Problem of the Techno-subject: On the Subjectivity of “Entity-Constructors”

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1-1) ◽  
pp. 130-150
Author(s):  
Vladimir Ignatyev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Actor Network Theory ◽  
Transitional Zone ◽  
Alternative Form ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Artificial System ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Object Oriented Ontology

The article is devoted to the analysis of one of the most critical points of our time - the crisis of human subjectivity caused by the emergence of an alternative form of agent of social life in society - a techno-object with artificial intelligence and signs of subjectivity. The author’s goal is to justify the possibility of interpreting the nature of these devices as subject-like objects. The study is based on the explication of the concepts of the subject and subjectivity contained in both classical theories and the actor-network theory and related approaches (B. Latour, J. Law, A. Mol), in the object-oriented ontology of G. Harman, ‘onticology’ of Levi R. Bryant, theories of assemblage of M. DeLanda and complexity of E.Morin, in the concepts of the machine unconscious N. Land and techno-subject V. Mazin. An integrated characterization of a person as a subject is used: an individual being with active beginning, physicality, physicality and length, consciousness, personality characteristics and self-awareness. The criteria for categorizing some techno-objects as a type of techno-subject: autonomy and intelligence are introduced. Such techno-objects are artificial entities, assemblies, ready for transformation into techno-subjects. The difference between ‘weak’ techno-subjects (without artificial intelligence) and techno-subjects themselves (with artificial intelligence) is discussed. It is claimed that techno-subjects, genetically remaining technical entities, are in the transitional zone from one entity – ‘entity-constructor’ to another - organic techno-matter, similar to man. Accumulating components and functions of an active artificial system, techno-objects acquire the quality of subjectivity. It has been established that the artificial entity-subject manifests itself (a) in passive entity-actants; (b) in active proto-subject entities; and (c) actually in ‘entity-constructor’ - techno-subjects with the ability to integrate data, analyze it in a situation of uncertainty, reprogramming themselves and creating new algorithms.

Analisis Karakterisasi Teknologi Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Dan Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-138
Author(s):  
Fawzan Galib Abdul Karim Bawahab ◽  
Elvan Yuniarti ◽  
Edi Kurniawan
Keyword(s):  
Spread Spectrum ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Multiple Access ◽  
Frequency Hopping ◽  
Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum ◽  
Direct Sequence ◽  
Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum ◽  
Two Systems ◽  
The Difference

Abstrak. Pada penelitian ini, telah dilakukan analisa karakterisasi pada teknologi Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum dan Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum, sebagai salah satu teknik multiple-access pada sistem komunikasi. Karakterisasi dilakukan untuk mencari bagaimana cara meningkatkan keoptimalan kedua sistem tersebut, dalam mengatasi masalah interferensi dengan sistem dan channel yang sama. Dan juga untuk menentukan veriabel apa yang mempengaruhi keoptimalan kedua sistem tersebut. Karakterisasi dilakukan dengan menentukan variabel-variabel yang mempengaruhi keoptimalan keduanya. Hasil dari karakterisasi, diketahui variabel-variabel yang mempengaruhi kemampuan sistem DSSS yaitu nilai frekuensi spreading (). Sedangkan untuk sistem FHSS yaitu nilai frekuensi spreading ( dan ) dan selisih antara frekuensi hopping data dengan frekuensi hopping interferensi . Kata Kunci: BER, DSSS, FHSS, Interference, Spread spectrum. Abstract. In this study, characterization of Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum and Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum technologies have been done, as one of the multiple-access techniques in communication systems. Characterization is done to find out how to improve the ability of the two systems, in solving interference problems with the same system and channel. And also to determine what veriabel affects the ability of the two systems. Characterization is done by determining the variables that affect the ability of both. The results of the characterization, known variables that affect the ability of the DSSS system are the spreading frequency value (). As for the FHSS system, the spreading frequency value ( and ) and the difference between frequency hopping data with frequency hopping interference .

Artificial intelligence and the management transformation

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 600-612
Author(s):  
L.F. Nikulin ◽  
V.V. Velikorossov ◽  
S.A. Filin ◽  
A.B. Lanchakov
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
Process Integration ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Scientific School ◽  
Strategic Culture ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
And Training

Subject. The article discusses how management transforms as artificial intelligence gets more important in governance, production and social life. Objectives. We identify and substantiate trends in management transformation as artificial intelligence evolves and gets more important in governance, production and social life. The article also provides our suggestions for management and training of managers dealing with artificial intelligence. Methods. The study employs methods of logic research, analysis and synthesis through the systems and creative approach, methodology of technological waves. Results. We analyzed the scope of management as is and found that threats and global challenges escalate due to the advent of artificial intelligence. We provide the rationale for recognizing the strategic culture as the self-organizing system of business process integration. We suggest and substantiate the concept of soft power with reference to strategic culture, which should be raised, inter alia, through the scientific school of conflict studies. We give our recommendations on how management and training of managers should be improved in dealing with artificial intelligence as it evolves. The novelty hereof is that we trace trends in management transformation as the role of artificial intelligence evolves and growth in governance, production and social life. Conclusions and Relevance. Generic solutions are not very effective for the Russian management practice during the transition to the sixth and seventh waves of innovation. Any programming product represents artificial intelligence, which simulates a personality very well, though unable to substitute a manager in motivating, governing and interacting with people.

CHARACTERIZATION OF RELIGIOUS STYLE AS A FUNCTIONAL STYLE IN LINGUISTICS

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 236-242
Author(s):  
Barnokhon Kushakova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Religious Language ◽  
Religious Texts ◽  
World Outlook ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
The Creation

This article discusses the conditions, reasons and factors of characterization of religious style as a functional style in the field of linguistics. In addition, religious style and its main peculiarities, its importance in the social life, and the functional features of religious style are highlighted in the article. As a result of our investigation, the following results were obtained: a) the increase in the need for the creation and significance of religious language, particularly religious texts has been scientifically proved; b) the possibility of religious texts to represent the thoughts of the people, culture and world outlook has been verified; c) the specificity of religious language, religious texts has been revealed; d) the development of religious style as a functional style has been grounded.

Konsep Distribusi Pendapatan Dalam Islam

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-97
Author(s):  
Moh. Ah. Subhan ZA
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Wealth Distribution ◽  
The State ◽  
Private Property Rights ◽  
Job Opportunities ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Distribution Of Income

The main problem of social life in the community is about how to make the allocation and distribution of income well. Inequality and poverty basically arise not because of the difference of anyone’s strength and weakness in getting livelihood, but because of inappropriate distribution mechanism. With the result that wealth treasure just turns on the rich wealthy, which is in turn, results in the rich get richer and the poor get poorer.Therefore, a discussion on distribution becomes main focus of theory of Islamic economics. Moreover, the discussion of the distribution is not only related to economic issues, but also social and political aspects. On the other side, the economic vision of Islam gives priority to the guarantee of the fulfillment of a better life. Islam emphasizes distributive justice and encloses, in its system, a program for the redistribution of wealth and prosperity, so that each individual is guaranteed with a respectable and friendly standard of living. Islam recognizes private property rights, but the private property rights must be properly distributed. The personal property is used for self and family livelihood, for investment of the working capital, so that it can provide job opportunities for others, for help of the others through zakat, infaq, and shodaqoh. In this way, the wealth not only rotates on the rich, bringing on gap in social life.The problem of wealth distribution is closely related to the welfare of society. Therefore, the state has a duty to regulate the distribution of income in order that the distribution can be fair and reaches appropriate target. The state could at least attempt it by optimizing the role of BAZ (Badan Amil Zakat) and LAZ (Lembaga Amil Zakat) which has all this time been slack. If BAZ and LAZ can be optimized, author believes that inequality and poverty over time will vanish. This is because the majority of Indonesia's population is Muslim.

Characterization of the surface of hydrodesulphurization catalysts by adsorption of hydrocarbons

1984 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 410-420
Author(s):  
Eva Hillerová ◽  
Miroslav Zdražil
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulphide ◽  
Chromatographic Method ◽  
Supported Catalysts ◽  
Alumina Surface ◽  
Reversible Adsorption ◽  
The Difference

Reversible adsorption of heptane and benzene on model and industrial hydrodesulphurization molybdena catalysts has been studied by elution chromatographic method at 150 °C. An increase in the adsorption of heptane on sulphidation of adsorbents was small for Al2O3 and great for MoO3. Supported catalysts behaved as mixture of Al2O3 and MoO3.The portion of surface which can be transformed by sulphidation into MoS2 ranged from 0 to 65% for individual commercial catalysts, as determined from the change in heptane adsorption after sulphidation of a given sample. The polarity of catalysts, including their acidity, was estimated from the difference between adsorption of benzene and heptane. The polarity of model and industrial catalysts in oxidic form was similar to that of alumina in most cases. The decrease in the polarity after sulphidation of the adsorbents was small for Al2O3 and great for MoO3. The decrease in polarity resulting from sulphidation of supported catalysts was relatively small, since the reaction of MoO3 monolayer with hydrogen sulphide leads to partial reformation of the alumina surface. The acidity of supported sulphided hydrodesulphurization catalysts has been shown by this method to be comparable with the acidity of the support itself.

Synthesis and characterization of a series of 1-methyl-4-[2-aryl-1-diazenyl]piperazines and a series of ethyl 4-[2-aryl-1-diazenyl]-1-piperazinecarboxylates

2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (8) ◽  
pp. 1294-1303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Renée Little ◽  
Keith Vaughan
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Chemical Shifts ◽  
Linear Free Energy Relationship ◽  
Piperazine Ring ◽  
Linear Free Energy ◽  
In Series ◽  
Methylene Groups ◽  
Diazonium Coupling ◽  
The Difference

1-Methylpiperazine was coupled with a series of diazonium salts to afford the 1-methyl-4-[2-aryl-1-diazenyl]piperazines (2), a new series of triazenes, which have been characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. Assignment of the chemical shifts to specific protons and carbons in the piperazine ring was facilitated by comparison with the chemical shifts in the model compounds piperazine and 1-methylpiperazine and by a HETCOR experiment with the p-tolyl derivative (2i). A DEPT experiment with 1-methylpiperazine (6) was necessary to distinguish the methyl and methylene groups in 6, and a HETCOR spectrum of 6 enabled the correlation of proton and carbon chemical shifts. Line broadening of the signals from the ring methylene protons is attributed to restricted rotation around the N2-N3 bond of the triazene moiety in 2. The second series of triazenes, the ethyl 4-[2-phenyl-1-diazenyl]-1-piperazinecarboxylates (3), have been prepared by similar diazonium coupling to ethyl 1-piperazinecarboxylate and were similarly characterized. The chemical shifts of the piperazine ring protons are much closer together in series 3 than in series 2, resulting in distortion of the multiplets for these methylenes. It was noticed that the difference between these chemical shifts in 3 exhibited a linear free energy relationship with the Hammett substituent constants for the substituents in the aryl ring. Key words: triazene, piperazine, diazonium coupling, NMR, HETCOR, linear free energy relationship.

scholarly journals Does higher education properly prepare graduates for the growing artificial intelligence market? Gaps identification using text mining

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Lamiae Benhayoun ◽  
Daniel Lang
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Natural Language Processing ◽  
Text Mining ◽  
Natural Language ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Academic Training ◽  
Market Requirements ◽  
Job Advertisements ◽  
The Individual

BACKGROUND: The renewed advent of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is inducing profound changes in the classic categories of technology professions and is creating the need for new specific skills. OBJECTIVE: Identify the gaps in terms of skills between academic training on AI in French engineering and Business Schools, and the requirements of the labour market. METHOD: Extraction of AI training contents from the schools’ websites and scraping of a job advertisements’ website. Then, analysis based on a text mining approach with a Python code for Natural Language Processing. RESULTS: Categorization of occupations related to AI. Characterization of three classes of skills for the AI market: Technical, Soft and Interdisciplinary. Skills’ gaps concern some professional certifications and the mastery of specific tools, research abilities, and awareness of ethical and regulatory dimensions of AI. CONCLUSIONS: A deep analysis using algorithms for Natural Language Processing. Results that provide a better understanding of the AI capability components at the individual and the organizational levels. A study that can help shape educational programs to respond to the AI market requirements.

scholarly journals Grounding semantic transparency in context

Morphology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rossella Varvara ◽  
Gabriella Lapesa ◽  
Sebastian Padó
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Distributional Semantics ◽  
Semantic Transparency ◽  
Inclusion Measure ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Semantic Point ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractWe present the results of a large-scale corpus-based comparison of two German event nominalization patterns: deverbal nouns in -ung (e.g., die Evaluierung, ‘the evaluation’) and nominal infinitives (e.g., das Evaluieren, ‘the evaluating’). Among the many available event nominalization patterns for German, we selected these two because they are both highly productive and challenging from the semantic point of view. Both patterns are known to keep a tight relation with the event denoted by the base verb, but with different nuances. Our study targets a better understanding of the differences in their semantic import.The key notion of our comparison is that of semantic transparency, and we propose a usage-based characterization of the relationship between derived nominals and their bases. Using methods from distributional semantics, we bring to bear two concrete measures of transparency which highlight different nuances: the first one, cosine, detects nominalizations which are semantically similar to their bases; the second one, distributional inclusion, detects nominalizations which are used in a subset of the contexts of the base verb. We find that only the inclusion measure helps in characterizing the difference between the two types of nominalizations, in relation with the traditionally considered variable of relative frequency (Hay, 2001). Finally, the distributional analysis allows us to frame our comparison in the broader coordinates of the inflection vs. derivation cline.

scholarly journals On the Juridical Relevance of the Phenomenological Notion of Person in Max Scheler and Edith Stein

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Galofaro
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Edmund Husserl ◽  
Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Edith Stein ◽  
Max Scheler ◽  
Human Decision ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Social Units

AbstractThe paper presents a semiotic interpretation of the phenomenological debate on the notion of person, focusing in particular on Edmund Husserl, Max Scheler, and Edith Stein. The semiotic interpretation lets us identify the categories that orient the debate: collective/individual and subject/object. As we will see, the phenomenological analysis of the relation between person and social units such as the community, the association, and the mass shows similarities to contemporary socio-semiotic models. The difference between community, association, and mass provides an explanation for the establishment of legal systems. The notion of person we inherit from phenomenology can also be useful in facing juridical problems raised by the use of non-human decision-makers such as machine learning algorithms and artificial intelligence applications.

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