Investigations on Promotion of Rice Seedlings to Rooting by Means of Pruning the Aerial Parts. I-Effect of Pruning Stems and Leaves upon Rooting of Rice Seedlings

The objective of this study was to assess physiological quality of seeds and the initial growth of lowland rice seedlings, cv. PUITA INTA-CL, treated with a product based on Zinc, Boron and Molybdenum. The following dosages of product were used: 0 (control), 50, 100, 150 and 200 mL.100 kg-1 seed. A completely randomized experimental design was used, with 10 treatments and four replications. Physiological quality of seeds was assessed by following tests: germination; first count of germination; and length and dry phytomass of seedlings. The initial growth was assessed at 7, 14, 21, 35, and 42 days after emergence (DAE) through plant height, leaf area and dry phytomass of aerial parts and roots. It was concluded that the treatment of rice seeds with the product containing Zinc, Boron and Molybdenum up to the dosage tested of 200 mL.100 kg-1 seed does not influence germination, first count of germination, and the dry phytomass of aerial parts and roots; however, negatively influences seedling length. In addition, it also promotes greater plant height, higher leaf area, higher production of dry phytomass of seedlings, and increase on the growth rate, until 42 DAE.

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Essential Oil Composition of Eryngium Campestre L. Growing in Different Soil Types. A Preliminary Study

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x0800300716 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 3 (7) ◽

pp. 1934578X0800300 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Jesús Palá-Paúl ◽

Jaime Usano-Alemany ◽

A. Cristina Soria ◽

M. José Pérez-Alonso ◽

Joseph J. Brophy

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Acid Soil ◽

Essential Oil Composition ◽

Alkaline Soil ◽

Oil Composition ◽

Aerial Parts ◽

Germacrene D ◽

Stems And Leaves ◽

High Concentrations ◽

Exhaustive Study

The essential oil composition of the aerial parts of four populations of Eryngium campestre has been analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Samples growing in different types of soil were gathered at the same phenological state. A total of 84 compounds have been identified from the different samples under analysis. Qualitative and quantitative differences were found between inflorescences (I) and stems and leaves (SL) of the different populations. The main constituents of the inflorescences were identified as germacrene D (30.3-40.3%), β-curcumene (0.7-22.2%), myrcene (3.0-21.7%) and ( E)-β-farnesene (0.1-19.0%). The type of soil seemed to exert an influence on the chemical composition of the oils of this species. Whereas high concentrations of myrcene were found in the populations growing in acid soil, its concentration was significantly lower in the alkaline populations. β-Curcumene concentration was higher in the populations growing in alkaline soil and was practically absent from the acid soil population. Regarding the stems and leaves, only germacrene D (31.1-42.4%) and myrcene (0.5-23.15) were considered as main constituents, their composition not being affected by the type of soil. However, terpenoid distribution was clearly influenced by the soil, with the population growing in acid soil containing a greater amount of monoterpenes than that of the population growing in alkaline soil. A more exhaustive study needs to be carried out in order to confirm if the biosynthesis of these compounds could be influenced by the availability of Ca2+ in the soil.

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ESTUDO ALELOPÁTICO APLICADO DE ASTER LANCEOLATUS, WILLD.

Visão Acadêmica ◽

10.5380/acd.v6i1.577 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Joseane F. G. Dias ◽

Marilis Dallarmi Miguel

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Lactuca Sativa ◽

Inhibitory Influence ◽

Caryophyllene Oxide ◽

Aerial Parts ◽

Applied Study ◽

Hexahydrofarnesyl Acetone ◽

Pure Compounds ◽

Stems And Leaves ◽

Asteraceae Family

O presente trabalho realizou estudo sobre Aster lanceolatus, Willd., pertencente a família Asteraceae, cujas partes aéreas foram divididas em duas porções. A primeira, composta de flores e a segunda, de caules e folhas. Da análise de CG nas frações hexano, verificou-se presença de β-sitosterol. Utilizando-se resultados obtidos com o estudo alelopático dos extratos etanólicos e frações, realizaram-se estudos fitoquímicos com o intuito de isolar compostos com provável atividade alelopática e testá-los com técnica desenvolvida denominada alelopatografia. Verificou-se a presença de espinasterol e canferol-rhamnosil-galactosídeo que ao serem submetidos a alelopatografia apresentaram influência alelopática inibitória da germinação e formação de folíolos. Da análise de CG/EM realizada com o óleo essencial, identificou-se treze constituintes: Mirtenol; α-Muroleno; 1,2-dihidro-1,1,6-trimetil Naftaleno; Bisaboleno; β-Lanona; Espatulenol; Oxido de Cariofileno; 3-Ciclohexeno-1-carboxaldeído; 3,4, Cedren-13-ol, 8; Neocloveno-(I) dihidro; Azuleno 1-4-dimetil-7-(1-metila); 2H-Benzociclohepteno-2-ona, 1,4a,5,6,7,8,9,9a-octahidro 4a metil trans e 1, hexahidrofarnesil acetona. A água aromática quando submetida a ensaio alelopático apresentou atividade alelopática inibitória da germinação e do crescimento de hipocótilo de Lactuca sativa, provavelmente devido aos constituintes do óleo essencial. De acordo com análise comparativa dos ensaios alelopáticos, pode-se referir que a influência alelopática é mais intensa ao utilizar-se fração inteira em comparação aos compostos isolados, e que a alelopatografia pode representar um método mais rápido e de fácil visualização de influência alelopática de constituintes impuros. Até este momento, não havia relatos da presença dos constituintes químicos relatados neste trabalho em Aster lanceolatus. Palavras chave: alelopatografia, alelopatia, fitoquímica, atividade antifúngica e antibacteriana. Allelophatic Applied Study from Aster lanceolatus, Willd Abstract The present work accomplished study about Aster lanceolatus, Willd., belonging the Asteraceae family, whose aerial parts were shared in two portions. The first one was composed of flowers and the second one of stems and leaves. Trough the analysis of CG accomplished in the hexan fractions, a presence of β-sitosterol has been verified. Using the results obtained with the allelophatic study of the ethanolics extracts and fractions, it has taken place the phytochemistries studies with the intention of to isolate composed with probable allelophatic activity and to test with a developed technique called allelophatography. It has been verified a presence of spinasterol and kaempferol-rhamnosyl-galactoside, which presented inhibitory influence of the germination and leaves formation when the allelopatography has been submitted. Through the analysis of CG/MS accomplished with the essential oil, thirteen compounds has been verified: myrtenol; α-muurolene; naphthalene, 1,2 dihydro-1,1,6-trimethyl; bisabolene; β-lanona; spathulenol; caryophyllene oxide; 3-cyclohexen-1-carboxaldehyde, 3, 4; cedren-13-ol, 8; neoclovene-(I), dihydro; azulene, 1,4-dimethyl-7-(1-methyle); 2H-benzocyclohepten-2-one, 1, 4a, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 9a-octahydro 4a, methyl, trans; 1, hexahydrofarnesyl acetone. The aromatic water when submitted in the allelophatic study showed inhibitory allelophatic activity from the germination and the growth of hypocotyl of Lactuca sativa, probably because the essential oil fractions. In agreement with comparative analysis of the allelophatics rehearsals, it can refer the allelophatic influence is more intense when using complete fraction in comparison with the isolated compounds, and the allelophatography can represent a faster and easier method of visualization from the allelophatic influence of non-pure compounds. From now there have been no reports about the presence of chemistry compounds reported in this work in Aster lanceolatus. Key words: allelophatography, allelophaty, phytochemistry, antifungal and antibacterial activity.

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Untargeted Metabolomics Reveals Multiple Phytometabolites in the Agricultural Waste Materials and Medicinal Materials of Codonopsis pilosula

Frontiers in Plant Science ◽

10.3389/fpls.2021.814011 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Xu Zeng ◽

Jiaxue Li ◽

Xinkai Lyu ◽

Juan Chen ◽

Xiaomei Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Waste ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Untargeted Metabolomics ◽

Active Metabolites ◽

Waste Products ◽

Codonopsis Pilosula ◽

Aerial Parts ◽

Stems And Leaves ◽

Fatty Acyls ◽

Atractylenolide Iii

Codonopsis pilosula has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for hundreds of years, where it has been used to treat anaemia, fatigue, a weak spleen, and stomach problems, among other ailments. The roots of C. pilosula are considered medicinal, while the aerial parts are always directly discarded after harvest in autumn or winter. Some studies have shown that the stems and leaves of C. pilosula also contain a variety of active metabolites, including saponins, flavonoids, terpenoids, and polysaccharides. To efficiently utilise resources, waste products from C. pilosula leaves and stems were analysed by untargeted metabolomics and chemometrics. A total of 1508 metabolites were detected and annotated, of which 463 were identified as differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs). These DEMs were grouped into classes, such as carboxylic acids and derivatives, steroids, organic oxygen compounds, fatty acyls, prenol lipids, and flavonoids. Metabolic profiling of C. pilosula tissues showed that the contents of polyacetylenes, polyenes, flavonoids, some alkaloids, steroids, terpenoids, and organic acids were higher in stems and leaves, whereas the contents of the main lignans and some alkaloids were more enriched in roots. Moreover, C. pilosula stems and leaves also contained a lobetyolin, syringin and atractylenolide III, which were detected by LC-MS/MS and HPLC-UV. The extracts of C. pilosula aerial parts also showed stronger antioxidant properties than roots. C. pilosula stems and leaves were rich in active ingredients and might have great value for development and utilisation.

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Antioxidant Activity and Chemical Composition of Essential Oil from Atriplex Undulata

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1000501132 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 5 (11) ◽

pp. 1934578X1000501 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Silvana A. Rodriguez ◽

Ana P. Murray

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Dpph Radical ◽

Active Compounds ◽

Aerial Parts ◽

Stems And Leaves ◽

In Vitro Antioxidant Activity

The essential oil from aerial parts (stems and leaves) of Atriplex undulata (Moq) D. Dietr. (Chenopodiaceae) has been studied for its in vitro antioxidant activity. The chemical composition of the oil obtained by hydrodistillation was determined by GC and GC-MS. The major constituents were p-acetanisole (28.1%), β-damascenone (9.3%), β-ionone (5.1%), viridiflorene (4.7%) and 3-oxo-α-ionol (2.2%). The antioxidant activity of the oil was determined by two methods: Crocin bleaching inhibition (Krel= 0.72 ± 0.15) and scavenging of the DPPH radical (IC50 = 36.2 ± 1.6 μg/mL). The presence of active compounds like p-acetanisole, carvone, vanillin, 4-vinylguaiacol, guaiacol, terpinen-4-ol and α- terpineol could explain the antioxidant activity observed for this oil.

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Antioxidant and Antibacterial Constituents from Two Sumatran Ferns, Trichomanes javanicum and Oleandra pistillaris

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1701200829 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (8) ◽

pp. 1934578X1701200

Author(s):

Nofrizal ◽

Deddi P. Putra ◽

Dayar Arbain

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Bacillus Subtilis ◽

Enterococcus Faecalis ◽

Spectroscopic Methods ◽

Dihydroxybenzoic Acid ◽

Aerial Parts ◽

Stems And Leaves ◽

First Time

Mangiferin (1), vitexin (2) and 4- O-β-D-glucopyranosylcaffeic acid (3), by means of classical extraction, fractionation and chromatographic separation, have been isolated for the first time from aerial parts (stems and leaves) of Trichomanes javanicum Blume (Hymenophyllaceae) as well as 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (4) and gallic acid (5) from the rhizome of Oleandra pistillaris (Sw.) C. Chr. (Oleandraceae). These compounds were characterized by spectroscopic methods and then compared to those of data reported in the literature. Compound (1) and (4) showed significant antioxidant activity (IC50 value was 3.89 and 3.83 μM respectively) twice stronger than ascorbic acid as standard (IC50 value 7.86 μM). Compound (4) and (5) significantly inhibited the growth of Salmonella thypimurium and S. thypi while compounds (1), (2) and (3) showed weak inhibition toward Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Vibrio cholerae. All compounds were not active against Enterococcus faecalis and Streptococcus mutans.

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Metabolite profiling reveals organ-specific flavone accumulation in Scutellaria and identifies a scutellarin isomer isoscutellarein 8-O-β-glucuronopyranoside

10.1101/2021.09.25.461812 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Bryce C. Askey ◽

Dake Liu ◽

Garret M. Rubin ◽

Andrew R. Kunik ◽

Yeong Hun Song ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Primary Source ◽

Aerial Parts ◽

Nmr Study ◽

Metabolite Profiles ◽

The World ◽

Biochemical Studies ◽

Organ Specific ◽

Stems And Leaves ◽

Multiple Species ◽

Almost All

AbstractScutellaria is a genus of plants containing multiple species with well-documented medicinal effects. S. baicalensis and S. barbata are among the best-studied Scutellaria species, and previous works have established flavones to be the primary source of their bioactivity. Recent genomic and biochemical studies with S. baicalensis and S. barbata have advanced our understanding of flavone biosynthesis in Scutellaria. However, as over several hundreds of Scutellaria species occur throughout the world, flavone biosynthesis in most species remains poorly understood. In this study, we analyzed organ-specific flavone profiles of seven Scutellaria species, including S. baicalensis, S. barbata and two species native to the Americas (S. wrightii to Texas and S. racemosa to Central and South America). We found that the roots of almost all these species produce only 4’-deoxyflavones, while 4’-hydroxyflavones are accumulated exclusively in their aerial parts. On the other hand, S. racemosa and S. wrightii also accumulated high levels of 4’-deoxyflavones in their aerial parts, different with the flavone profiles of S. baicalensis and S. barbata. Furthermore, our metabolomics and NMR study identified the accumulation of isoscutellarein 8-O-β-glucuronopyranoside, a rare 4’-hydroxyflavone, in the stems and leaves of several Scutellaria species including S. baicalensis and S. barbata, but not in S. racemosa and S. wrightii. Distinctive organ-specific metabolite profiles among Scutellaria species indicate the selectivity and diverse physiological roles of flavones.

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Essential Oil Chemical Composition and Headspace Volatiles Profile of Achillea coarctata from Serbia

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1601100431 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 1934578X1601100 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ivana R. Kostevski ◽

Goran M. Petrović ◽

Gordana S. Stojanović ◽

Jelena G. Stamenković ◽

Bojan K Zlatković

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Essential Oil Composition ◽

Oil Composition ◽

Headspace Volatiles ◽

Aerial Parts ◽

Germacrene D ◽

Leaf Oil ◽

Stems And Leaves

This study reports the essential oil composition and headspace volatiles profile of Achillea coarctata Poir. from Serbia. The inflorescences, stems and leaves, and the aerial parts of A. coarctata were analyzed separately. Germacrene D, α-terpineol and 1,8-cineole were the main constituents of the aerial parts essential oil; 1,8-cineole, cis-cadin-4-en-7-ol and α-terpineol were the most dominant compounds in the inflorescence essential oil, while the most abundant components in the stem and leaf oil were germacrene D, cis-cadin-4-en-7-ol and ledol. The percentages of monoterpenoids and sesquiterpenoids in the aerial parts were the same, while there were differences in distribution of these compound classes in inflorescence and stem and leaf essential oils. The major components of the headspace volatiles were the same for aerial parts, inflorescence and stem and leaves: 1,8-cineole, β-pinene and α-pinene.

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Variation in the Accumulation of Phytochemicals and Their Bioactive Properties among the Aerial Parts of Cauliflower

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox10101597 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 1597

Author(s):

Natalia Drabińska ◽

Maja Jeż ◽

Mariana Nogueira

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Main Ingredient ◽

Aerial Parts ◽

Bioactive Properties ◽

Health Promoting ◽

Common Variety ◽

The Common ◽

Bioactive Phytochemicals ◽

Stems And Leaves ◽

Brassicaceae Family

Vegetables from the Brassicaceae family are excellent sources of bioactive phytochemicals and may reduce the risk of chronic diseases. Variation of phytochemicals in the edible part of cauliflower is known. However, information about the distribution of bioactive and nutritive compounds as well as antioxidant activity among aerial organs of cauliflower is unavailable. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the distribution of glucosinolates (GLS), phenolics, flavonoids, chlorophylls, nutritive compounds and antioxidant capacity between the aerial parts of the common variety of cauliflower and to evaluate whether these changes contribute to the differences in the antioxidant capacity between the plant organs. Our study showed that all the aerial organs of cauliflower are a rich source of health-promoting bioactive compounds, including GLS, phenolics and flavonoids, exhibiting antioxidant capacity. The highest contents of phytochemicals and the highest antioxidant capacity were found in leaves. Cauliflower organs were also found to be rich in nutritive compounds, including minerals, proteins and amino acids. Our study showed that the non-edible organs, such as stems and leaves, being neglected parts of cauliflower, if not consumed as the main ingredient, can be used as additives for developing new, functional foodstuff.

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