem diameter, roots dry matter and shoot dry matter, while Pelotas-RS determines the sieves yield. The round and small seeds present lower sieves yield, shoot length, root length and stem diameter of maize seedlings.

scholarly journals Effects of vitamin pre-sowing treatment on sweet maize seedlings irrigated with saline water

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
Eduardo Pradi Vendruscolo ◽  
Alexsander Seleguini
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Maize Seeds ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Combined Solution

Salinity stress represents an obstacle for the production of plants of commercial interest, including sweet maize.  Among the techniques used to suppress the effects caused by excess salts in the soil is the exogenous application of vitamins.  Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the pre-sowing treatment of sweet maize seeds in solutions of thiamine, niacin and these two vitamins combined on the development of the plants irrigated with saline water.  The treatments were composed by the 24 h pre-sowing treatment with water, thiamine solution (thiamine 100 mg L-1), niacin solution (niacin 100 mg L-1) and a combined solution with these two vitamins (thiamine 50 mg L-1 + niacin 50 mg L-1) irrigated with saline water.  A control (pre-sowing treatment with water and irrigation with non-saline water) was also used.  It was observed that salinity stress affects the sweet maize initial development. Application of isolate thiamine or niacin and its combined application improves the relative contents of chlorophyll ‘a’ and total, height of shoot, leaf number, diameter of stem and shoot, root and total dry matter, reducing dry matter losses by 8.89%, 25.46% and 39.60%, respectively.  Soaking seeds for 24 h in thiamine and niacin solutions improve the initial growth of sweet maize plants under salt stress and a combined vitamin solution (thiamine 50 mg L-1 + niacin 50 mg L-1) effectively reduces the salt stress negative effect on the initial development of these plants. 

scholarly journals Effect of Sweet Marjoram (Origanum majorana L.) Cogermination and Aqueous Extracts on Maize (Zea mays L.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
Dorina Bonea ◽  
Viorica Urechean
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Maize Seedlings ◽  
Maize Seeds ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Origanum Majorana

Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine the allelopathic effect of sweet marjoram (O. majorana) on the germination and early stages of maize seedlings. Two experiments were performed under laboratory conditions (in Petri dishes). In the first experience, Origanum majorana seeds were cogerminated with maize (Zea mays) seeds in the same Petri dish. For the second experience were used aqueous extracts from fresh and dry aboveground biomass of the sweet marjoram (stem, leaves) in concentrations of 1%, 2% and 3%. Cogermination of O. majorana with maize seeds has significantly stimulated the germination index (Gi) and growth of maize seedlings. Aqueous extracts of sweet marjoram in a concentration of 1% and 2% have significantly stimulated shoot length of maize. On the other hand, aqueous extracts at a concentration of 3% significantly inhibited root length of maize. These results suggest that the cogermination with sweet marjoram seeds may be an alternative to biostimulation of maize initial growth, and aqueous extracts in low concentrations could be used as growth bioregulators.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF K AND Ca APPLICATION ON SOME PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS AND MITIGATION OF SALT STRESS OF SOME WHEAT GENOTYPES GROWN IN HYDROPONIC

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Al-Yesari & Al–Mosawy
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
The Third ◽  
Proline Concentration ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

This experiment was conducted to study the role of potassium and calcium mixture to mitigate  salt stress of some genotypes of wheat to improve growth and yield of wheat the enzymatic situation and root architecture, this experiment included three factors the first factor was three levels of potassium and calcium K50+Ca100, K100+Ca200 and K200+Ca400 µM.L-1, and the second factor was three levels of salinity 0NaCl and 20 NaCl and 40µM.L-1NaCl, and the third factor was four varieties of wheat namely: with three replications.The result can be summarized as follow: Abu Ghraib3 variety was superior in diameter of root and the activity of some antioxidant enzymes SOD in shoot. Ibaa 99 variety was superior in root weight and root length and the activity of some antioxidant enzymesPOD,CAT, proline concentration, Jandola variety was superior root weight and root length and the activity of some antioxidant enzymes SOD, SinAl-Fil was superior in the activity of some antioxidant enzymes POD, CAT and proline concentration. K50+Ca100 treatment was superior in the activity antioxidant enzymes POD, CAT, SOD, proline concentration. While K100+Ca200 treatment was superior in root length, K200+Ca400 treatment was superior in root diameter and root weight. 40NaCl treatment was superior in the activity of antioxidant enzymes POD,CAT,SOD, proline concentration. 0NaCl treatment was superior in root diameter and root weight. and found that the addition of calcium and potassium to the nutrient solution worked to reduce stress resulting from the salt added sodium chloride were inferred through the results obtained.

scholarly journals Involvement of Ethylene in Reversal of Salt Stress by Salicylic acid in Presence of Sulfur in Mustard (Brassica juncea L.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faisal Rasheed ◽  
Zebus Sehar ◽  
Mehar Fatma ◽  
Noushina Iqbal ◽  
Asim Masood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Ethylene Sensitivity ◽  
Enzymes Activity ◽  
Ethylene Action

Abstract The involvement of ethylene in reversal of salt stress inhibited photosynthetic activity and growth by salicylic acid (SA) together with sulfur (S) was studied in mustard (Brassica juncea L.) plants. Application of SA (0.5 mM) plus SO42- (2.0 mM) improved photosynthetic activity through markedly increased S-assimilation, antioxidant enzymes activity and optimized ethylene and glutathione (GSH) production for reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plants under 50 mM NaCl stress. As SA acts as an inhibitor of ethylene, and S-assimilation is associated with ethylene synthesis, we tried to figure out the interaction of ethylene in SA and SO42- mediated salt tolerance. The involvement of ethylene was studied by supplementing salt treated plants with 200 µL L-1 ethephon (an ethylene-releasing compound) or 100 µM norbornadiene (NBD, ethylene action inhibitor) to SA and SO42- treatments. The ethephon application to salt treated plants suppressed stress ethylene and optimized ethylene formation and increased ethylene sensitivity to enhance photosynthesis of plants by affecting antioxidative capacity of plants. Application of NBD to plants receiving SA plus SO42- in presence of salt showed inhibited photosynthetic characteristics, stomatal behavior and growth. These plants exhibited minimal capacity of S-assimilation and antioxidant enzymes activity and GSH content. This explained that ethylene was involved in the reversal of salt stress by SA plus SO42-. Thus, the study showed that ethylene intervenes the effect of SA in the presence of SO42- to upregulate the antioxidants that lead to increased S-assimilation, and imparted tolerance to salt in mustard plants.

Physiological and Biochemical Changes of Cherry Rootstocks under Salt Stresses in Greenhouse Environment

2014 ◽  
Vol 1051 ◽  
pp. 368-372
Author(s):  
Fa Hui Liang ◽  
Jing Hui Yang ◽  
Yan Jun Liu ◽  
Yan Yu Shi ◽  
Chun Xia Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
North China ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Black Cherry ◽  
Chlorophyll B ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Nacl Concentration ◽  
Mda Content ◽  
Cherry Rootstocks ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

In order to provide a theoretical basis for the development of the sweet cherry under the greenhouse environment in Tianjin area, the black cherry and the Sichuan cherry planted in greenhouses in north China were used to study the physiological and biochemical index under the different salt stress treatments (0, 0.2%, 0.4% and 0.6% ).The result showed that MDA content of Cerasus szechuanica was higher under salt stress; SOD activity of Cerasus szechuanica was almost the same to Cerasus maximowiczii (except under 0.6%Nacl); POD activity of Cerasus maximowiczii was higher under 0.4-0.6%Nacl concentration but lower under 0-0.2%; PRO content of Cerasus maximowiczii was higher under each salt stress but chlorophyll b content of Cerasus maximowiczii was lower under each salt stress.

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