scholarly journals Problem of manganese in Russian metallurgy

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (8) ◽  
pp. 579-590
Author(s):  
V. Ya. Dashevskii ◽  
A. A. Aleksandrov ◽  
V. I. Zhuchkov ◽  
L. I. Leont’ev
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Smelting Process ◽  
Manganese Ore ◽  
Production Volume ◽  
Manganese Ores ◽  
The World ◽  
Manganese Ferroalloys

Ferrous metallurgical industry is the main consumer of m nese. The production volume of manganese ferroalloys in the world is approximately 1 % of steel production. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Russian Federation found itself without any manganese ore base. At present, only high-carbon ferromanganese and ferrosilicomanganese are smelted from imported ore in Russia in a limited quantity. The mineral and raw base of manganese ores in Russia is quite large: the balance reserves of manganese ores are about 230 million tons (approximately 2 % of the world), forecast resources – more than 1 billion tons. Quality of the manganese ores is lower than the manganese ores of most major producing countries. Average manganese content in Russian ores is 9 – 23 %. Basis of mineral and raw base of these manganese ores are carbonate ores, share of which is more than 77 %. Manganese ore mining in Russia is sporadic and does not exceed 66 thousand tons per year. Demand of Russian ferroalloy plants, producing manganese ferroalloys, in manganese ores and concentrates is covered by imports. The problem of accelerating the creation of domestic manganese ore base from the position of economic security seems to be very important. It is necessary to solve a number of issues related to the enrichment of poor manganese ores, development of effective technologies for manganese ferroalloys smelting from concentrates obtained after the enrichment of these ores, as well as creation of more advanced methods of manganese concentrates dephosphorization. In the production of manganese ferroalloys from ore to finished alloys, about 50 % of manganese mined from the subsoil is lost; a large number of by-products are formed (sludges of enrichment, slags, screenings of small fractions of ore raw materials and finished products, sludges of smelting process and dust). The use and processing of them allow not only to reduce the consumption of initial mineral raw materials, but also to increase the efficiency of main production and to reduce environmental pollution. Additional extraction of manganese from industrial wastes and improvement of the technological processes for manganese ferroalloys smelting are the ways to increase the through extraction of manganese.

scholarly journals Recycling of Waste Slag Upon Production of Manganese Ferroalloys

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veniamin Ya. Dashevskii ◽  
Aleksandr A. Aleksandrov ◽  
Vladimir I. Zhuchkov ◽  
Leopold I. Leontˋev ◽  
Akim G. Kanevskii
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Hot Metal ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
Manganese Ores ◽  
Optimum Variant ◽  
High Carbon Ferromanganese ◽  
Mining Capacity ◽  
Manganese Ferroalloys

The mineral resources base of manganese ores is sufficiently large in Russia. However, their mining capacity is almost absent. This is due to the low quality of domestic manganese ores and the high content of phosphorus. To date, Russia has been obliged to import the commercial manganese ore, manganese-containing ferroalloys, metallic manganese, and manganese dioxide. To produce the high-carbon ferromanganese the composition of charge was developed. The optimum variant was that where 10–15% of manganese-containing raw materials were changed for waste slag. In this case, the phosphorus content in the high-carbon ferromanganese is lower by approximately 20 rel. % in comparison with the production of ferromanganese only from the manganese-containing raw materials. About 50–60 rel. % of manganese can be extracted from the waste slag of silicon-thermal production. To produce the hot metal, the composition of iron-bearing burden material was developed. The optimum variant was that where 100% of manganese raw materials were changed for the waste slag. In this case, upon production of hot metal, the specific consumptions of manganese raw materials and limestone were decreased by 100 and 20%, respectively. The phosphorus concentration in metal was lower by about 10 rel. % as compared to the production of hot metal only from the manganese raw materials. Up to 55% of manganese can be extracted from the waste slag of silicothermic production, which is irretrievably lost at present. Keywords: manganese ferroalloys, manganese-containing raw materials, waste slag, hot metal

scholarly journals The Indian Republic in the global energy markets

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 502-509
Author(s):  
Nikolay P. Gusakov ◽  
Yulia A. Konovalova ◽  
Sayar Akhmad Reshad
Keyword(s):  
Energy Security ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
International Energy Agency ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Energy Markets ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
World Energy ◽  
The World ◽  
The Republic

Energy is an integral part of the economic security of any state, and it is more complex, the lower the degree of provision with its mineral resources and the higher the number of the population living in the country. Being the undisputed world leaders in terms of population (1.4 billion people and 1.3 billion people), China and India are concerned about ensuring the energy security of their national economies. According to the latest forecasts formed by the International Energy Agency, by 2040, these two countries will become world leaders in terms of imports of mineral products (in this case: crude oil and natural gas). China is the world leader in exporting goods; India is implementing an economic and industrial policy to turn the country into a world manufacturing hub. In this regard, providing countries with energy resources is one of the most critical tasks. At the same time, a significant problem is a dependence on regular supplies of raw materials and world prices for energy carriers. Respectively, countries should pursue a policy of diversification of suppliers of mineral products. The subject of this study is the Republic of India and its position in the world energy markets; issues of energy security and energy policy are also highlighted.

scholarly journals Steel industry of the world and of Russia in pandemic environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (7) ◽  
pp. 657-664
Author(s):  
N. G. Zinov’eva
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
World Market ◽  
The World ◽  
Steel Consumption ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Chinese Export ◽  
Cis Countries ◽  
In Cis ◽  
Production Dynamic

The crisis of the world economy, caused by coronavirus pandemic early 2020, resulted in a recession in demand for steel products, decrease of ferrous metals production. Dynamic of steel production by world regions and separate countries in 2019 and by 4 months of 2020 is presented. Results of IQ-2020 comparing with the analogue period of 2019, published by WSA, showed more than 10% production drop in such countries like Italy, Spain, Belgium, Taiwan, Venezuela and other, less than 10% production drop in the USA, Russia, Japan, India, Germany, Vietnam. Total decrease of production in IQ-2020 in Top-20 countries accounted for about 1%. In Russia, as per Rosstat data, production of steel and rolled products in the IQ-2020 was less by 1.1% comparing with the volume of IQ-2019. Dynamic of prices within the period from April of 2019 till April of 2020 presented for iron ore raw materials, steel billets, rebars, HRC and CRC at the world market. The decrease of steel rolled products import in the USA in January-April of 2020 by 5,8 million tons was noted, which is 28,2 % lower than the volume of January-April 2019. EC countries in IQ- 2020 decreased export of steel rolled products by 11% down to 4.51 million tons, comparing with IQ-2019, import decreased by 20.6% down to 5.7 million tons. China in January-April of 2020 comparing with January-April of 2019 decreased export of steel by 11.7% down to 20.6 million tons, and increased import by 7.4% up to 4.2 million tons. It was noted, that demand increase at the domestic market of China and tariff-wall, imposed by the USA, EC countries and other countries contribute to the decrease of Chinese export. In 2020 further decrease of steel products demand is expected by 6.4%. In EC countries the metal products consumption due to estimation will decrease by 15.8%, in developing countries (without China), as expected, by the results of 2020 the indices will deteriorate by 11.6%. Consumption of steel products in China in 2020 will increase by 1%. In CIS countries and Russia the decrease of steel consumption in 2020 will be about 10%.

Concentrating Solar Thermal Process Heat for Manganese Ferroalloy Production: Plant Modelling and Thermal Energy Storage Dispatch Optimization

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tristan Mckechnie ◽  
Craig McGregor ◽  
Gerhard Venter
Keyword(s):  
Steel Production ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Ferroalloy Production ◽  
Smelting Process ◽  
Manganese Ore ◽  
Production Plant ◽  
Arc Furnaces ◽  
Manganese Ferroalloy ◽  
Process Heat

Abstract This paper investigates the economic benefit of incorporating solar-based preheating of Manganese ore before smelting in electric submerged arc furnaces. Manganese ore is smelted to produce Manganese ferroalloy, a key component in steel production. The smelting process is highly energy intensive, with temperatures up to 1600 °C. The paper discusses the developed methodology for determining the configuration of a concentrating solar thermal (CST) plant to produce high temperature process heat. The CST plant is sized to preheat the ore to 600 °C before it enters the smelter — currently ore enters at ambient temperature. The preheating leads to economic and environmental benefits by offering lower cost heat and reducing carbon emissions for the process.

scholarly journals The Waste of the Ferroalloy Production in Russia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Ivanovich Zhuchkov ◽  
Leopold Igorevich Leontiev ◽  
Alexandr Vladimirovich Sychev ◽  
Veniamin Yakovlevich Dashevsky ◽  
Oleg Vadimovich Zayakin
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Ferroalloy Production ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Silicon Alloys ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Manganese Ferroalloys

Ferroalloys are used to change the composition and properties of ferrous and non- ferrous metals. Therefore, the volume of ferroalloy smelting corresponds to the amount of steel and other alloys produced. Currently world steel production is approximately 1630 million tons, and about 40 million tons of various ferroalloys are produced (2.5%). The structure of ferroalloy production in different countries mainly depends not on the needs of industrial enterprises, but on ore reserves. Excessive amounts of ferroalloys produced are exported, and the missing alloys are imported. In Russia silicon alloys that have no restrictions in the raw material base (44%) are the most produced, then manganese (25%) and chromium (23%) ferroalloys. The remaining ferroalloys account for 8% of production. About half of the manganese ferroalloys needed for consumption are bought abroad, and half are produced in the Russian Federation from foreign raw materials (Kazakhstan, South Africa, Gabon). The Russian Federation provides itself with chromium ferroalloys completely, and sells ∼ 80%, and for their production mainly imported raw materials (∼ 65%) from Kazakhstan are used. Keywords: ferroalloy, ferrochrome, slags, production of ferroalloy

scholarly journals Management of used tires, accomplishments in the world, and situation in Serbia

2011 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 727-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dusan Stanojevic ◽  
Milos Rajkovic ◽  
Dragan Toskovic
Keyword(s):  
End Of Life ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Hard Coal ◽  
Safe Alternative ◽  
The World ◽  
Materials Used

It is estimated that all over the world there are more than 550 million road vehicles in everyday use. Annually, 1.3 billion used tyres are dismantled from these vehicles due to safety reasons. A small number of these tyres end up reused as second-hand tyres or, after being retreated, as new ones. The rest are end of life tyres which are recycled or used as tire derived fuels under controlled combustion conditions. Modern vehicle tyres are a high-technological product containing, on the average, 85% hydrocarbon, 10-15% steel, as well as some other chemical materials. Tyres belong to high caloric materials, with calorific value of a passenger car tyre of approx. 30.2 MJ/kg being more than of hard coal and comparable to calorific value of petrol-coke. Having this in mind many countries use end of life tyres as safe alternative fuel in cement works or power plants. Undeveloped countries dump end of life tyres on legal and illegal scrap stockpiles. End of life tyres, if deposed correctly, don?t endanger the environment because they are chemically inert. However, since they can easily be burnt there is a real possibility of tyre dump fires, which in effect can lead to harmful products emission that extremely pollute the environment. End of life tyres represent a very important secondary material, which when recycled is transformed into a number of raw materials used in rubber industry, for road construction, sports facilities, residential and business buildings, artificial fish habitats in shallow seas, sea walls, steel production, etc. By the industrial procedures of controlled degradation, which have been uneconomical up till now, gaseous and liquid fuel can be obtained by natural rubber, steel and soot recycling. The countries of the EU, together with Norway and Switzerland, were the world leaders in the field of effective end of life tyre management in the year 2009. Out of 2.62 million tonnes of end of life tyres, 95% were restored or used as energents, and 5% settled on dumps. About 26.000 t of used tyres are collected in Serbia each year. In accordance with adopted legal legislations, up to 30% can be used as tire derived fuels while 70% are being recycled. Serbia belongs to the group of countries which have solved the problem of used tyres in a modern way, and in accordance with EU Legislation practice.

scholarly journals A STATE OF ART AND PROSPECTS OF HANDLING USED PET BOTTLES

2021 ◽  
pp. 45-61
Author(s):  
I.O. Mikulionok
Keyword(s):  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Production Volume ◽  
Recycled Pet ◽  
Pet Bottles ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
The World ◽  
Plasma Decomposition ◽  
State Of Art

The main data on the production volume of bottles from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) in the world are presented. The main ways of handling used PET bottles as one of the hazardous types of waste for the environment, but promising from the point of view of using their properties, are analyzed. The main methods of handling used PET bottles are considered and a critical analysis of each of them is given. Particular attention is paid to the methods of recycling PET bottles, which made it possible to efficiently use recycled PET raw materials directly for their intended purpose. The features of physical, chemical, biological and combined processing methods are also considered, in particular, combustion, gasification, pyrolysis, plasma decomposition of PET bottles, as well as their decomposition under the influence of microorganisms. The main ways of solving the problem of used PET bottles are proposed.  Bibl. 84, Fig. 1.

Threats to the Economic Security of Russia in the Context of Trends in the Development of Africa

2020 ◽  
pp. 112-125
Author(s):  
Alexander I. Selivanov ◽  
Vladimir G. Starovoitov ◽  
Dmitriy V. Troshin
Keyword(s):  
National Economy ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Economic Crime ◽  
African Continent ◽  
New Developments ◽  
External Threats ◽  
National Economic ◽  
The World ◽  
National Economic Security

Situation and value of the African continent on the economic and social cardmap of the world dynamically changes and will continue to change throughout all the 21st century with strengthening of the Africa positions in the world. In Russia all the complex of threats and problems which arise owing to political and economic transformation of Africa is not adequately estimated. The scientific literature on economic security issues presents an expanded set of internal and external threats to the national economy that goes beyond the traditional areas of the shadow economy, corruption, economic crime and related segments, including the internal economic stability of the national economy and inter-country competition, the quality of state strategic management, studies of the specifics of ensuring economic security in the conditions of the sixth technological order, intercultural communication and their impact on the economic relations between countries, etc. Incomplete use of such approach to strategy for the countries of Africa creates additional threats and risks for Russia. An analysis of security problems in Africa revealed that studies of economic security in the context of African development trends in Russia are conducted in an unsatisfactory volume, not always taking into account the results of new developments in the field of ensuring economic security. Even the large shifts happening on the African continent, forecasts of this dynamics sometimes are poorly known to experts of a profile of economic security, and many experts of an economic profile including working in the African subject often do not accurately distinguish problems of “economic cooperation” and “the Russian – African relations”, on the one hand, and “economic security of Russia” – with another. In this regard the new scientific problem is proved: need for deeper analysis of trends of economic and social development in Africa as an important component of a system of ensuring national economic security of Russia in the current period and in the future into account the new developments in the sphere of economic security. The main directions of activating scientific research and concentration of practical efforts to increase national economic security, neutralize threats and reduce risk for Russia in the designated context are formulated.

PERSPECTIVE DEVELOPMENT OF WORLD PRODUCTION OF FEEDS FOR AQUACULTURE: ALTERNATIVE SOURCES OF RAW MATERIALS

2017 ◽  
pp. 67-78
Author(s):  
Lina Yurievna Lagutkina
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
The World ◽  
Market Trends ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
World Industry ◽  
First Time ◽  
A Current

The author of the article discloses the prospects of development of the world feed production for aquaculture based on the analysis of key innovative technological and market trends. The author specifies that shortage, high cost, low ecological compatibility of traditional raw materials - fish flour - are among major limiting factors in the development of production of feeds for aquaculture. This fact, in turn, limits sustainable development of aquaculture both in Russia, and in the world in general. The article presents the overview of a current status of the world industry of feed production in aquaculture, where the regional situation is studied, as well. For the first time, there is given the outlook of innovative technologies in feed production based on the alternative sources of protein (on the example of projects of leading aquabiotechnological companies) which will determine industry’s objectives for the mid-term perspective.

New challenges to the economic security of Russia and the world and counteraction methods

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 1246-1263
Author(s):  
S.B. Zainullin ◽  
O.A. Zainullina
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Economic Decline ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
The World ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Global Threat

Subject. The 2020 economic crisis has become a global threat to the economic security of States, corporations and households. The elimination of this threat to economic security is a key priority of the State. Objectives. The article is dedicated to factors of the current crisis, both individually and in aggregate, as well as forecasts of the economic development during the crisis. Methods. The study is based on the scientific knowledge as dialectic, a combination of historical and logical unity, structural analysis, traditional methods of economic analysis and synthesis. Results. We carried out the comparative analysis of crisis theories, forecasted the economic development of the IMF, the World Bank, the Audit Chamber, and considered analytical agencies in dynamics, taking into account adjustments when the crisis manifests itself. Counteraction methods are reviewed from theoretical and practical perspectives. The article also analyzed the international expertise in crisis management. Conclusions and Relevance. The economic crisis was found to be at its initial stage, with negative scenarios being more probable. Proposed and implemented, local measures can mitigate the economic decline, prevent massive bankruptcies and a social explosion. Meanwhile, measures to restructure the economic policy may contribute to overcoming the crisis. The findings can be used by federal government bodies to adjust economic policies, develop programs and strategies for the socio-economic development of regions, and economic security strategies for corporations.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document