scholarly journals The Object of Russian Criminology

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-384
Author(s):  
Lev Prozumentov ◽  
Alexander Shesler
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Natural Consequence ◽  
Action Mechanism ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
The Social ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Causes Of Crime ◽  
Prevention Of Crime

The authors analyze the content of the object of criminology, which includes criminality, criminalization of actions, decriminalization of actions, the personality of the criminal, determinants of crime, criminological prevention of crime. They support the definition of criminality according to which it is a social (socially dangerous, relatively mass, historically changing) and criminal law phenomenon that includes a system-forming aggregate of crimes and persons who have committed them in a certain territory within a certain period of time. The authors believe that the object of criminology should include the criminological conditionality of the existence or the change of the criminal law prohibition, while the object of the science of criminal law should include the social conditionality of establishing the criminal law prohibition as well as the legislative methodology of criminalizing and decriminalizing actions. It is stated in the article that the best approach to the personality of the criminal views this personality as an aggregate of social, biological and psychological qualities of the person who has committed a crime. The authors stress that the existence of criminality should be explained from deterministic positions which make it possible to show the diverse influence of many social phenomena on criminality. Criminality originates from its causes as a natural consequence, the conditions form or contribute to the emergence of the causes of crime, the factors create a certain favorable background for the existence of criminality. The authors describe changes in the action mechanism of general social determinants of crime under the influence of globalization. They begin to exercise their negative influence on a person not through small social groups in which socialization takes place, but directly, especially though the Internet. The authors state that the object of criminology is the criminological prevention of crime in the form of coercion not connected with the implementation of criminal law measures, as well as in the form of protecting the rights and lawful interests of a person and providing social and legal support.

scholarly journals HISTORY OF DEVELOPING THE CONCEPT OF «LARGE SOCIAL GROUPS». PART 1: PERIOD FROM THE MID-19th CENTURY TO THE MID-1930-Х YEARS OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY DEVELOPMENT

2020 ◽  
pp. 390-418
Author(s):  
Ю.В. Ковалева
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Psychological Study ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
Two Stages

Представлен историографический анализ развития понятия большие социальные группы и историко-психологический анализ социальных феноменов , связанных с массовыми общественными явлениями в России. Сформулированы актуальные проблемы психологии больших социальных групп, к которым относятся неоднородность оснований для их выделения, недостаточная дифференцированность со сходными понятиями, неравномерность исследований в различные временные периоды и идеологическая нагруженность их разработки. Данная работа была ответом на необходимость восполнения знаний о процессах в таких группах, происходивших в различные исторические периоды развития социальной психологии, с соответствующим им уровнем научного осмысления, а также обобщением этой целостной картины на уровне современного понимания и формулировка перспективных направлений исследований. Целью исследования является установление связи между определением и основными свойствами понятия «большие социальные группы» (его синонимов, аналогов) и особенностями социальной ситуации в определенный период времени, а также реконструкция социальных процессов данного исторического этапа. Проверялась гипотеза о том, что большие социальные группы как феномены социальной жизни формировались в соответствии с историческим временем, а соответствующее им понятие и его свойства с одной стороны отвечали уровню развития гуманитарного знания, а с другой - пытались удовлетворить общественный и политический запрос в объяснении и управлении социальной ситуацией. Использовались методы историографии социальной психологии и психолого-исторической реконструкции . Первая часть статьи посвящена анализу первых двух этапов развития социальной психологии - с середины XIX до начала XX вв. и в 1920-е гг. XX в. The historiographic analysis of the development of the concept of large social groups and historical and psychological study of social phenomena associated with mass social phenomena was presented. Topical problems of the psychology of large social groups are formulated, including heterogeneity of the grounds for their isolation, insufficient differentiation with similar concepts, uneven research in various periods, and ideological loading of the history of its development. The study's main problem was the need to replenish the processes in such groups that took place in various historical periods of social psychology development as well as a synthesis of this holistic picture at the level of modern understanding and the formulation of promising areas of research. The study's purpose was to establish a connection between the definition and the basic properties of the concept of "large social groups" (and its synonyms, analogs) and the peculiarities of the social situation in a certain period, as well as the reconstruction of social processes of this historical segment. The hypothesis was tested that large social groups as phenomena of social life were formed under the past time. The concept and its properties were corresponding to them, on the one hand, compared to the level of development of humanitarian knowledge. On the other, they tried to satisfy the social and political requests to understand and manage the social situation. Methods of the historiography of the history of social psychology and psychological and historical reconstruction were used. The article's first part was devoted to the analysis of the early two stages of the development of social psychology - from the middle of the XIX to the beginning of the XX centuries and 1920 of the XX century.

scholarly journals Problems of the Criminal Law Assessment of Involvement in Prostitution and the Organization of This Activity Through the Use or the Threat of Violence

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 941-950
Author(s):  
Oleg Gribunov ◽  
Gennady Nebratenko ◽  
Evgeny Bezruchko ◽  
Elena Millerova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Sex Industry ◽  
Social Phenomenon ◽  
Multiple Dimensions ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Sexual Services

The authors examine the specific features of criminal law assessment of involvement in prostitution and the organization of this activity through the use or the threat of violence. At the beginning, they stress the urgency of counteracting the social phenomenon of prostitution, analyze the very concept of «prostitution», its debatable and problematic aspects, because it is impossible to offer a correct qualification of criminal actions connected with prostitution (crimes under Art. 240 and 241 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation) without determining the boundaries of providing sexual services specifically referring to the term «prostitution». It is concluded that the key problem for determining the scope of sexual actions described by the term «prostitution» is the lack of an official definition of this term in Russian legislation as well as a wide variety of services in the modern sex industry. The authors state that the understanding of prostitution as a historical social phenomenon as a situation when a woman provides sexual services to different men by performing sexual acts with them for previously discussed material compensation is outdated and does not reflect the multiple dimensions of modern prostitution. While researching the issues of qualifying criminal acts connected with prostitution and involving the use or the threat of violence within the framework of this article, the authors have analyzed the work of both Russian and foreign scholars and studied examples of investigation and court practice. They examine the problems of legal assessment of criminal law categories «violence» and «the threat of using violence» regarding publically dangerous actions connected with the involvement in prostitution and the organization of this activity. The authors present the criteria of differentiating between corpus delicti where such actions are criminally punishable and other corpus delicti, as well as the cases that require qualification for multiple crimes. The results of this research allowed the authors to work out and present recommendations on qualifying criminal actions connected with prostitution and involving the use of the threat of violence.

Ontology

2021 ◽  
pp. 194-199
Author(s):  
Eric Fabri
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Scientific Realism ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Social Ontology ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Modes Of Existence ◽  
Objective Existence

This chapter addresses ontology, which is the branch of philosophy concerned with the nature of being. As a branch of metaphysics, ontology is mainly concerned with the modes of existence of different entities (tangible and intangible). Every subdiscipline in the social sciences relies on an ontology that defines which elements really matter when it comes to explaining the phenomenon they set out to elucidate. A specific branch of ontology is devoted to the modes of existence of social phenomena: social ontology. Two main positions emerge: realism and constructivism. Scientific realism assumes that social phenomena have an objective existence, independent of the subject. By contrast, constructivism claims that social phenomena have no objective existence and are a construction of the human mind. Its fundamental axiom is that, even if reality exists outside the subject’s perception, the subject cannot reach it without perceiving it. This implies the mediation of imaginary structures, which are provided by social groups. It is important to note, however, that many other positions exist apart from realism and constructivism.

Criminal and legal characteristics of criminal intent

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Veresha
Keyword(s):  
Mental Image ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Social ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Criminal Intent ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Subjective Aspect ◽  
Causes Of Crime ◽  
The Right

Purpose This paper aims to consider the problems related to criminal legal characteristics of the crime objective and to analyze specific features of the crime objective as the subjective aspect of crime. Design/methodology/approach Research methodology used in studying the criminal legal characteristics of the crime objective was based on the dialectical method of scientific cognition of the social and legal phenomena, its laws and categories. The author used general scientific research methods, systematic, historical, logical and functional, and observation, analysis, comparison and the empirical sociological method. Findings Definition of the crime objective as one of the subjective aspects related to the socially dangerous act will be helpful to detect the real causes of crime and to apply the right type and term of punishment. The crime objective should be understood as the important, well-defined features of conscious mental image of the future desired result, which determines the orientation and order of various actions aimed at crime commitment. Originality/value The paper substantiated the need to determine crime objective as one of the signs of the subjective aspect of crime. This will reveal the real causes of crime and apply the right type and term of punishment. It was established that the crime objective was a psychological phenomenon, and the question of its analysis and study had to be settled with regard to psychology and criminology, which will influence its cognition. The paper provided a definition of crime objective. Based on a scientific approach to the theoretical definition of the objective in the criminal law and the place in the subjective aspect of crime, the author presumed that crime objective had to be regarded as an optional feature of the subjective aspect of crime.

scholarly journals DOBRYNYA NIKITICH AND HIS TIME: HISTORIOGRAPHY AND PROSPECTS OF STUDYING THE IMAGE OF THE EPIC HERO

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 565-573
Author(s):  
S.V. Kozlovsky
Keyword(s):  
Social Practice ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Historical Study ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Epic Hero ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Written Sources

Historical memory in texts and practices manifests itself ambiguously. It is not always possible to believe even written sources. Epic tradition was lucky - there are many versions of epic texts that have passed the test of time, eliminated all that was considered implausible. But the epics also experienced the negative influence of time, which manifested itself in the addition, rethinking, loss of certain parts of the text. Therefore, their historical study is impossible without reconstruction, the definition of texts on the time of appearance and connection with the social practice of the corresponding period. There is a gap between the epics and Chronicles, reflecting the difference in the perception of events, but they are connected by a common social practice, historical entourage, able to show the belonging of the epics to a certain time and space. The era’s entourage is most connected with the image of the hero. The article considers the attempts and prospects of studying the epic era on the example of the image of Dobrynya Nikitich.

scholarly journals Definition and classification of crime for calculation of its social consequences (cost)

2020 ◽  
pp. 44-59
Author(s):  
Pavel Sergeevich Mordovin
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Cost Of Crime ◽  
The Social ◽  
Definition Of

The scientific community still does not have uniformity with regards to the definition of crime, although this concept is crucial in criminology, without which the existence and development of this science is impossible. Crime is a multifaceted phenomenon; thus, its examination within the framework of a single science does not reflect all of the aspects. The author examines various existing approaches towards the definition of crime; analyzes the concepts of natural criminal and the counter-theories. The question of the immanence of crime is explored. However, it does not seem possible to determine the only reasonable viewpoint and deny the rational kernel of other approaches. The analysis of the existing concepts and approaches towards definition of crime once again demonstrates the controversy of the question. Therefore, the analysis of opinions allows concluding on the need for classification crime, including via specific understanding of this concept. Such classification sufficiently reflects the extent of current public awareness of the criminal law, while retaining semantic load from the perspective of criminology. It also prompts the development of research on the social consequences (cost) of crime, since namely this approach seems logical for calculation of the social consequences (cost) of crime.

Perspectives on Teaching: A Space for Reflection on the Sociopolitical Nature of Doing

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1017-1022
Author(s):  
Isabel Cristina Rincón Rodríguez ◽  
◽  
Jorge E. Chaparro Medina ◽  
José Gregorio Noroño Sánchez ◽  
Marcela Garzón Posada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Professional Practice ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Student Interaction ◽  
The Political ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Training Performance ◽  
Teacher Student ◽  
The Social ◽  
Teaching Learning

In the exercise of teaching, teachers give account of different forms of organization: emerging, self-managed and autonomous product of conceptions that arise from training, performance and experiences where the socio-political nature of both his being and individual that integrates and makes part of social groups, as in the exercise of professional practice. Under this horizon, the aim of this work is to analyze from the social function of the teacher the sociopolitical role of their task as far as the political vision has, ability to understand social problems and generate actions for which is part of a frame of reference where the concepts that allow to develop theoretical analysis to identify the sociopolitical expression of the teaching exercise are exposed, considering that in this practice this type of content is revealed in the teachers as actors of the teaching-learning process, both in the training in their performance based on the training they receive, the historical geographical relationship and the experiences that their activity provides them with what has framed this work. It is concluded that in the exercise of teaching work are present sociopolitical categories that affect both the understanding of social phenomena and the pretense of practical actions that transform these realities from the institution-teacher-student interaction.

International Criminal Law and Transitional Justice in Brazil

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 509-534
Author(s):  
Maria Ereza Rocha de Assis Moura ◽  
Fabíola Girão Monteconrado ◽  
Marcos Zilli
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Transitional Justice ◽  
International Criminal ◽  
International Criminal Law ◽  
Military Dictatorship ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Interpretation ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Military

AbstractIn the Brazilian legal system there is no tradition in recognising the applicability of international criminal law over domestic law. In two cases judged by the STF, the Haximu Massacre and Siegfried Ellwanger, only tangential questions were addressed. In the first, the arguments concentrated on examining the legal definition of the crime of genocide and its distinction from homicide. In the second, the questions revolved around the social, historical, and political interpretation of the word "race" in the judgment of a defendant who had published anti-Semitic and "revisionist" books and articles about the Holocaust. Brazil has also demonstrated itself to be somewhat refractory in incorporating the principles of international criminal law when examining the Justice of Transition. In a recent decision, the STF affirmed the constitutionality of Law No. 6,683/79, which granted amnesty to the perpetrators of political crimes and the public agents responsible for torture and the forced disappearance of people during the military dictatorship. In summary, the Justices recognised as valid the political agreement that led to the promulgation of the Amnesty Law in such a way that any alteration of its terms could only be made by the National Congress.

Pensée 3: The Modernity of the Arabs

2009 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred Halliday
Keyword(s):  
Social Groups ◽  
Public Debate ◽  
Strong Tendency ◽  
Modern History ◽  
Normative Claim ◽  
Arab Nationalism ◽  
Political Force ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of

The study of Arab nationalism, and indeed of all nationalisms, is beset with particular problems. One is the imprecision of the main concepts involved, starting with the definition of nation. Another is the confusion, inherent in the very word “nationalism,” between two quite different objects of study—nationalism as a movement, as a social and political force, and nationalism as an ideology. The first allows objective, historical analyses of how a particular movement arose and developed in such and such a country, of the social groups that supported and/or opposed it, and, not least, of how states have sought to define and utilize it. The second is an aspiration, an ideological and normative claim, one with a strong tendency to control public debate; it has an inherent tendency to distort the history of the supposed “nation.” The special claims nationalists make for their particular nation cause a third problem: although modern history has yielded hundreds of cases of nationalism, as movement and ideology, nationalism occasions analysis that is singular, treating the nation in question as unique and avoiding comparison.

scholarly journals Hindu Religion And Traditional Performing Arts In The Development Of Tourism In Bali

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
I Gusti Ngurah Seramasara
Keyword(s):  
Performing Arts ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Hindu Religion ◽  
The Social ◽  
Cultural Ideology ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Performing Art ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Religion and traditional performing arts in Bali are two fields that are not separated as cultural identities that make Bali famous in the eyes of the world and admired as being able to create peace and prosperity. Based on consideration of Hinduism and the traditional performing arts, tourists arrive to visit Bali. Therefore this paper aims to analyze the relationship between Hinduism and traditional performing arts and its relation to tourism development, as well as the impact it has on the social phenomena of Balinese society. There is an interest in maintaining the relationship of Hinduism with traditional performing arts as part of a whole religious ceremony with the development of tourism, but there is a very strong stream of commercialization, which can destabilize the relationship between Hinduism and the life of the performing arts. This inequality is a problem that needs to be studied because it is not uncommon for the packaging of sacred art to become a tourist art, thereby reducing the importance of traditional performing arts’ sacredness. The effort to counteract the aforementioned problem will be the main focus that will be studied in this paper. The method used to examine the problems above is qualitative research methods based on the historical paradigm. The historical paradigm understands changes through sources, documents, artifacts, texts on performing arts and observations and interviews in connection with the current conditions. As an analytical tool, the concepts of ideology, communication and acceptance are used. The results of this writing indicate that there is a cultural ideology, namely the classification of performing art and the concept of cultural tourism to counteract the negative influence of tourism on Hindu religious life and Balinese culture.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document