Psychophysiological Functions of Elite Athletes in Different Age Groups

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Lesia G. Korobeynikova ◽  
Mykola Yu. Makarchuk ◽  
Georgiy V. Korobeynikov ◽  
Viktor S. Mischenko ◽  
Olena V. Zapovitriana
Keyword(s):  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Psychophysiological Functions

scholarly journals Age and Sport Intensity-Dependent Changes in Cytokines and Telomere Length in Elite Athletes

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1035
Author(s):  
Maha Sellami ◽  
Shamma Al-muraikhy ◽  
Hend Al-Jaber ◽  
Hadaia Al-Amri ◽  
Layla Al-Mansoori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Telomere Length ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Background: Exercise-associated immune response plays a crucial role in the aging process. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of sport intensity on cytokine levels, oxidative stress markers and telomere length in aging elite athletes. Methods: In this study, 80 blood samples from consenting elite athletes were collected for anti-doping analysis at an anti-doping laboratory in Italy (FMSI). Participants were divided into three groups according to their sport intensity: low-intensity skills and power sports (LI, n = 18); moderate-intensity mixed soccer players (MI, n = 31); and high-intensity endurance sports (HI, n = 31). Participants were also divided into two age groups: less than 25 (n = 45) and above 25 years old (n = 35). Serum levels of 10 pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines and two antioxidant enzymes were compared in age and sport intensity groups and telomere lengths were measured in their respective blood samples. Results: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) was the only cytokine showing significantly higher concentration in older athletes, regardless of sport intensity. Interleukin (IL)-10 increased significantly in HI regardless of age group, whereas IL-6 concentration was higher in the older HI athletes. IL-8 showed a significant interaction with sport intensity in different age groups. Overall, significant positive correlations among levels of IL-6, IL-10, IL-8 and TNF-α were identified. The antioxidant catalase activity was positively correlated with levels of TNF-α. Telomere length increased significantly with sport intensity, especially in the younger group. Conclusion: HI had longer telomeres and higher levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, suggesting less aging in HI compared to low and moderate counterparts in association with heightened immune response. Investigation of the functional significance of these associations on the health and performance of elite athletes is warranted.

scholarly journals The state of psychophysiological functions in handball players with different experience of sports training

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-45
Author(s):  
S. Fedorchuk ◽  
Ye. Petrushevskyi
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The State ◽  
Functional Mobility ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Moving Object ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sports Training ◽  
Psychophysiological Functions ◽  
The Individual

The aim of the study was to compare the state of psychophysiological functions of highly qualified handball players with different experience of sports training (special training). To determine the state of psychophysiological functions of athletes diagnostic complex "Diagnostics-1" was used (MV Makarenko, VS Lyzogub). In accordance with the purpose of the work, we studied the properties of the nervous system (functional mobility and strength of nervous processes), the efficiency of sensorimotor activity and the dynamics of nervous processes in feedback, the latency of complex response reactions of choice, the accuracy of response to a moving object. Higher psychophysiological status in terms of the strength of nervous processes (both in the feedback mode and during long-term sensorimotor loads in the mode of imposed rhythm) was demonstrated by athletes of the older age group with more experience of sports training. Athletes of older and younger age groups did not differ in the level of functional mobility of nervous processes and accuracy of reaction to a moving object. Therefore, we can assume that athletes with less experience of sports training in the state of these psychophysiological functions have reached the level of athletes of the older age group, ie the level of maximum realization of individual capabilities. The identified differences in the individual-typological properties of the higher parts of the central nervous system in female handball players with different sports experience can have prognostic value and be used to optimize sports improvement in this sport.

Epidemiology of injuries in juniors participating in top-level karate competition: a prospective cohort study

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (11) ◽  
pp. 730-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dušana Čierna ◽  
Merce Barrientos ◽  
Carlos Agrasar ◽  
Rafael Arriaza
Keyword(s):  
Rate Ratio ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Contact Sport ◽  
Time Loss ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Junior Athletes

BackgroundKarate is a popular combat semi-contact sport among juniors, but there are only few studies available on the epidemiology of injuries in karate junior athletes.AimThe aims of this study were to determine the incidence and pattern of injuries in top-level karate competition for athletes aged 16 to 20 years, and to compare injury rates between age groups (ie, under 18-year-old [U18] and under 21-year-old [U21]) and genders, following the introduction of new weight categories.MethodsA prospective injury surveillance was undertaken at four consecutive World Karate Championships (2009 to 2015), following the same protocols used in previous investigations.ResultsDuring the four championships, a total of 257 injuries were recorded, with an incidence of 41.4/1,000 athlete exposures (AEs, 95% CI 36.4 to 46.3). The injury rate was significantly lower for females with a rate ratio 0.63 (95% CI 0.48 to 0.82). Most of the injuries were minor ones: contusions (n=100), followed by abrasions (n=63) and epistaxis (n=62). Only 10% of the injuries were time-loss injuries (injury incidence rates 4.2/1,000 AEs; 95% CI 2.7 to 6.1). Face injuries represented 69.6% of the injuries, most of them were minor ones (light abrasions 24.5%, epistaxis 24.1%, contusion 16.7%). Change of rules (raising the number of weight categories from three to five) reduced injury incidence in the U21 category.ConclusionsThe total injury rate in junior competitions is lower compared with elite adult athletes and higher compared with younger elite athletes. Time-loss injuries are rare. The implementation of the new competition categories in U21 karate has been associated with a significant reduction in injury rate.

scholarly journals Sport-specific influences on respiratory patterns in elite athletes

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 516-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tijana Durmic ◽  
Biljana Lazovic ◽  
Marina Djelic ◽  
Jelena Suzic Lazic ◽  
Dejan Zikic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reference Values ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Physiological Adaptation ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Intensity Of Exercise ◽  
Maximal Voluntary Ventilation

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To examine differences in lung function among sports that are of a similar nature and to determine which anthropometric/demographic characteristics correlate with lung volumes and flows. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study involving elite male athletes (N = 150; mean age, 21 4 years) engaging in one of four different sports, classified according to the type and intensity of exercise involved. All athletes underwent full anthropometric assessment and pulmonary function testing (spirometry). RESULTS: Across all age groups and sport types, the elite athletes showed spirometric values that were significantly higher than the reference values. We found that the values for FVC, FEV1, vital capacity, and maximal voluntary ventilation were higher in water polo players than in players of the other sports evaluated (p < 0.001). In addition, PEF was significantly higher in basketball players than in handball players (p < 0.001). Most anthropometric/demographic parameters correlated significantly with the spirometric parameters evaluated. We found that BMI correlated positively with all of the spirometric parameters evaluated (p < 0.001), the strongest of those correlations being between BMI and maximal voluntary ventilation (r = 0.46; p < 0.001). Conversely, the percentage of body fat correlated negatively with all of the spirometric parameters evaluated, correlating most significantly with FEV1 (r = −0.386; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the type of sport played has a significant impact on the physiological adaptation of the respiratory system. That knowledge is particularly important when athletes present with respiratory symptoms such as dyspnea, cough, and wheezing. Because sports medicine physicians use predicted (reference) values for spirometric parameters, the risk that the severity of restrictive disease or airway obstruction will be underestimated might be greater for athletes.

scholarly journals High Endurance Elite Athletes Show Age-dependent Lower Levels of Circulating Complements Compared to Low/Moderate Endurance Elite Athletes

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shamma Al-Muraikhy ◽  
Manjunath Ramanjaneya ◽  
Alexander S. Dömling ◽  
Ilham Bettahi ◽  
Francesco Donati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Factor H ◽  
Cellular Aging ◽  
Oxidative Stress Markers ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Endurance Sports ◽  
Stress Markers

Introduction: Aerobic exercise activates the complement system in the peripheral blood. However, the effect of age and high intensity endurance training on the levels of circulating complements and sassociated inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress markers and cellular aging remains unknown.Methods: In this study, serum samples from 79 elite athletes who belong to high (n = 48) and low/moderate (n = 31) endurance sports and two age groups (below 30 years old, n = 53, and above 30 years old, n = 26) were profiled for 14 complements. Linear models were used to assess differences in complements levels between sport and age groups. Spearmann’s correlation was used to assess the relationship among detected complements and proinflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress markers and telomere lengths.Results: High endurance elite athletes exhibited significantly lower levels of circulating C2, C3b/iC3b and adipsin complements than their age-matched low/moderate endurance counterparts. Levels of C2, adipsin and C3b/iC3b were positively correlated with most detected complements, the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha and IL-22 and the anti-oxidant enzyme catalase. However, they were negatively correlated with telomere length only in younger elite athletes regardless of their sport groups. Furthermore, high endurance elite athletes showed significantly lower concentrations of C3b/iC3b, C4b, C5, C5a, C1q, C3, C4, factor H and properdin in younger athletes compared to their older counterparts.Conclusion: Our novel data suggest that high endurance elite athletes exhibit age-independent lower levels of circulating C2, C3b/iC3b and adipsin, associated with lower inflammatory, oxidative stress and cellular aging, as well as lower levels of 10 other complements in younger athletes compared to older counterparts. Assessing the effect of various levels of endurance sports on complements-based immune response provides a better understanding of exercise physiology and pathophysiology of elite athletes.

scholarly journals STATES OF PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS OF ELITE ATHLETES IN DIFFERENT AGING GROUPS

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 81-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.G. Korobeynikova ◽  
◽  
M.Yu. Makarchuk ◽  
G.V. Korobeynikov ◽  
V.S. Mischenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Psychophysiological Functions

scholarly journals Examination of the Anxiety of Catching the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) in Elite Athletes and Sedentaries

2020 ◽  
pp. 360-372
Author(s):  
Gönül TEKKURŞUN DEMİR ◽  
Celal BULĞAY ◽  
Ozan Veli ÇAKIR ◽  
Işık BAYRAKTAR ◽  
Ebru ÇETİN
Keyword(s):  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The Individual

The present study aims to examine the anxiety to catch COVID-19 from the viewpoint of elite athletes and sedentaries based on different variables. The Individual Anxiety sub-dimension of the Athlete’s Anxiety to Catch the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Scale was applied. According to the study results, athletes had lower levels of anxiety to catch COVID-19 compared to sedentaries. It was concluded that female participants had higher levels of anxiety compared to male participants. It was also determined that female elite athletes also had higher levels of anxiety compared to male elite athletes. When the anxiety to catch COVID-19 was examined by age group, it was observed that elite athletes under the age of 19 had significantly lower levels of individual anxiety compared to other age groups. Additionally, it was found that male elite athletes had lower levels of anxiety compared to male sedentaries.

An Ultrastructural Study of the Proliferation Patterns of the Reserve Cells of the Human Cervix Uteri

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 80-81
Author(s):  
Takanori Sohda ◽  
Hiroshi Saito ◽  
Goro Asano ◽  
Katsunari Fukushi ◽  
Katsuya Suzuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ultrastructural Study ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Cervix Uteri ◽  
Morphological Aspect ◽  
Functional Aspect ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Human Cervix ◽  
Morphological Patterns

Recently, the functional aspect as well as morphological aspect of the reserve cells in the cervix uteri drew much attention in view of the carcinogenesis in squamocolumunar junction. In this communication, the authors elucidate the ultrastructural features of the reserve cells in patients of various age groups visiting our university hospital and affiliated hospital.From conventional light microscopic point of view, the reserve cells tend to be pronounced in various pathological conditions, such as the persisting inflammation, proliferative disorders and irritation of hormones. The morphological patterns of the reserve cells from various stage and degree of irritation were observed.

Effects of aging on axon terminals in the dentate molecular layer

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 928-929
Author(s):  
K. Cullen-Dockstader ◽  
E. Fifkova
Keyword(s):  
Granule Cells ◽  
Molecular Layer ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Long Term Potentiation ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Perforant Path ◽  
Axon Terminals ◽  
Fischer 344 ◽  
Spatial Memory Deficit ◽  
Effects Of Aging

Normal aging results in a pronounced spatial memory deficit associated with a rapid decay of long-term potentiation at the synapses between the perforant path and spines in the medial and distal thirds of the dentate molecular layer (DML), suggesting the alteration of synaptic transmission in the dentate fascia. While the number of dentate granule cells remains unchanged, and there are no obvious pathological changes in these cells associated with increasing age, the density of their axospinous contacts has been shown to decrease. There are indications that the presynaptic element is affected by senescence before the postsynaptic element, yet little attention has been given to the fine structure of the remaining axon terminals. Therefore, we studied the axon terminals of the perforant path in the DML across three age groups.5 Male rats (Fischer 344) of each age group (3, 24 and 30 months), were perfused through the aorta.

RTS,S/AS01, a vaccine targeting pre-erythrocytic stages of Plasmodium falciparum

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 533-537
Author(s):  
Lorenz von Seidlein ◽  
Borimas Hanboonkunupakarn ◽  
Podjanee Jittmala ◽  
Sasithon Pukrittayakamee
Keyword(s):  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
European Medicines Agency ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Pivotal Phase ◽  
Malaria Epidemiology ◽  
Maximum Benefit ◽  
Sub Saharan

RTS,S/AS01 is the most advanced vaccine to prevent malaria. It is safe and moderately effective. A large pivotal phase III trial in over 15 000 young children in sub-Saharan Africa completed in 2014 showed that the vaccine could protect around one-third of children (aged 5–17 months) and one-fourth of infants (aged 6–12 weeks) from uncomplicated falciparum malaria. The European Medicines Agency approved licensing and programmatic roll-out of the RTSS vaccine in malaria endemic countries in sub-Saharan Africa. WHO is planning further studies in a large Malaria Vaccine Implementation Programme, in more than 400 000 young African children. With the changing malaria epidemiology in Africa resulting in older children at risk, alternative modes of employment are under evaluation, for example the use of RTS,S/AS01 in older children as part of seasonal malaria prophylaxis. Another strategy is combining mass drug administrations with mass vaccine campaigns for all age groups in regional malaria elimination campaigns. A phase II trial is ongoing to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of the RTSS in combination with antimalarial drugs in Thailand. Such novel approaches aim to extract the maximum benefit from the well-documented, short-lasting protective efficacy of RTS,S/AS01.

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