scholarly journals The First Communes in Altai (1917-1927): Economic Activity and Government Support

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-221
Author(s):  
Evgeniya Demchik ◽  
Anastasiya Savitskaya
Keyword(s):  
State Policy ◽  
Church And State ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Soviet Rule ◽  
Collective Farm ◽  
Soviet Leadership ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
Economic Motives ◽  
Guerrilla Movement

Authors analyzed the influence of state policy of the Soviet rule in 1917-1927 on the economy of communes in the Altai villages. The emergence of the first communes dates back to the end of 1917, but they were not registered. At various stages of state policy, there were many motivations for the formation of communes, but all of them can be reduced to the following: economic and non-economic motives. The creation of communes in Siberia in general and in the Altai region in particular had a number of peculiarities. Unlike the processes in the European part, where communes were created on the former landlords, allotments, church and state lands, in Altai this process took place on new uninhabited places. The mass guerrilla movement, together with a large number of refugees and displaced persons, intensified the processes of collective entities. Low degree of security of inventory and livestock of the communes (especially in the period of NEP), climatic conditions and other factors were the prerequisites to the disintegration of the Kommunar movement. The author stresses the dependence of communes from state policy of soviet leadership and concludes that the commune was a basis for further collective-farm construction of the 1930ies.

Concentration and Nitrogen Stocks in the Soils of Semi-Arid Landscapes of Kizlyar Pastures

2020 ◽  
pp. 66-74
Author(s):  
Tatiana A. Asvarova ◽  
Gasan N. Gasanov ◽  
Kabirat B. Gimbatova ◽  
Kamil M. Hajiev ◽  
Rashid R. Bashirov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Humus Horizon ◽  
Control Area ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Chestnut Soils ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Current State ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
Arid Landscapes ◽  
Semi Arid

The results of research on the current state of the nitrogen fund (reserve regime) the Kizlyar pastures. It was found that the total nitrogen ranges from 0.15-0.2 %, nitrogen easily hydrolyzed from 2.4-5.3 mg/100g in light-chestnut, meadow-chestnut soils and saline typical, and has a medium and low degree of security. The humus horizon is more enriched with nitrogen on soils of meadow-chestnut and light-chestnut compared to typical saline. N and C reserves in the soil in spring are 5.0 and 13.4 t/ha, respectively, and in autumn N and C reserves are 1.5 times lower, due to decrease the number of species and projected coverage up to 40-50% of phytocenoses in autumn, and also depends on the climatic conditions of the annual seasonality. In the control area with intensive grazing, nitrogen and carbon reserves in the soil are 1.6-1.8 times lower.

scholarly journals Government support of small businesses in the 2020 crisis conditions from the market approach viewpoint

2020 ◽  
Vol 208 ◽  
pp. 03037
Author(s):  
E.R. Zakirova ◽  
N. Yu. Lebedeva ◽  
N.V. Pogosyan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Small Business ◽  
Market Economy ◽  
State Policy ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Business Development ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Current State ◽  
Market Approach ◽  
Crisis Conditions

The paper offers a situational overview of small business as a driver of economic growth in Russia during the 2020 crisis and the main aspects of current state policy on market-based support of that sector. The analysis also highlights major barriers that have arisen lately impeding the efficiency of governmental efforts to support small business. However, new aspects stimulating business development in market economy emerge together with the obstacles.

scholarly journals Image Policy as a Tool to Increase the Competitiveness of Recreation Area

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Yachmeneva ◽  
Evgeniy Yachmenev
Keyword(s):  
International Markets ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Territorial Identity ◽  
Recreation Area ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
Historical Heritage

Image policy is a complex tool consisting of a strategy and a set of tactical measures aimed at improving the competitiveness of a recreation area and creating competitive advantages. Due to the government support and the performance of significant federal projects and social programs in the republic, there is a significant growth of popularity, loyalty and trust in tourism industry and sanatorium and resort services of Crimea in domestic and international markets. The article studies the resources that determine the territorial identity of the recreation area of the Republic of Crimea. The purpose of the study is to clarify the conceptual definitions of the image policy of the recreation region, to identify conditions, factors, objects and events that favorably affect the image of the territory. The hypothesis of the study is the assumption that the analysis of the current positioning of the Republic of Crimea in different areas of image policy will reveal the conditions, factors, objects and events that increase the competitiveness of the recreation territory and create its competitive advantages. The analysis of conditions, factors, objects and events has shown that the image of the territory is created at international, macro and meso levels. The Republic of Crimea, having been a part of the Russian Federation for seven years, has achieved significant results, as evidenced by national and international ratings. The study revealed that the Republic of Crimea, with its rich resource potential, is poorly represented in a number of ratings or is not represented at all in some significant ratings. Despite some positive trends, there is a number of problems that need to be solved immediately such as public utilities reorganization; development of entertainment industry; getting public-private partnership more involved in coastal facilities developing and maintaining. The existence and condition of objects of cultural and historical heritage, monumental parks of landscape and garden architecture, balneological resources and climatic conditions reflect territorial identity and favorably affect the image of the recreation territory.

The Religion Clauses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erwin Chemerinsky ◽  
Howard Gillman
Keyword(s):  
First Amendment ◽  
Church And State ◽  
Religious Involvement ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Pluralistic Society ◽  
Religious People ◽  
Legal Obligations ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between the government and religion is deeply divisive. With the recent changes in the composition of the Supreme Court, the First Amendment law concerning religion is likely to change dramatically in the years ahead. The Court can be expected to reject the idea of a wall separating church and state and permit much more religious involvement in government and government support for religion. The Court is also likely to expand the rights of religious people to ignore legal obligations that others have to follow, such laws that require the provision of health care benefits to employees and prohibit businesses from discriminating against people because of their sexual orientation. This book argues for the opposite and the need for separating church and state. After carefully explaining all the major approaches to the meaning of the Constitution’s Religion Clauses, the book argues that the best approaches are for the government to be strictly secular and for there to be no special exemptions for religious people from neutral and general laws that others must obey. The book argues that this separationist approach is most consistent with the concerns of the Founders who drafted the Constitution and with the needs of a religiously pluralistic society in the 21st century.

scholarly journals THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE TERRITORY OF KOLOSOVSKY DISTRICT (OMSK REGION) IN THE XVI – EARLY XX CENTURY

2018 ◽  
pp. 99-104
Author(s):  
E. V. Sokolova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
State Policy ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The State ◽  
Rural Settlement ◽  
Current Paper ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
History Of

The current paper features the peculiarities of colonization of the Kolosovsky district of the Omsk region in the 16th – early 20th centuries. The author integrally approaches the study of this process, analyzing the main ways of settling and economic development of the area. Considerable attention is paid to the factors that conditioned the process of development of the territory. The formation of the rural settlement network of the district, in many ways, was determined by the vectors of state policy, in particular, the policy of resettlement of peasants from the country's low-land regions. Favorable geographical and climatic conditions, the presence of the river artery made the territory of the Kolosovsky district attractive for settlers, who both established their own settlements and settled in old-timer villages. The history of the region is considered in the mainstream of the history of the state, taking territorial features into account. The article outlines the stages of development of the territory, characterizes each of them, by emphasizing the economic activity development. The author gives specific dates for the formation of villages, analyzing the available foundation versions.

scholarly journals “A Deplorable Speech”: The Liberal Party vs. Anti-Catholicism during the Alexander Mackenzie Administration, 1873–1878

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-216
Author(s):  
James Forbes
Keyword(s):  
State Policy ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Prime Minister ◽  
Church And State ◽  
Political Influence ◽  
Roman Catholic ◽  
Liberal Party ◽  
Party Leaders

After decades of raising the “no popery” cry and fighting for the strict separation of church and state, Canada’s Liberal Party leaders began in the 1870s to distance themselves from their previous reputation for anti-Catholicism and from their hardline approach to church-state policy. This article examines the Alexander Mackenzie administration’s response to the Argenteuil Speech of 1875, in which Liberal cabinet minister Lucius Huntington called for all Protestants to unite with liberal Catholics to challenge the Roman Catholic Church’s rising political influence in Canada. Although several prominent Protestants applauded the speech, and Prime Minister Mackenzie himself privately admitted his agreement, the administration publicly condemned the speech as anti-Catholic and effectively crushed Huntington’s vision for the party. By forcing the party leaders to choose between their historic principles and their broader electoral appeal, Huntington’s “deplorable speech” facilitated a turning point in the Liberal Party’s approach to religious matters.

scholarly journals State Policy Financial Support of Development of Agricultural Sector

2021 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
pp. 02052
Author(s):  
Tatiana Ponedilchuk ◽  
Igor Paska ◽  
Victoria Novikova ◽  
Larisa Satyr ◽  
Ruslana Zadorozhna
Keyword(s):  
State Policy ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Innovation Process ◽  
Value Added ◽  
The State ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Financial Policy ◽  
Policy Action ◽  
Budget Support

Research background: The current state and main directions of state policy of financial security of agriculture production based on the evaluation of financial results of entities that are defined by a set of financial and economic indicators. The problems and prospects of the state policy on directions and volumes of budget support to the agricultural sector by analyzing the content and scope of government support. Despite some positive trends in the development of agriculture of Ukraine, one of its main problems is the lack of funding from the state. Purpose of the article: The purpose of the study is to identify the according financial policy action for financial providing agricultural production for basic analysis of indicators of its financial and economic development, and identifying key targets for economic growth of the industry. Methods: The methods of monitoring stаtе rеgulаtion of finаnciаl support for thе dеvеlopmеnt of аgriculturаl sеctor are: information-analytical, information-statistical, sociological, geo-information. Findings & Value added: State financial policy should direct participants in financial relations to implement political, social and economic targets, defining goals and ways to achieve it. The state should play a key role in the innovation process and address its effects on the financial support of research and development and act big, and sometimes the main investor in the new knowledge and technology.

scholarly journals Leaflets and appeals of the central committee of the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Belarus to the Soviet citizens in German-occupied Belarus

2019 ◽  
pp. 27-35
Author(s):  
Eugeniusz Mironowicz
Keyword(s):  
Communist Party ◽  
Central Committee ◽  
Soviet Leadership ◽  
The People ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The One ◽  
Guerrilla Movement

The analysis of the content of the appeal leaflets was to show what the Soviet leadership set for the people responsible for propaganda. The image of the enemy presented to the Belarusian society convinced them to uncompromising fight. The propaganda also left no doubt that any work strengthening the occupants’ potential was a betrayal of the Soviet homeland. It reminded that the loyalty of the inhabitants of occupied Belarus should be shown only to the Soviet authorities. The one more goal of the research was to show the effects of propaganda work. They were clearly visible. This was manifested by a powerful guerrilla movement on the territory of the republic and a small, compared to neighboring republics Lithuania and Ukraine, implementation of imposed standards for the supply of labor to Germany and food contingents.

Stakeholder Strategy to Lessen Agriculture Distress

2020 ◽  
pp. 44-65
Author(s):  
Mukund Deshpande ◽  
Neeta Baporikar
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Mixed Method ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Government Support ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mixed Method Approach ◽  
The Past ◽  
Farmer Suicides ◽  
Stable Solutions ◽  
Method Approach

Agriculture distress is a reality. Hence, the phenomenon of farmer suicides continues. This is, in spite of government support through financial aids. On the other hand, climatic conditions have undergone huge change and enhanced natural calamities like drought or floods. Thus, farmers' life is at stake and these natural calamities make it further difficult to repay the debts they avail for cultivating farming. Statistics reflect an increase in farmers suicide in the past two years. This is a cause of worry and may further increase if proper, and effective solutions are not in place. The issue is serious. Hence, there is a dire need to look into and act on priority to find stable solutions. Instead of granting repetitive financial packages, the need is to adopt suitable schemes. Hence, adopting a mixed-method approach with an in-depth literature review, the chapter aims to propose a stakeholder strategy to lessen agriculture distress. This is not mandatory, but adoption is likely to benefit a large number of poor farmers.

Unity, Pluralism, and the Spiritual Market-Place: Interdenominational Competition in the Early American Republic

1996 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 297-335
Author(s):  
Richard Carwardine
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Church And State ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Religious Support ◽  
Market Place ◽  
Early American ◽  
Unique Character ◽  
New Churches ◽  
New Nation

Following independence, Americans’ sense of the special status of their new nation drew succour not merely from their republican experiment but from the unique character of the nation’s religious life. Even before the Revolution Americans had witnessed an extraordinary proliferation of sects and churches, to a degree unparalleled in any single European state, as ethnic diversity increased and the mid-eighteenth-century revivals split churches and multiplied congregations. The Congregationalist establishment in New England and Anglican power in the middle and southern colonies uneasily confronted energetic dissenting minorities, including Scotch-Irish Presbyterians, English Baptists, and German Lutheran and Reformed groups. After 1776 it took some time to define a new relationship between church and state. Colonial habits of thought persisted and prompted schemes of multiple establishment or government support for religion in general. The Virginia Act for Establishing Religious Freedom in 1786 and, five years later, the First Amendment to the Federal Constitution did not succeed wholly in eliminating state authority from the sphere of religion; indeed, residual establishments persisted in Connecticut until 1818 and in Massachusetts until 1833. Yet an important shift was under way towards a ‘voluntary’ system of religious support, in which governmental authority in religion was replaced by increased authority for self-sustaining denominational bodies. After 1790 ecclesiastical institutions grew at an extraordinary pace, shaping the era labelled by historians the ‘Second Great Awakening’. As Jon Butler has reminded us, some 50,000 new churches were built in America between 1780 and 1860, sacralizing the landscape with steeples and graveyards and creating a heterogeneous presence that drew streams of European visitors curious to evaluate the effects of America’s unique experiment in ‘voluntarism’. By 1855 over four million of the country’s twenty-seven million people were members of one of over forty Protestant denominations, most of them recognizable by name as churches with an Old World ancestry but with features which made them distinctively American. Additionally, there were over one million Catholics.

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