scholarly journals Symposium 3 - Science Education “Leopoldo de Meis”: The Relevance of Neuroscience in Evaluation of Students in Classroom

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Diogo O. Souza
Keyword(s):  
Science Education ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Brain Plasticity ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Formal Evaluation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Evaluation Of Learning ◽  
New Interactions ◽  
The Brain

Symposium 3 - Science Education “Leopoldo de Meis” Chair: Wagner Seixas da Silva, Universidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroAbstract:In this talk we will discuss the relevance of the brain neurobiology in the student learning/formal evaluation processes in the classroom. It is important to emphasize that the students “are alive” before and after each class. It means that their brains are receiving a massive amount of environmental stimuli, which are processed by the complex cerebral circuitry involved in learning and memory processes. These stimuli interact with previous memories, which adapt to the new stimuli and are adjusted by them. These constant new interactions induce brain plasticity, changing the behavior in such way that a student that leaves the class is not exactly the same that will enter in the next class. At the same time, when students are in the class, what they are learning is not only (even nor the most relevant) what the teacher is trying to teach. These “anonymous” experiences may impact the brain stronger than the teacher’s information. The neurobiological bases of all these interactions are nowadays being more and more revealed; unfortunately this new scientific knowledge is still not integrated in most of the class activities. The idea of this talk is to contribute for the discussion on how important is to incorporate this new scientific information to the current evaluation methods. Importantly, the aim here is not to transform all teachers in neuroscientists, but only motivate the school community for accepting that we learn with the brain and, consequently, the neurobiology of learning and memory should be valorized in formal evaluation of learning. Finally, it is important in terms of evaluation not consider strictly the answers to the question raised in an exam, but what happened within the time between a previous classroom and the time in which the exam is applied.

scholarly journals INTERVENÇÃO MUSICALIZANDO : EXPERIMENTAÇÃO MUSICAL EM UMA AÇÃO EXTENSIONISTA

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 115-121
Author(s):  
Maria Beatriz Rocha ◽  
Ohana Turcato Macacare ◽  
Roberta Carvalho Cesário ◽  
Mariana Benassi-Werke ◽  
Roberta Ekuni
Keyword(s):  
Music Education ◽  
Social Integration ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Group Work ◽  
Structural Organization ◽  
Brain Plasticity ◽  
Musical Instruments ◽  
Cultural Expression ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
The Brain

A música expressa ideias individuais ou da sociedade, presentes em determinadas épocas da História, servindo como um importante instrumento pedagógico de entendimento interdisciplinar dos conteúdos, em todas as etapas da educação. Além disso, a música exerce um importante papel na plasticidade cerebral, que é a capacidade do cérebro de modificar sua organização estrutural e funcionamento. O objetivo do presente trabalho é relatar a exposição do estande Musicalizando, no evento Conhecendo o Cérebro, realizado pelo Grupo de Estudos em Neurociência da Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná (UENP), uma ação extensionista que utiliza a divulgação científica para tradução e comunicação do conhecimento científico para a sociedade. Tal estande foi dividido em dois momentos: um primeiro teórico, no qual havia uma explicação sobre os efeitos da música no cérebro e também relatava-se a importância da música como veículo de expressão cultural e protesto. Posteriormente, as monitoras mostravam aos visitantes os instrumentos musicais construídos por elas mesmas, ressaltando a ideia de que para fazer música não é necessário possuir instrumentos caros. Mais de 570 pessoas foram alcançadas durante os dois dias de evento. Os visitantes marcaram em um papel qual emoji representava a sua opinião (detestei; não gostei; indiferente; gostei; gostei muito) sobre o estande; 95,4% dos visitantes assinalaram a opção “gostei muito” e 4,6% assinalaram “gostei”. Eventos que proporcionam a divulgação científica de forma mais interativa podem incentivar os visitantes a conhecerem mais sobre o tema proposto. Ademais, ações que envolvem música têm a possibilidade de estimular a integração social, a cooperação e o trabalho em grupo. Palavras-chave: Extensão Universitária; Música; Educação; Neurociências   "Musicalizing" Intervention: Musical Experimentation in an Extension Action Abstract: Music expresses individual or societal ideals at a particular moment of History, serving as an essential pedagogical instrument it offers an interdisciplinary understanding of contents in all stages of education. Also, music plays an important role in brain plasticity, which is the brain's ability to modify its structural organization and functioning. The objective of the present work is to report the stand "Making music" at the "Knowing the Brain" event held by the Neuroscience Studies Group of Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, an extensionist action that uses scientific dissemination for translation and communication of scientific knowledge to society. This stand was divided into two moments. First, a theoretical moment, in which there was an explanation of the effects of music in the brain, and the importance of music as a vehicle of cultural expression and protest. Subsequently, the monitors showed the visitors the musical instruments they built, emphasizing the idea that to make music, it is not necessary to have expensive instruments. More than 570 visitors were reached during the two-day event. The visitors marked in a paper in which emoji represented their opinion on the booth (hated, disliked, indifferent, liked, and loved). 95.4% of the visitants indicated the option "loved" and 4.6% indicated "liked". Events that provide scientific dissemination, interactively, can encourage the visitors to know more about the proposed theme. In addition, actions involving music have the possibility of stimulating social integration, cooperation, and group work. Keywords: University Extension; Music; Education; Neuroscience   Intervención "Musicalización": Experimentación Musical en una acción de extensión Resumen: La música expresa ideas individuales o de la sociedad, presentes en ciertos momentos de la Historia, sirviendo como un importante instrumento pedagógico para la comprensión interdisciplinaria de los contenidos en todas las etapas de la educación. Además, la música juega un papel importante en la plasticidad del cerebro, que es la capacidad del cerebro para modificar su organización y funcionamiento estructural. El objetivo de este trabajo es informar sobre la exposición del stand “Musicalizando” en el evento “Conociendo el cerebro” realizado por el Grupo de Estudos em Neurociência da Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná (UENP), una acción de extensión que utiliza la difusión científica para la traducción y comunicación del conocimiento científico a la sociedad. Esta cabina se dividió en dos momentos: un teórico, en el que hubo una explicación de los efectos de la música en el cerebro, que también informó sobre la importancia de la música como vehículo para la expresión cultural y la protesta. Posteriormente, los monitores mostraron a los visitantes los instrumentos musicales construidos por ellos, enfatizando la idea de que hacer música no requiere instrumentos caros. Más de 570 visitantes fueron alcanzados durante los dos días del evento. Los visitantes marcaron en un papel que los emoji representaban la opinión (odiados, disgustados, indiferentes, les gustaba, les gustaba mucho) sobre el stand. El 95,4% de los visitantes marcaron "me gusta mucho" y el 4,6% marcaron "me gusta". Los eventos que brindan difusión científica de una manera más interactiva pueden alentar a los visitantes a conocer más sobre el tema propuesto. Además, las acciones relacionadas con la música tienen la posibilidad de estimular la integración social, la cooperación y el trabajo grupal. Palabras-clave: Extensión universitaria; Música; Educación; Neurociencias

scholarly journals Brain volumetric changes in the general population following the COVID-19 outbreak and lockdown

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Salomon ◽  
Adi Cohen ◽  
Daniel Barazany ◽  
Gal Ben-Zvi ◽  
Rotem Botvinik-Nezer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Risks ◽  
Natural Experiment ◽  
Brain Plasticity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Induced Stress ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Rare Opportunity

AbstractThe COVID-19 outbreak introduced unprecedented health-risks, as well as pressure on the financial, social, and psychological well-being due to the response to the outbreak. Here, we examined the manifestations of the COVID-19 outbreak on the brain structure in the healthy population, following the initial phase of the pandemic in Israel. We pre-registered our hypothesis that the intense experience of the outbreak potentially induced stress-related brain modifications. Volumetric changes in n = 50 participants who were scanned before and after the COVID-19 outbreak and lockdown, were compared with n = 50 control participants who were scanned twice prior to the pandemic. The pandemic provided a rare opportunity to examine brain plasticity in a natural experiment. We found volumetric increases in bilateral amygdalae, putamen, and the anterior temporal cortices. Changes in the amygdalae diminished as time elapsed from lockdown relief, suggesting that the intense experience associated with the pandemic outbreak induced transient volumetric changes in brain regions commonly associated with stress and anxiety.

scholarly journals The Exercising Brain: Changes in Functional Connectivity Induced by an Integrated Multimodal Cognitive and Whole-Body Coordination Training

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Traute Demirakca ◽  
Vita Cardinale ◽  
Sven Dehn ◽  
Matthias Ruf ◽  
Gabriele Ende
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Brain Plasticity ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Posterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Coordination Training ◽  
Brain Changes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain

This study investigated the impact of “life kinetik” training on brain plasticity in terms of an increased functional connectivity during resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). The training is an integrated multimodal training that combines motor and cognitive aspects and challenges the brain by introducing new and unfamiliar coordinative tasks. Twenty-one subjects completed at least 11 one-hour-per-week “life kinetik” training sessions in 13 weeks as well as before and after rs-fMRI scans. Additionally, 11 control subjects with 2 rs-fMRI scans were included. The CONN toolbox was used to conduct several seed-to-voxel analyses. We searched for functional connectivity increases between brain regions expected to be involved in the exercises. Connections to brain regions representing parts of the default mode network, such as medial frontal cortex and posterior cingulate cortex, did not change. Significant connectivity alterations occurred between the visual cortex and parts of the superior parietal area (BA7). Premotor area and cingulate gyrus were also affected. We can conclude that the constant challenge of unfamiliar combinations of coordination tasks, combined with visual perception and working memory demands, seems to induce brain plasticity expressed in enhanced connectivity strength of brain regions due to coactivation.

scholarly journals Polyphenol-rich extract from grape and blueberry attenuates cognitive decline and improves neuronal function in aged mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Bensalem ◽  
Stéphanie Dudonné ◽  
David Gaudout ◽  
Laure Servant ◽  
Frédéric Calon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Brain Plasticity ◽  
Memory Deficits ◽  
Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Native Form ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Brain

AbstractAgeing is characterised by memory deficits, associated with brain plasticity impairment. Polyphenols from berries, such as flavan-3-ols, anthocyanins, and resveratrol, have been suggested to modulate synaptic plasticity and cognitive processes. In the present study we assessed the preventive effect of a polyphenol-rich extract from grape and blueberry (PEGB), with high concentrations of flavonoids, on age-related cognitive decline in mice. Adult and aged (6 weeks and 16 months) mice were fed a PEGB-enriched diet for 14 weeks. Learning and memory were assessed using the novel object recognition and Morris water maze tasks. Brain polyphenol content was evaluated with ultra-high-performance LC-MS/MS. Hippocampal neurotrophin expression was measured using quantitative real-time PCR. Finally, the effect of PEGB on adult hippocampal neurogenesis was assessed by immunochemistry, counting the number of cells expressing doublecortin and the proportion of cells with dendritic prolongations. The combination of grape and blueberry polyphenols prevented age-induced learning and memory deficits. Moreover, it increased hippocampal nerve growth factor (Ngf) mRNA expression. Aged supplemented mice displayed a greater proportion of newly generated neurons with prolongations than control age-matched mice. Some of the polyphenols included in the extract were detected in the brain in the native form or as metabolites. Aged supplemented mice also displayed a better survival rate. These data suggest that PEGB may prevent age-induced cognitive decline. Possible mechanisms of action include a modulation of brain plasticity. Post-treatment detection of phenolic compounds in the brain suggests that polyphenols may act directly at the central level, while they can make an impact on mouse survival through a potential systemic effect.

PENGARUH PIJAT BAYI TERHADAP KUALITAS TIDUR BAYI UMUR 0 – 3 BULAN DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS SOSIAL PALEMBANG TAHUN 2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Widyastuti Wahyuningsih Juliana Widyastuti Wahyuningsih
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
P Value ◽  
Development Phase ◽  
Quality Of Sleep ◽  
Infant Massage ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Brain

ABSTRAK Tidur merupakan kebutuhan yang harus terpenuhi terutama pada fase perkembangan karena selama tidur akan terjadi perkembangan otak maupun tubuh, sehingga gangguan tidur merupakan masalah yang akan menimbulkan dampak buruk terhadap pertumbuhan dan perkembangan bayi. Kualitas tidur bayi yang baik dapat diciptakan dengan memberikan pemijatan bayi secara rutin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan bahwa pemijatan dapat mempengaruhi kualitas tidur bayi umur 0-3 bulan. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian Quasy Eksperimental dengan metode One Group Pretest-Postest. Sampel 22 bayi yang dipilih dengan tehnik Total Sampling yang di observasi sebelum dan sesudah diberikan pemijatan. Variabel yang diukur dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitas tidur bayi 0-3 bulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada pengaruh pijat bayi terhadap kualitas tidur bayi umur 0-3 bulan (p value  0,008 < α = 0,05).Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini disarankan agar keluarga dan masyarakat memberikan pemijatan secara rutin dan mandiri untuk meningkatkan kebutuhan tidur bayi yang berkualitas.   ABSTRACT Sleep is a human necessity that must be met, especially in the development phase because during sleep will occur the brain and body developments, so that sleep disturbance is a problem that would cause adverse effects on infants’ growth and development. The good quality of sleep can be created by providing the infants massage routinely. This study aimed to prove that the massage could affect the quality of sleep on the 0-3 months old baby. This study used Quasy-experimental design with One Group Pretest-Posttest. The sample 22 infants selected by total sampling technique observed on before and after the massage. The variables measured in this study are the quality of sleep. The results of study indicate that there is an effect of infant massage to the sleep quality on 0-3 months old babies (p value 0,008 < α = 0,05).Based on the results of this study it recommended for the families and communities to provide infant massage regularly and independently to increase the quality of sleep on the baby.  

Dendrobium officinalis Flower Improves Learning and Reduces Memory Impairment by Mediating Antioxidant Effect and Balancing the Release of Neurotransmitters in Senescent Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 402-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin-Zi Li ◽  
Shan-Shan Lei ◽  
Bo Li ◽  
Fu-Chen Zhou ◽  
Ye-Hui Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Brain Aging ◽  
Morris Water Maze Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Hippocampal Damage ◽  
Common Belief ◽  
Mao B ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Brain

Aim and Objective: The Dendrobium officinalis flower (DOF) is popular in China due to common belief in its anti-aging properties and positive effects on “nourish yin”. However, there have been relatively few confirmatory pharmacological experiments conducted to date. The aim of this work was to evaluate whether DOF has beneficial effects on learning and memory in senescent rats, and, if so, to determine its potential mechanism of effect. Materials and Methods: SD rats were administrated orally DOF at a dose of 1.38, or 0.46 g/kg once a day for 8 weeks. Two other groups included a healthy untreated control group and a senescent control group. During the 7th week, a Morris water maze test was performed to assess learning and memory. At the end of the experiment, serum and brain samples were collected to measure concentrations of antioxidant enzymes, including malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione reductase (GSH-Px) in serum, and the neurotransmitters, including γ-aminobutyric acid (γ-GABA), Glutamic (Glu), and monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) in the brain. Histopathology of the hippocampus was assessed using hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining. Results: The results suggested that treatment with DOF improved learning as measured by escape latency, total distance, and target quadrant time, and also increased levels of γ-GABA in the brain. In addition, DOF decreased the levels of MDA, Glu, and MAO-B, and improved SOD and GSHPx. Histopathological analysis showed that DOF also significantly reduced structural lesions and neurodegeneration in the hippocampus relative to untreated senescent rats. Conclusion: DOF alleviated brain aging and improved the spatial learning abilities in senescent rats, potentially by attenuating oxidative stress and thus reducing hippocampal damage and balancing the release of neurotransmitters.

Evidences of Brain Plasticity and Motor Control Modulation after Hemodialysis Session by Helixone Membrane: BOLD-fMRI Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 466-477
Author(s):  
Saïd Boujraf ◽  
Rachida Belaïch ◽  
Abdelkhalek Housni ◽  
Badreeddine Alami ◽  
Tariq Skalli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Functional Activity ◽  
Brain Plasticity ◽  
Biological Assessment ◽  
Bold Fmri ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Inflammatory State ◽  
Functional Control ◽  
The Impact

Objective: The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the impact of hemodialysis (HD) using synthetic Helixone membrane on brain functional control reorganization and plasticity in the cortical area generated while Oxidative Stress (OS) would be the main impacting agent. Methods: Indeed, 9 chronic HD patients underwent identical brain BOLD-fMRI assessment using the motor paradigm immediately before and after the same HD sessions. To assess the oxidative stress, the same patients underwent biological-assessment, including Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Total- Antioxidant-Activity (TAOA) reported in earlier papers. Results: BOLD-fMRI maps of motor areas obtained from HD-patients before and after HD sessions revealed a significant enhancement of activation volume of the studied motor cortex after HD reflecting brain plasticity. Results were correlated with OS assessed by the measurement of MDA and TAOA; this correlation was close to 1. Conclusion: Indeed, HD enhances the inflammatory state of brain tissues reflected by the increased OS. The functional brain reaction demonstrated a functional activity reorganization to overcome the inflammatory state and OS enhanced by HD process. This functional activity reorganization reveals brain plasticity induced by OS originated by HD.

A new method to predict anomaly in brain network based on graph deep learning

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 681-689
Author(s):  
Jalal Mirakhorli ◽  
Hamidreza Amindavar ◽  
Mojgan Mirakhorli
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Brain Plasticity ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
High Order ◽  
Brain Diseases ◽  
Simultaneous Occurrence ◽  
Generative Adversarial Network ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Brain Connections

AbstractFunctional magnetic resonance imaging a neuroimaging technique which is used in brain disorders and dysfunction studies, has been improved in recent years by mapping the topology of the brain connections, named connectopic mapping. Based on the fact that healthy and unhealthy brain regions and functions differ slightly, studying the complex topology of the functional and structural networks in the human brain is too complicated considering the growth of evaluation measures. One of the applications of irregular graph deep learning is to analyze the human cognitive functions related to the gene expression and related distributed spatial patterns. Since a variety of brain solutions can be dynamically held in the neuronal networks of the brain with different activity patterns and functional connectivity, both node-centric and graph-centric tasks are involved in this application. In this study, we used an individual generative model and high order graph analysis for the region of interest recognition areas of the brain with abnormal connection during performing certain tasks and resting-state or decompose irregular observations. Accordingly, a high order framework of Variational Graph Autoencoder with a Gaussian distributer was proposed in the paper to analyze the functional data in brain imaging studies in which Generative Adversarial Network is employed for optimizing the latent space in the process of learning strong non-rigid graphs among large scale data. Furthermore, the possible modes of correlations were distinguished in abnormal brain connections. Our goal was to find the degree of correlation between the affected regions and their simultaneous occurrence over time. We can take advantage of this to diagnose brain diseases or show the ability of the nervous system to modify brain topology at all angles and brain plasticity according to input stimuli. In this study, we particularly focused on Alzheimer’s disease.

Sources of the Scalp-Recorded Amplitude-Modulation Following Response

2002 ◽  
Vol 13 (04) ◽  
pp. 188-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigeyuki Kuwada ◽  
Julia S. Anderson ◽  
Ranjan Batra ◽  
Douglas C. Fitzpatrick ◽  
Natacha Teissier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Amplitude Modulation ◽  
Single Unit ◽  
Modulation Frequency ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
High Modulation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Single Unit Recordings ◽  
Composite Response ◽  
The Brain

The scalp-recorded amplitude-modulation following response (AMFR)” is gaining recognition as an objective audiometric tool, but little is known about the neural sources that underlie this potential. We hypothesized, based on our human studies and single-unit recordings in animals, that the scalp-recorded AMFR reflects the interaction of multiple sources. We tested this hypothesis using an animal model, the unanesthetized rabbit. We compared AMFRs recorded from the surface of the brain at different locations and before and after the administration of agents likely to enhance or suppress neural generators. We also recorded AMFRs locally at several stations along the auditory neuraxis. We conclude that the surface-recorded AMFR is indeed a composite response from multiple brain generators. Although the response at any modulation frequency can reflect the activity of more than one generator, the AMFRs to low and high modulation frequencies appear to reflect a strong contribution from cortical and subcortical sources, respectively.

scholarly journals Usage of Terms “Science” and “Scientific Knowledge” in Nature of Science (NOS): Do Their Lexicons in Different Accounts Indicate Shared Conceptions?

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 252
Author(s):  
Ismo T. Koponen
Keyword(s):  
Science Education ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Nature Of Science ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Social Embeddedness ◽  
Focal Points ◽  
Central Theme ◽  
Network Approach ◽  
Basic Vocabulary ◽  
Common Understanding

Nature of science (NOS) has been a central theme in science education and research on it for nearly three decades, but there is still debate on its proper focus and underpinnings. The focal points of these debates revolve around different ways of understanding the terms “science” and “scientific knowledge”. It is suggested here that the lack of agreement is at least partially related to and reflected as a lack of common vocabulary and terminology that would provide a shared basis for finding consensus. Consequently, the present study seeks motivation from the notions of centrality of lexicons in recognizing the identity of disciplinary communities and different schools of thought within NOS. Here, by using a network approach, we investigate how lexicons used by different authors to discuss NOS are confluent or divergent. The lexicons used in these texts are investigated on the basis of a network analysis. The results of the analysis reveal clear differences in the lexicons that are partially related to differences in views, as evident from the debates surrounding the consensus NOS. The most divergent views are related to epistemology, while regarding the practices and social embeddedness of science the lexicons overlap significantly. This suggests that, in consensus NOS, one can find much basis for converging views, with common understanding, where constructive communication may be possible. The basic vocabulary, in the form of a lexicon, can reveal much about the different stances and the differences and similarities between various disciplinary schools. The advantage of such an approach is its neutrality and how it keeps a distance from preferred epistemological positions and views of nature of knowledge.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document