scholarly journals Feeding leucaena to dairy cows in intensive silvopastoral systems in Colombia and Mexico

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 370-374
Author(s):  
Julián Esteban Rivera ◽  
Julián Chará ◽  
Enrique Murgueitio ◽  
Juan José Molina ◽  
Rolando Barahona
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Silvopastoral Systems ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Conventional Systems ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Milk Solids ◽  
Milk And Dairy Products

Keynote paper presented at the International Leucaena Conference, 1‒3 November 2018, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.The demand for milk and dairy products globally is expected to grow in future decades, leading to an increase in the global dairy cattle population. Therefore it is important to identify production options that both improve efficiency and help reduce negative effects on the environment. Intensive silvopastoral systems have been proposed as a sustainable strategy in the tropics to increase the availability and quality of forage throughout the year for milk production from cattle. This paper reports the effects of silvopastoral systems that include leucaena at the farm level on milk production and on the environment in both Colombia and Mexico. Evaluation of different milk production systems has shown that the leucaena-based systems increased milk production both per cow and per hectare, increased the production of milk solids, improved the fatty acid profile in the milk and resulted in environmental benefits when compared with conventional systems.

scholarly journals Incorporating leucaena into goat production systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-181
Author(s):  
Frances C. Cowley ◽  
Romana Roschinsky
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Silvopastoral Systems ◽  
Systems Research ◽  
Keynote Paper ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Worm Control ◽  
Farming Systems Research ◽  
Feeding Systems

Keynote paper presented at the International Leucaena Conference, 1‒3 November 2018, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.The integration of leucaena into goat production systems in the tropics and subtropics is reviewed. Goats are well adapted to leucaena, and able to be productive on diets containing up to 100% leucaena as a result of bacterial and hepatic detoxification. Incorporation of leucaena into goat production systems can improve liveweight gains, milk production, worm control and reproduction. Successful feeding systems for goats can be based on both grazed silvopastoral systems and cut-and-carry intensive systems, although there is a lack of farming systems research examining the integration of leucaena into goat production systems, or documentation of the practicalities of these practices.

scholarly journals Strategic deployment of riparian buffers and windbreaks in Europe can co-deliver biomass and environmental benefits

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oskar Englund ◽  
Pål Börjesson ◽  
Blas Mola-Yudego ◽  
Göran Berndes ◽  
Ioannis Dimitriou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Riparian Buffers ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Nitrogen Emissions ◽  
Environmental Objectives ◽  
Eu Policies

AbstractWithin the scope of the new Common Agricultural Policy of the European Union, in coherence with other EU policies, new incentives are developed for farmers to deploy practices that are beneficial for climate, water, soil, air, and biodiversity. Such practices include establishment of multifunctional biomass production systems, designed to reduce environmental impacts while providing biomass for food, feed, bioenergy, and other biobased products. Here, we model three scenarios of large-scale deployment for two such systems, riparian buffers and windbreaks, across over 81,000 landscapes in Europe, and quantify the corresponding areas, biomass output, and environmental benefits. The results show that these systems can effectively reduce nitrogen emissions to water and soil loss by wind erosion, while simultaneously providing substantial environmental co-benefits, having limited negative effects on current agricultural production. This kind of beneficial land-use change using strategic perennialization is important for meeting environmental objectives while advancing towards a sustainable bioeconomy.

Milk productivity of cows, quality of milk and dairy products when using natural feed additive

2020 ◽  
pp. 13-21
Author(s):  
Yu. A. Karmatskikh ◽  
N. M. Kostomakhin
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Mineral Additive ◽  
Quality Of Milk ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Milk And Dairy Products

The organization of feeding of highly productive cows is one of the most difficult tasks in dairy cattle breeding. The purpose of the work was to study the influence of natural mineral additive on the productivity, composition and some technological qualities of milk of cows of Black-and-White breed of Ural type. Research and production experiment has been carried out in CJSC “Glinki” in the Ketovsky district in the Kurgan region on Black-and-White cows. The influence of bentonite additive in the ration of highly productive cows during the period of increasing the milk yield on the composition and technological quality of milk and dairy products has been determined. In general, for the first 100 days of lactation the cows of the experimental group have produced by 191 kg more natural fat milk or 8,4 %, compared to the control group. In terms of 4 % milk from animals of the experimental group has been got by 233 kg or 9,3 % more than of the control group. The yield of milk fat in the experimental group was by 10,44 kg or 12,9 % more than the control group. The difference in milk protein yield for 100 days of lactation was 7,34 kg or 9,8 %. The economic indicators (prime-cost, profitability) of milk production when feeding the mineral additive bentonite to cows have been calculated. With an increase in the total cost of obtaining milk from cows of the experimental group, caused by higher milk yields and the purchase of bentonite, the revenue from the sale of milk from this group was by 7,83 thousand rubles or 8,4 % more. As a result, milk production from animals of the experimental group was by 3,44 % more efficient. It has been found that the inclusion of bentonite in the composition of concentrated feed in the amount of 400 g/head/day allowed to reduce their expenditure, as well as EFU and digestible protein, which ultimately provided a higher level of profitability of milk production.

scholarly journals Production, Forage Quality, and Performance of Holstein Cows under Intermittent Grazing on Tifton 85

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Valdevino Rodrigues Da Silva ◽  
Kátia Aparecida De Pinho Costa ◽  
Marco Antônio Pereira Da Silva ◽  
Edmar Soares Nicolau ◽  
Victor Costa Da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Production Parameters ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
And Performance

Tropical forage grasses compose the base diet of the Brazilian cattle herd due to their low production cost, high production potential, and good adaptation to various Brazilian ecosystems. In recent years, the search has intensified for alternatives that increase the yield in pasture milk production systems. Thus, the present study evaluated the production and quality of Tifton 85 grass in relation to the production parameters (e.g. greater leaf: stem ratio), and milk quality of Holstein cows in an intermittent grazing system during different seasons of the year. The experiment was conducted at the Córrego da Ponte Farm in Santa Helena de Goias, Goias, Brazil, from April 2014 to March 2015. The experiment used a completely randomized design with nine replicates and the four seasons (fall, winter, spring, and summer) as treatments. The Holstein cows had a live weight of 560±36.8 kg and averages four years of age. The grazing method used was a mob-stocking, with one day of grazing and 19 days of rest. The results showed that Tifton 85 was efficient regarding production parameters (total dry mass) and forage quality (IVDMD, NDF, ADF). The milk production was satisfactory during the fall, spring, and summer. The forage showed limited production during the winter, due the highest NDF, ADF levels and lower IVDMD (P < 0.05), which was directly reflected in the milk yield, fat, protein and lactose (P < 0.05). A reduction in the stocking rate or an increase in the number of paddocks is advisable during the winter to maximize milk production without compromising forage development. The correlation data showed the importance of consuming better-quality forage to increase milk production without compromising the levels of milk solids.

scholarly journals Production of laying hens in different rearing systems under hot weather

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 37677
Author(s):  
Daniel Araujo Netto ◽  
Héder José D'Ávila Lima ◽  
Julia Rodrigues Alves ◽  
Bianca Corrêa de Morais ◽  
Mauricio Silva Rosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
External Quality ◽  
Weight Variation ◽  
Randomized Design

 The environment is very important for the performance of laying hens; thus, techniques are required to improve production systems, providing better welfare for poultry and consequent increase in the quality of the final product, the egg. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of rearing system, on the floor and in cage, on the performance and egg internal and external quality of laying hens. A total of 320 Hysex Brown laying hens, with 34-43 weeks days of age, was distributed in a completely randomized design, with two treatments, floor and cage, with 10 replicates each. The parameters evaluated were: individual feed intake, egg production per replicate, feed conversion per dozen eggs, egg weight; weight and percentage participation of shell, albumen and yolk, specific gravity, body weight variation and viability of birds. The results show that the birds raised on the floor showed best results as to egg production, besides the best internal and external quality, with greater weight of egg, yolk, albumen, shell and with lower losses of eggs. Because of the negative effects of the cage system, in general, hens presented lower results when compared to results of those raised on the floor. 

The effect of grazing season length on nitrogen utilization efficiency and nitrogen balance in spring-calving dairy production systems

2012 ◽  
Vol 150 (5) ◽  
pp. 630-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. RYAN ◽  
D. HENNESSY ◽  
T. M. BOLAND ◽  
L. SHALLOO
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
N Use Efficiency ◽  
Dairy Production ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Grazing Season ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Milk Solids ◽  
N Use

SUMMARYThere is a continual requirement for grass-based production systems to optimize economic and environmental sustainability through increased efficiency in the use of all inputs, especially nitrogen (N). An N balance model was used to assess N use efficiency and N surplus, and to predict N losses from grass-based dairy production systems differing in the length of the grazing season (GS). Data from a 3-year grazing study with a 3×3 factorial design, with three turnout dates (1 February, 21 February and 15 March) and three housing dates (25 October, 10 November and 25 November) were used to generate estimates of N use efficiency and N losses. As the length of the GS increased by a mean of 30 days, milk production, milk solids production and milk N output increased by 3, 6 and 6%, respectively. The increase in milk production as the length of the GS increased resulted in a 2% decline in N surplus and a 5% increase in N use efficiency. Increasing GS length increased the proportion of grazed grass in the diet, which increased N cycling within the system, resulting in an 8% increase in milk solids/ha produced/kg of surplus N. The increased cycling of N reduced the quantity of N partitioned for loss to the environment by 8%. Reducing fertilizer N input by 20% increased N use efficiency by 22% and reduced total N losses by 16%. The environmental and production consequences of increased length of the GS and reduced N loss are favourable as the costs associated with N inputs increase.

scholarly journals Relationship between milk production system and milk traits and somatic cell counts in Brazilian Murrah buffaloes: a multivariate analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e46522
Author(s):  
Severino Benone Paes Barbosa ◽  
Elisa Cristina Modesto ◽  
Fabiana de Araújo Lopes ◽  
Elizabete Cristina da Silva ◽  
Atzel Cândido Acosta Abad
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Total Variance ◽  
Herd Health ◽  
Total Solids ◽  
Cell Counts

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the monthly milk production and quality of buffaloes from two milk production systems in the Brazilian northeast using the multivariate analysis: principal component analysis (PCA). A total of 2,506 individual milk recordings were performed in two production systems, containing information on milk production (kg day-1), fat, protein, lactose and total solids counts and somatic cell count (SCC). There were positive correlations between the fat content and the contents of total solids (TS) and protein, and of TS and protein. From the PCA, two main components (PC1 and PC2) were identified, explaining 67.71% of the total variation. The fat, protein, lactose and ST level, represented by PC1, explain 46.18% of the total variance, and were an indicator of milk nutritional quality. The CP2, composed of milk production, SCC and production systems, explains 21.53% of the total variance, and was indicative of herd health. PCA results may be useful in dairy buffalo breeding programs, and a reduced number of variables are necessary to assess the nutritional quality of milk and herd health.

Tropical and subtropical forage germplasm conservation and science on their deathbed! 1. A journey to crisis

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 198-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brigitte L Maass ◽  
Bruce C Pengelly
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Germplasm Conservation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Unique Role ◽  
Livestock Systems ◽  
Consultative Group

While interest in the potential of tropical and subtropical forage (TSTF) germplasm for improved livestock production commenced earlier, it was not until the 1950s and 1960s that plant collecting and research on diversity and utilization of grasses and legumes reached significant global momentum. The subsequent engagement in pasture and forage research by the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) centres, such as the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) and International Livestock Centre for Africa (ILCA; 1974–1995)/International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI; since 1995) from the 1970s onwards, built on the advances made by national centres in Australia, the United States of America, Kenya and elsewhere. By 1990–2000, TSTFs were recognized for contributing to a range of commercial and smallholder livestock production systems in Latin America, Australia, Southeast Asia, South Asia and Africa. However, their use, the value of further research and the need to maintain the very large and diverse collections held in international and national genebanks were challenged by this time because of perceived environmental risks, questions about whether or not past achievements could be bettered and the high costs of maintaining genebanks. Since then, the decline in investment and the quality of conservation and curation has been a relatively rapid process and reached the crisis point of today in just 20–25 years. This article traces 70 years of expansion and then decline of plant collecting, conservation, research and commercialization of TSTFs as a new commodity and examines the reasons for the sharp changes that have taken place. In a second article (this issue), the argument is made for swift and drastic action to prevent critical germplasm from being lost, to enable genebanks to play their crucial and unique role in underpinning improving production and productivity in livestock systems and to provide key germplasm tools to achieve environmental benefits.

scholarly journals Impacts of Rice Importation on Nigeria's Economy

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asiru Monday Abbas ◽  
Iye Gloria Agada ◽  
Olaoluwa Kolade
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Foreign Reserves ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Timely Access ◽  
The Government ◽  
Farm Inputs ◽  
Made In

This study critically examined the negative effects of importation of rice on the Nigerian economy. The study also took a look at various import policies embarked upon by the Nigerian government as inconsistency in policy is a major hurdle to long term investment in the rice sub-sector. Nigeria spends billions of Naira on annual basis to import rice with its attendant depletion of the nation’s foreign reserves and this study analyzed that this negative trend can be reversed as there are a lot of opportunities in the rice sector that will not only help the country to achieve self-sufficiency in rice production, but also transform the country from a net importer to an exporter of rice. In order to meet local demand, right investment has to be made in production, milling and grading (especially in the production of excellent quality rice that can replace imported rice), marketing, road infrastructure etc. It is recommended that farm inputs (fertilizers, improved quality seeds, pesticides etc.) should be heavily subsidized by the government at different levels as timely access to inputs can significantly raise the level of production and also lead to an increase in the quantity and quality of yield. Also, there has to be a consistent and business friendly government policy in the rice sub-sector in order to encourage investors. Keywords: Consumption; opportunities; policies; production; systems; tariff

scholarly journals Feed Intake, Methane Emissions, Milk Production and Rumen Methanogen Populations of Grazing Dairy Cows Supplemented with Various C 18 Fatty Acid Sources

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2380
Author(s):  
Tommy M. Boland ◽  
Karina M. Pierce ◽  
Alan K. Kelly ◽  
David A. Kenny ◽  
Mary B. Lynch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Linseed Oil ◽  
Ch4 Emissions ◽  
Grazed Pasture ◽  
Grazing Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Solids ◽  
Rumen Methanogen

Emissions of methane (CH4) from dairy production systems are environmentally detrimental and represent an energy cost to the cow. This study evaluated the effect of varying C18 fatty acid sources on CH4 emissions, milk production and rumen methanogen populations in grazing lactating dairy cows. Forty-five Holstein Friesian cows were randomly allocated to one of three treatments (n = 15). Cows were offered 15 kg dry matter (DM)/d of grazed pasture plus supplementary concentrates (4 kg DM/d) containing either stearic acid (SA), linseed oil (LO), or soy oil (SO). Cows offered LO and SO had lower pasture DM intake (DMI) than those offered SA (11.3, 11.5 vs. 12.6 kg/d). Cows offered LO and SO had higher milk yield (21.0, 21.3 vs. 19.7 kg/d) and milk protein yield (0.74, 0.73 vs. 0.67 kg/d) than those offered SA. Emissions of CH4 (245 vs. 293, 289 g/d, 12.4 vs. 15.7, 14.8 g/kg of milk and 165 vs. 207, 195 g/kg of milk solids) were lower for cows offered LO than those offered SA or SO. Methanobrevibacter ruminantium abundance was reduced in cows offered LO compared to SA. Offering supplementary concentrates containing LO can reduce enteric CH4 emissions from pasture fed dairy cows.

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