scholarly journals In vitro effects of essential oils on potential pathogens and beneficial members of the normal microbiota

2010 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 71-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
AC Ouwehand ◽  
K. Tiihonen ◽  
H. Kettunen ◽  
S. Peuranen ◽  
H. Schulze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Lactobacillus Reuteri ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Bifidobacterium Longum ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Oregano Oil

The use of antimicrobial growth promoters has been banned in the EU. This has created an interest in alternative strategies to prevent an imbalance in the intestinal microbiota and the potential development of intestinal disorders in livestock. Essential oils (EOs) have been known to exhibit antimicrobial activity against specific microbial species and could therefore be considered one such alternative in controlling the intestinal microbial population. Under anaerobic conditions, the tested <I>Clostridium perfringens</I> strains were found to be sensitive (<I>P</I>&nbsp;&lt; 0.05) to carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde, citral, limonene, thymol, particularly at the higher concentration tested (500&nbsp;mg/l) and to oregano oil, rosemary oil and thyme oil. <I>Streptococcus</I> <I>epidermis</I> was sensitive (<I>P</I> &lt; 0.05) to most EO’s tested, also mainly at the higher concentration. The tested <I>Salmonella</I> serovars were found to be sensitive (<I>P</I>&nbsp;&lt; 0.05) only to high (500 mg/l) concentrations of the tested EOs. <I>Escherichia coli</I> was sensitive (<I>P</I> &lt; 0.05) to most of the tested EOs, also at lower concentrations (5 and 50 mg/l). <I>Bifidobacterium longum</I>, <I>Bifidobacterium breve</I> and <I>Lactobacillus reuteri</I> were less sensitive (<I>P</I> &lt; 0.05) to most of the tested EOs, while <I>Bifidobacterium animalis</I> ssp. <I>lactis</I> and <I>L. fermentum</I> were relatively sensitive also at lower concentrations (5 and 50 mg/l), although growth reduction by EOs of these bacterial species was less then with the antimicrobial growth promoter avilamycin. With the exception of <I>Salmonella</I> and <I>E. coli</I>, all tested microbes were sensitive to avilamycin. Selected EOs seem to have the advantage of inhibiting the growth of potential pathogens while only moderately influencing beneficial members of the intestinal microbiota. This difference in sensitivity may strengthen the microbiota and contribute to improved animal health.

scholarly journals Study In Vitro: Kombinasi Herbal dan Probiotik sebagai Alternatif Antibiotic Growth Promoter

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinsa Cantya Prakasita
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Bifidobacterium Longum ◽  
Growth Zone ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Antibiotic Growth Promoters ◽  
The Government

Antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) are widely used in animal feed for feed efficiency, stimulate growth, productivity and minimize mortality by preventing infection, but now its use has been officially banned by the government. As a result of the ban, many farmers or animal feed producer seek solutions in various ways such as the addition of herbs, probiotics, and a combination of both, but there are still few reports on the role of herbs, probiotics and a combination of both for alternative substitutes for AGP. This study aims to determine the role of herbs in the growth of probiotics. Herbs used ginger, turmeric, galingale, wild ginger, and temuireng, while the probiotics used are Bifidobacterium longum, B. bifidum, Bacillus sp., and Saccharomyces cereviciae. The benefits of herbs in supporting probiotics were tested using the disc diffusion method. Chloramphenicol disc ware used as control positive. Observation and measurement of the growth zone of probiotics were carried out after incubation. The results of this study prove that herbs do not inhibit the growth of probiotics. Herbal content can be a prebiotic candidate that can support the growth of probiotics. The combination of herbal-probiotics can potentially be an AGP substitute in animal feed.

scholarly journals Performance of some growth promoters on hybrid walking catfish (Clarias batrachus × Clarias gariepinus)

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-108
Author(s):  
Md Sirazul Islam ◽  
M Mamnur Rashid ◽  
Mohammad Shamsul Arefin ◽  
Pronab Naha ◽  
Md Rokanuddula
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Clarias Batrachus ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Average Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Promoters

A study was conducted to determine the efficacy of three most commonly used growth promoters from different pharmaceutical companies on growth performance of hybrid walking catfish (Clarias batrachus × Clarias gariepinus). The experiment was done in the wet laboratory of the Department of Aquaculture, BAU, Mymensingh, with a total of 10 aquaria and 160 fish having mean initial weight of 6.3 ± 0.48 g. The three growth promoters, “Charger gel” from Fishtech (BD) Ltd., “Growth gel” from Advance Agrotech (BD) Ltd. and “Hepaprotect-aqua” from Renata Animal health Ltd., were used in separate nine (9) aquaria at recommended, lower dose and higher dose respectively. One aquarium was used as control (diet without any growth promoter). The fish were fed with paragon nursery floating feed at 20% of body weight in each aquarium for 28 days. Doses of Charger gel were given as 80, 60 and 100 mg/20 g feed/day, that of Growth gel, 0.14, 0.12 and 0.16 ml/20 g feed/day and of Hepaprotect-aqua, 30, 15 and 50 mg/20 g feed/day. Re-circulatory system was used throughout the experimental period. By applying recommended, lower and higher dose of “Charger gel”, mean final weights were found as 23.0, 21.9 and 35.9 g; average daily weight gain as 0.60, 0.56 and 1.06 g and specific growth rate (SGR) as 2.01, 1.93 and 2.70% respectively. For “Growth gel”, mean final weights were found as 22.8, 17.3 and 31.1 g; average daily weight gain as 0.59, 0.39 and 0.88 g and SGR as 1.99, 1.57 and 2.48 % respectively. For “Hepaprotect-aqua”, mean final weights were found as 24.2, 17.5 and 28.2 g; average daily weight gain as 0.64, 0.40 and 0.78 g and SGR as 2.09, 1.58 and 2.32% respectively. In all the cases survival rates were 100%. All the three growth promoters showed better results at their higher doses in comparison to their results in lower and recommended doses. However, in average Charger gel showed the best result than the other two growth promoters. This information on the efficacy study of growth promoters needs to be disseminated to the farmers for improved fish production.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. March 2017, 3(1): 103-108

scholarly journals Anti-bacterial activity of three essential oils - An in vitro study

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 1049-1053 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geetha RV ◽  
John Rozar Raj B ◽  
Lakshmi Thangavelu
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Thyme Oil ◽  
Rosemary Oil

To conduct a study regarding the antibacterial activity of essential oils against bacteria causing Caries. Essential oils are distillates of the volatile compounds of a plant’s secondary metabolism and may act as photoprotective agents. Their curative effect has been known since antiquity. It is based on a variety of pharmacological properties which are specific for each plant species. The mouth contains a variety of oral bacteria, but only a few species of bacteria are believed to cause dental caries. Antibacterial activity of the three essential oils, Rosemary oil, Holy basil oil, Thyme oil was screened against Streptococcus mutans, using disc diffusion technique. The rosemary oil was more effective against Streptococcus mutans with a zone of inhibition of 52 mm diameter (at concentration 200 µl), Rosemary oil showed a zone of inhibition of 44 mm diameter and with thyme oil, the zone diameter was 30 mm. The results of this study showed that the essential oils at different concentrations exhibited antibacterial activity against the bacterial species tested.

scholarly journals Study on a Fermented Whole Wheat: Phenolic Content, Activity on PTP1B Enzyme and In Vitro Prebiotic Properties

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 1120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diletta Balli ◽  
Maria Bellumori ◽  
Paolo Paoli ◽  
Giuseppe Pieraccini ◽  
Monica Di Paola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactobacillus Reuteri ◽  
Tyrosine Phosphatase ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Food Ingredient ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Acidic Hydrolysis ◽  
Inhibitory Power ◽  
Methyl Ferulate ◽  
First Time

Fermented cereals, staple foods in Asia and Africa, are recently receiving a growing interest in Western countries. The object of this work is the characterization of a fermented wheat used as a food ingredient and dietary supplement. To this aim, the phenolic composition, the activity on protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), an enzyme overexpressed in type-II diabetes, the in vitro prebiotic properties on Lactobacillus reuteri and the microbial composition were investigated. Basic and acidic hydrolysis were tested for an exhaustive recovery of bound phenols: the acidic hydrolysis gave best yields. Methyl ferulate and neocarlinoside were identified for the first time in wheat. The inhibitory power of the extracts of several batches were investigated on PTP1B enzyme. The product was not able to inhibit the enzyme, otherwise, for the first time, a complete inhibition was observed for schaftoside, a major C-flavonoid of wheat. The microbial composition was assessed identifying Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, and Pediococcus as the main bacterial species. The fermented wheat was a suitable substrate for the grown of L. reuteri, recognized for its health properties in the human gut. The proposed method for phenols is easier compared to those based on strong basic hydrolysis; our results assessed the bound phenols as the major fraction, differently from that suggested by the literature for fermented cereals.

Probiotic properties of native Lactobacillus spp. strains for dairy calves

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 613-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Fernández ◽  
M. Fraga ◽  
E. Silveyra ◽  
A.N. Trombert ◽  
A. Rabaza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactobacillus Reuteri ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Probiotic Properties ◽  
Real Time Quantitative Pcr ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Probiotic Strains ◽  
Lactobacillus Spp

The use of native microorganisms with probiotic capacity is an alternative tool for the treatment and prevention of several diseases that affect animals, such as neonatal calf diarrhoea. The selection of probiotic strains within a collection is based on different in vitro and in vivo assays, which predict their potential. The aim of this study was to characterise a group of native Lactobacillus spp. strains isolated from faeces of healthy calves using an in vitro approach and to assess their ability to colonise the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of calves. Native Lactobacillus spp. strains were evaluated on their capacity to survive low pH conditions and bile salts presence, biofilm formation and adhesion to both mucus and Caco-2 cells. Based on the in vitro characterisation, four strains (Lactobacillus johnsonii TP1.1, Lactobacillus reuteri TP1.3B, L. johnsonii TP1.6 and Lactobacillus amylovorus TP8.7) were selected to evaluate their capacity to colonise and persist in the GIT of calves. The assessment of enteric persistence involved an in vivo assay with oral administration of probiotics and quantification in faeces of the administered bacterial species with real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). The study was conducted using 15 calves (1-month-old) which were divided into five groups of three animals, four of which were treated with four different selected strains and one was the control group. Strains TP1.3B and TP1.6 managed to persist in treated animals until ten days after the end of the administration period, indicating that they could be promising candidates for the design of probiotics for calves.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Composition and In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oils from the Lamiaceae Family against Streptococcus agalactiae and Candida albicans Biofilms

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 592
Author(s):  
Ramona Iseppi ◽  
Roberta Tardugno ◽  
Virginia Brighenti ◽  
Stefania Benvenuti ◽  
Carla Sabia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Streptococcus Agalactiae ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Retention Data ◽  
Natural Defense

The antimicrobial activity of different essential oils (EOs) from the Lamiaceae family was evaluated on Streptococcus agalactiae, Candida albicans, and lactobacilli. S. agalactiae is the main cause of severe neonatal infections, such as sepsis, meningitis, and pneumonia. C. albicans is a primary causative agent of vulvovaginal candidiasis, a multifactorial infectious disease of the lower female reproductive tract. Lactobacilli represent the dominant bacterial species of the vaginal flora and constitute the natural defense against pathogens. On the basis of the preliminary results, the attention was focused on the EOs from Lavandula x intermedia Emeric ex Loisel. and Mentha arvensis L. By using gas ghromatography (GS) retention data and mass spectra, it was possible to identify more than 90% of the total composition of the EO samples. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and anti-biofilm activity of the two EOs were determined against all isolated strains, using the EOs by themselves or in combination with each other and with drugs (erythromycin and fluconazole). The results showed a good antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activity of both EOs and a synergistic effect, leading to the best results against all the strains, resulted using the combinations EOs/EOs and antimicrobials/EOs.

Effects of the probiotic Enterococcus faecium NCIMB 10415 on selected lactic acid bacteria and enterobacteria in co-culture

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.C. Starke ◽  
J. Zentek ◽  
W. Vahjen
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Lactobacillus Reuteri ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Probiotic Strain ◽  
Lactobacillus Mucosae ◽  
Vitro Effect ◽  
Reference Strains ◽  
Faecium Strain

Enterococcus faecium NCIMB 10415 is used as a probiotic for piglets and has been shown to modify the porcine intestinal microbiota. However, the mode of action of this probiotic modification is still unclear. One possible explanation is the direct growth inhibiting or stimulating effect of the probiotic on other indigenous bacteria. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine the growth interactions of the probiotic with different indigenous porcine bacteria in vitro. Reference strains were cultivated with the probiotic E. faecium strain NCIMB10415 (SF68) in a checkerboard assay with 102 to 105 cells/ml inoculum per strain. Growth kinetics were recorded for 8 h and used to determine specific growth of the co-cultures. Additionally, total DNA was extracted from the co-cultures at the end of the incubation to verify which strain in the co-culture was affected. Co-cultivation with eight Enterococcus spp. tester strains showed strain-specific growth differences. Three of four E. faecium strains were not influenced by the probiotic strain. PCR results showed reduced growth of the probiotic strain in co-culture with E. faecium DSM 6177. Three of four Enterococcus faecalis strains showed reduced specific growth in co-culture with the probiotic strain. However, E. faecalis DSM 20478 impaired growth of the probiotic E. faecium strain. The growth of Lactobacillus johnsonii DSM 10533 and Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 20016 was enhanced in co-culture with the probiotic strain, but co-cultivations with Lactobacillus mucosae DSM13345 or Lactobacillus amylovorus DSM10533 showed no differences. Co-cultures with the probiotic E. faecium showed no impact on the growth rate of four different enterobacterial reference strains (2 strains of Salmonella enterica and 2 strains of Escherichia coli), but PCR results showed reduced cell numbers for a pathogenic E. coli isolate at higher concentration of the probiotic strain. As the in vitro effect of the probiotic E. faecium on enterococci was strain specific and the growth of certain Lactobacillus spp. was enhanced by the probiotic, these results indicate a direct effect of the probiotic on certain members of the porcine gastro intestinal microbiota.

scholarly journals Chemical composition and antibacterial activities of Capparis spinosa essential oils from Algeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Halima Benachour ◽  
Messaoud Ramdani ◽  
Takia Lograda ◽  
Pierre Chalard ◽  
Gilles Figueredo
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Hexadecanoic Acid ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Capparis Spinosa

Abstract. Benachour H, Ramdani M, Lograda T, Chalard P, Figueredo J. 2020. Chemical composition and antibacterial activities of Capparis spinosa essential oils from Algeria. Biodiversitas 21: 161-169. The essential oils of Capparis spinosa L. collected from six locations in Algeria were obtained by hydro-distillation. The chemical composition of oils was performed by GC-MS. The disc diffusion method is applied for the antibacterial activity. The extraction produced low yield (0.03%). The result of chromatographic analysis (GC/MS) leads to the identification of 33 components; palmitic acid (38.19%), nonanal-n (12.61%), cymene-2,5-dimethoxy-para (8.94%) and octacosane (5.49%) were the major components of these oils. The result of cluster analysis based on essential oils constituents showed the presence of three chemotypes,i.e., the chemotype of Nonanal-n-Cymen 2,5 dimethoxy para-Dodecanal, the chemotype of Nonanal-n-Hexadecanoic acid-tetracosane and the chemotype Tetracosane-n-pentyl furane-2-octacosane. In-vitro antimicrobial activity of caper oils against nine bacterial species showed that the oils have no activity against E. coli and have modest activities against eight other bacterial species tested; however, the desirability test shows that the oils used were not effective on the bacteria tested.

scholarly journals In vitro effect of essential oils from aromatic and medicinal plants on mushroom pathogens: Verticillium fungicola var. fungicola, Mycogone perniciosa, and Cladobotryum sp.

2009 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brankica Tanovic ◽  
Ivana Potocnik ◽  
G. Delibasic ◽  
M. Ristic ◽  
M. Kostic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Fungicidal Effect ◽  
Verticillium Fungicola ◽  
Aromatic And Medicinal Plants ◽  
Volatile Phase ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Oregano Oil ◽  
Vitro Effect

Lavender, anise, chamomile, fennel, geranium, oregano, parsley, and sage essential oils were tested for their effectiveness against mushroom pathogens: Verticillium fungicola var. fungicola, Mycogone perniciosa, and Cladobotryum sp. Isolates were exposed to the volatile phase of the oils and then ventilated in order to determine if the effect of the oil was lethal to the pathogen. Oregano and geranium oils were the most toxic, having a fungicidal effect at 0.02-0.08 ?l/ml of air, depending on the pathogen. Oregano oil was characterized by high content of carvacrol and thymol, while citranelol and geraniol were the main components of geranium oil.

scholarly journals In vitro Anticoccidial Study of Oregano and Garlic Essential Oils and Effects on Growth Performance, Fecal Oocyst Output, and Intestinal Microbiota in vivo

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erasmia Sidiropoulou ◽  
Ioannis Skoufos ◽  
Virginia Marugan-Hernandez ◽  
Ilias Giannenas ◽  
Eleftherios Bonos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota
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