Soil preparation by ploughing in the floodplain forest and its influence on vegetation and primary soil characteristics

The paper analyzes the effect of whole-area site preparation by ploughing and of alternate field and forest crops on the understorey, soil biological activity and physical and chemical characteristics in the commercial forest. Another factor of the study was to assess the effect of the clearcut size on forest stands. Analyzed were 20-years-old stands of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur [L.]) on alluvial sites 1L9 (Fraxino pannonicae-Ulmetum). It can be deduced from the conducted analyses that after twenty years neither different site preparation nor clearcut size affected the understorey and soil biological activity. Field crops and forestry in alternation had a significantly adverse effect on porosity and water-retention capacity in the lower layer of top-soil (25–30 cm). Whole-area ploughing had a negative influence on the loss of organic substances due to accelerated mineralization. Nevertheless, the observed differences are not significant; the values did not fall below critical limits and in no case did they affect other studied site parameters or the development of root systems and aboveground parts of oak trees.

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Measure soil resilience after reclamation of open pit dump in semi-arid area

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-20768 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Huping Hou ◽

Chen Wang

Keyword(s):

Biological Activity ◽

Soil Structure ◽

Water Retention ◽

Open Pit ◽

Structure Stability ◽

Water Retention Capacity ◽

Retention Capacity ◽

Soil Biological Activity ◽

Soil Resilience ◽

Main Component

<p>The main work of soil reclamation in coal mine area is to recover the structure and function of soil, which is the key factor for the restoration of mine damaged ecosystem. The calculation of soil resilience is an index to measure the stability of ecosystem, which provides guidance for the sustainability of soil management. As the case of Heidaigou open pit mine in Mongolia, the soil restoration of waste dump in 1995, 2000, 2008 and 2015 is taken as the research objects. The field investigation and soil quality experiment data are used to compare and analyze between the reclamation soil and original soil. The soil resilience of waste dump of open pit mine is measured by principal component analysis and structural equation model. The results showed: &#160;(1) The volume density of reclaimed soil was larger, and the soil particle size did not show obvious vertical layered distribution. The degradation of soil nutrients, the low level of soil fertility, the accumulation of soil alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content and organic matter, and the utilization of plant roots to nutrients were low. The biodiversity and activity of soil decreased. (2) Quantitative evaluation of soil resilience was divided into four dimensions: soil structure stability, soil water retention capacity, soil fertilizer retention capacity, and soil biological activity. Soil clay particles, silt particles, median diameter, and sand particles contributed 81.609% to main component for soil structure stability. Surface water content, deep water content, bulk density, calcium carbonate contributed 82.379% to main component for soil water retention capacity. Soil organic, alkaline nitrogen, total nitrogen, pH, total potassium, total phosphorus, available phosphorus contributed 85.39% to main component for soil fertilizer retention capacity. Soil urease, alkaline phosphatase, invertase activity, microbial diversity Simpson index, richness Chao index, litter quality, pH contributed 87.373% to main component for soil biological activity. (3) Soil resilience was measured by four aspects: soil structure stability, soil water holding capacity, soil fertilizer holding capacity and soil biological activity. The average soil resilience value was 0.37, 0.33, 0.26, 0.18 in 1995, 2000, 2008, 2015, respectively. The average soil resilience was 0.75 in original soil. Soil biological activity had the positive impact on soil resilience, with an influence coefficient of 0.66. The water retention capacity and fertilizer retention capacity had coefficient of 0.44 and 0.37 on soil resilience.</p>

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Influence of fertilizer and hydrogel on physical-chemical attributes of substrate for seedling production

Bioscience Journal ◽

10.14393/bj-v35n5a2019-42267 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 35 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Glauce Taís de Oliveira Sousa Azevedo ◽

Anderson Marcos de Souza ◽

Gileno Brito de Azevedo ◽

Paulo Eduardo Teodoro ◽

José Raimundo Luduvico de Sousa

Keyword(s):

Water Retention ◽

Water Retention Capacity ◽

Forest Nursery ◽

Retention Capacity ◽

Physical Chemical ◽

Physical Attributes ◽

Chemical Attributes ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

Different Levels ◽

Different Doses

The incorporation of the hydrogel into the substrate used in the forest nursery promotes improvements in its physical-chemical attributes. However, several factors influence the hydrogel efficiency, such as the increase of salts, promoted by fertilizer of the substrate. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of the incorporation of fertilizer levels and hydrogel doses on the physical-chemical attributes of a substrate to produce forest seedlings. Different levels of basic fertilizer commonly used in the nursery (100%, 50% and 0%) and different doses of the hydrogel (0, 1, 2 and 3 g L-1) were incorporated into the substrate Tropstrato Florestal®, consisting of 12 treatments in a 3 x 4 factorial scheme. A sample of the substrate in each treatment was sent for analysis of its physical and chemical attributes. To evaluate the effect of the treatments on the physical-chemical attributes of the substrate, was used the multivariate principal components analyses. The levels of fertilizer and hydrogel doses were correlated with the attributes of the substrates obtained in each treatment. The incorporation of different fertilizer levels and hydrogel doses to the substrate modified their chemical and physical attributes. Fertilizers have influenced mainly the chemical attributes of the substrate, whereas hydrogels have influenced the physical attributes, mainly those related to water retention capacity and availability.

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Production of kale seedlings on substrates containing proportions of organic compost

Research Society and Development ◽

10.33448/rsd-v10i8.17707 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. e58010817707

Author(s):

José Luís Trevizan Chiomento ◽

Isabel Cristina Lourenço da Silva ◽

Lourival Dantas Fagundes ◽

Rafael Tronco Homrich ◽

Nicolas dos Santos Trentin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Root System ◽

Aerial Part ◽

Water Retention ◽

Chemical Characterization ◽

Water Retention Capacity ◽

Retention Capacity ◽

The One ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

Organic Compost

One of the difficulties in the kale seedlings production in containers is to ensure the production of aboveground biomass with a limited portion of roots, restricted to a small volume of substrate. Thus, we investigated whether substrates with organic compost added to it associated with kale cultivars interfere in the quality of seedlings produced in a greenhouse. Here, we studied two kale cultivars and five substrates. The experiment was designed in randomized blocks, with treatments arranged in a bifactorial scheme (2 x 5), with three replications. We carried out the physical and chemical characterization of the substrates and evaluated attributes of the aerial part and root system of the kale seedlings. The results showed that the substrate with the highest water retention was the one without the addition of organic compost. The greater the proportion of organic compound added to the substrate, the higher the nitrogen, phosphorus and organic carbon values. Seedlings produced in the substrate with greater water retention capacity had better performance in relation to the morphology of the aerial part and the morphology of the root system. We conclude that seedlings of kale cultivars associated with substrates with higher water retention have better quality. Seedlings of the ‘Gaudina’ cultivar stand out for their better phytometric morphology, while seedlings of the ‘Manteiga’ cultivar have higher quality of root biomass.

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Proximal sensing of soil biological activity for precision agriculture

Advances in Animal Biosciences ◽

10.1017/s204047001700139x ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 406-411 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

V. Adamchuk ◽

F. Reumont ◽

J. Kaur ◽

J. Whalen ◽

N. Adamchuk-Chala

Keyword(s):

Biological Activity ◽

Precision Agriculture ◽

Temporal Dynamics ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Agricultural Landscapes ◽

Agricultural Fields ◽

Soil Toxicity ◽

Soil Biological Activity ◽

Biological Health ◽

Physical And Chemical

There is growing interest in monitoring soil biological health to complement the traditional evaluation of soil physical and chemical characteristics in agricultural fields. Activity of soil microorganisms mediates many essential soil processes that affect fertility, and, therefore, essential to the successful adoption of precision agriculture. However, there are technical limitations to cost-effective monitoring of spatial and temporal dynamics of soil biological activity across agricultural landscapes. This paper summarizes three consecutive studies on in situ measurement of soil biological activity. The first study reveals spatial heterogeneity of microbial population growth in three agricultural fields using bio-films. In the second study, microbiological activity was analyzed using a substrate-induced respiration technique. This technique was evaluated through a series of soil toxicity experiments that involved a comparison of fresh and autoclaved soil samples. Finally, the aim of the third study was to develop a portable instrumented system to evaluate carbon dioxide concentrations in soil by extracting air stored within the soil pores. This instrument was tested under various conditions to quantify the effects of soil moisture, compaction and presence of glucose (artificially increased microbial respiration). Optimization of the discussed techniques will allow for detailed mapping of these indices of soil biological health and their interactions with the physical and chemical environment at any specific point in time.

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CARACTERIZAÇÃO FÍSICO-QUÍMICA DE SUBSTRATO DE FIBRA DE CASCA DE COCO APÓS O CULTIVO HIDROPÔNICO DE PIMENTÃO COM ÁGUA DE REÚSO E DIFERENTES LÂMINAS DE SOLUÇÃO NUTRITIVA

Irriga ◽

10.15809/irriga.2021v1n3p613-627 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 613-627

Author(s):

Renata da Silva Cuba de Carvalho ◽

Mara Rúbia Mendes de Melo ◽

Francielly Guieiro Gomes de Sousa ◽

Luís Roberto Almeida Gabriel Filho ◽

Antonio Evaldo Klar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Nutrient Solution ◽

Water Reuse ◽

Water Retention Capacity ◽

Crop Evapotranspiration ◽

Retention Capacity ◽

Coconut Husk ◽

Nutritive Solution ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

E Mail

CARACTERIZAÇÃO FÍSICO-QUÍMICA DE SUBSTRATO DE FIBRA DE CASCA DE COCO APÓS O CULTIVO HIDROPÔNICO DE PIMENTÃO COM ÁGUA DE REÚSO E DIFERENTES LÂMINAS DE SOLUÇÃO NUTRITIVA1 RENATA DA SILVA CUBA DE CARVALHO2; MARA RÚBIA MENDES DE MELO3; fRANCIELLY GUIEIRO GOMES DE SOUSA4; luís roberto almeida gabriel filho5; antonio evaldo klar6 E hélio grassi filho7 1Trabalho originado da tese de doutorado do primeiro autor intitulada: “Cultivo de pimentão em sistema hidropônico com água de reúso em diferentes níveis de disponibilidade de água no substrato”. 2Doutora, Programa de Pós-graduação em Agronomia – Irrigação e Drenagem, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Avenida Universitária, 3780, CEP 18610-034, Altos do Paraíso, Botucatu-SP, Brasil, [email protected]. 3 Doutoranda, Programa de Pós- graduação em Agronomia, Departamento de Produção e Melhoramento Vegetal. Faculdade de Ciências Agronômica, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rua José Barbosa de Barros, 1780. CEP: 18.610-307, Botucatu-SP - Brasil. E-mail: [email protected]. 4Doutora, Programa de Pós- graduação em Agronomia – Irrigação e Drenagem, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômica, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Avenida Universitária, 3780, CEP 18610-034, Altos do Paraíso, Botucatu-SP, [email protected]. 5 Professor Associado do Departamento de Gestão, Desenvolvimento e Tecnologia da Faculdade de Ciências e Engenharia, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Avenida Domingos da Costa Lopes,780, Jardim Itaipu, 17602-496, Tupã-SP, Brasil, [email protected]. 6 Professor Emérito do Departamento de Engenharia Rural da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Avenida Universitária, 3780, CEP 18610-034, Altos do Paraíso, Botucatu-SP, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected]. 7 Professor Titular do Departamento de Solos e Recursos Ambientais da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Avenida Universitária, 3780, CEP 18610-034, Altos do Paraíso, Botucatu-SP, Brasil, [email protected]. 1 RESUMO Este trabalho objetivou caracterizar a partir de análises físicas e químicas, o substrato de fibra de casca de coco antes e após o seu uso com a cultura do pimentão, cultivada em vasos com solução nutritiva preparada com água de reúso e água potável e diferentes lâminas de reposição dessa solução (100, 75 e 50% da evapotranspiração da cultura). O cultivo foi realizado em ambiente protegido ao longo de 175 dias, em vasos com capacidade volumétrica de 15 L, preenchidos com fibra de casca de coco. A cada 30 dias mediu-se o pH e a condutividade elétrica do substrato em laboratório. Após a colheita das plantas, foram coletadas amostras do substrato, com as quais avaliaram-se as características químicas e físicas: condutividade elétrica, pH, teores de NH4+, NO3-, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Cl, B, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, capacidade de troca catiônica (CTC), capacidade de retenção de água (10kPA) e densidade volumétrica seca. A reposição de solução nutritiva no substrato através da evapotranspiração da cultura proporcionou aumento dos teores de nutrientes, condutividade elétrica, CTC do substrato e densidade. Os maiores valores desses parâmetros foram verificados para os tratamentos cultivados com solução nutritiva preparada com água de reúso. Palavras chave: salinização, nutrientes, água residuária, hidroponia, efluente. CARVALHO, R. S. C.; MELO, M. R. M.; GOMES, F. G.; GABRIEL FILHO, L. R. A.; KLAR, A. E.; GRASSI FILHO, H. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF IN COCONUT HUSK FIBER SUBSTRATE AFTER THE CULTIVATION OF PEPPER IN A HYDROPONIC SYSTEM WITH WATER REUSE AND DIFFERENT DEPHTS OF NUTRIENT SOLUTION 2 ABSTRACT This work aimed to characterize the physical and chemical characteristics of the coconut husk fiber substrate before and after its use with the pepper crop, cultivated in pots with a nutritive solution prepared with reuse and drinking water and different depths of this solution replenishment (100, 75 and 50% of crop evapotranspiration). Cultivation was conducted in pots greenhouse with a volumetric capacity of 15 L, filled with coconut husk fiber. The plants were grown for 175 days and every 30 days, the pH and electrical conductivity of the substrate were measured in the laboratory. After the plants were harvested, samples of the substrate were collected and the chemical and physical characteristics were evaluated: electrical conductivity, pH, NH4 +, NO3-, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Cl, B, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, cation exchange capacity (CTC), water retention capacity (10kPA), and dry bulk density. The replacement of the nutrient solution in the substrate through crop evapotranspiration provided an increase in nutrient content, electrical conductivity, CTC of substrate and density. The highest values for theses parameters were verified for the treatments cultivated with nutritive solution prepared with water reuse. Keywords: salinization, nutrients, wastewater, hydroponic, effluent.

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Microstructural changes and the effect on myofibril proteins in yamu (Brycon amazonicus) fish meat during cold storage

Agronomía Colombiana ◽

10.15446/agron.colomb.v34n3.61316 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

pp. 403-414 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Daniel Castañeda ◽

José Manuel Lozano ◽

Héctor Suárez

Keyword(s):

Cold Storage ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Storage Temperature ◽

Protein Profile ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Water Retention Capacity ◽

Retention Capacity ◽

Fish Meat ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Physical And Chemical

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of cold storage on yamu fish meat (Brycon amazonicus). The methodology consisted of analyzing two temperatures (0±1.6°C and -8±1°C), two storage periods (13 and 61 hours) and two different sources (farm and river), and determine changes in the protein profile, micro structural, physical and chemical properties (water retention capacity-WRC, pH, texture of yamu meat fillets). The micro-structural changes were observed with optical and scanning electron microscopy. The results of the image analysis of the meat microstructure showed a negative effect from cold storage on the muscle, affecting the connective tissue. Otherwise, the analysis of protein profile demonstrated protein degradation during the cold storage of the yamu meat, such as for heavy chain myosin, actin and a-actinin. In addition, the origin of the fish and the storage temperature had a significant effect on the texture changes (P<0.05); meanwhile, the storage time had a significant effect on the three technological characteris tics of the meat (WRC, pH and texture) (P<0.05). The storage temperature did not significantly affect the WRC (P>0.05).

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Effect of organic farming on soil microbiological parameters

Polish Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.17951/pjss.2019.52.2.259 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 52 (2) ◽

pp. 259

Author(s):

Karolina Furtak ◽

Anna Gałązka

Keyword(s):

Biological Activity ◽

Organic Farming ◽

Farming System ◽

Agricultural System ◽

Soil Biological Activity ◽

Microbiological Parameters ◽

Organic Farming System ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

The Impact

<p>All over the world, including Poland, interest in the organic farming is growing. It is based on an attempt to minimize human impact on the environment while maintaining the natural functionality and productivity of the agricultural system. At the same time, every human activity in the natural environment results in greater or lesser changes in the soil ecosystem. Organic farming also has an impact on physical and chemical parameters and soil biological activity. These changes should be monitored and considered in the context of long-term land management. This review focuses on the impact of the organic farming system on soil biological activity and diversity of soil microorganisms.</p>

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Decomposition of Plantain Peel Powder and Assessment of its Effects on Soil Physical and Chemical Characteristics

Asian Research Journal of Agriculture ◽

10.9734/arja/2021/v14i430133 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 11-24

Author(s):

Alla Kouadio Théodore ◽

Gbeze Kpata Hermann Roland ◽

Bomisso Edson Lezin

Keyword(s):

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Thick Layer ◽

Water Retention Capacity ◽

Chemical Characteristics ◽

Retention Capacity ◽

Sea Sand ◽

Phosphorus And Potassium ◽

Set Up ◽

Physical And Chemical

This study aims at assessing the effects of plantain (Musa paradisiaca) peel powder on soil physical and chemical properties in the context of sustainable yield management. The experiment took place in the laboratory of plant physiology of the University Félix Houphouët Boigny from July to November 2020. Three designs were set up. Design 1 consisted of 20 g of plantain peel powder added to a 2-cm thick layer of sea sand. Design 2 consisted of 5 g of plantain peel powder added to 250 g of sea sand. Design 3 consisted of a homogeneous mixture of 100 g of peel powder and 200 g of rhizospheric tomato or plantain soil. The designs were regularly watered with distilled water. In the first two designs, the plantain peel powder was added according to two methods. These included surface incorporation and deep incorporation. The experiment allowed us to characterize peel powder decomposition and assess its effects on soil physicochemical parameters. The physico-chemical characteristics of the soils were subjected to a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA 1). STATICA 7.1 software was used to perform all the analyses. Analysis of the results showed that the incorporation method does not influence peel powder decomposition. This decomposition is followed by the release of colored elements. Water retention capacity as well as particle size were improved. The results showed that plantain peel powder is an important source of minerals mainly phosphorus and potassium. It emerges from this study that plantain peel could be a good organic fertilizer for profitable and environmentally friendly agriculture.

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Extracción de Carotenos de Cáscara de Mango (Mangifera indica) con mezclas de Solventes y Extracción Asistida

Bionatura ◽

10.21931/rb/cs/2018.01.01.6 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 01 (Bionatura Conference Serie) ◽

Author(s):

Sara Calderón ◽

Edwin Vera

Keyword(s):

Room Temperature ◽

Water Retention ◽

Mangifera Indica ◽

Extraction Yield ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Water Retention Capacity ◽

Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽

Retention Capacity ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Physical And Chemical

The extraction of carotenoids with lyophilized peel of three varieties of mango was carried out as matrix: Tommy Atkins, Haden and Kent. The following physical and chemical characteristics were evaluated: color, humidity, soluble solids, pH, and water retention capacity (CRA). The Tommy Atkins variety presented the highest values of moisture, pH, soluble solids, and (CRA), while the Haden variety stands out in the content of ashes and total carotenes. It was used for the extraction of carotenes mixtures of hexane: heptane: ethanol in different concentrations where heptane was the solvent with the highest extraction performance of carotenes, with 27.24 % with regard to the method assisted by ultrasound. For the enzymatic treatment, we worked at a temperature of 35 °C, with two enzymatic cocktails with constant agitation for 30 and 60 min. The GRANOZYME PTE 100 enzyme complex had an extraction yield equal to 60.12 %. The ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) was performed in an ultrasonic processor for 10, 15 and 30 min at a power of 750 W, frequency of 20 kHz and a duty cycle of 60 % at room temperature. After 30 min, the highest extraction yields were obtained. The Haden variety is an interesting source of carotenes.

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STUDY OF CORIANDER SEED OIL (Coriandrum sativum L.)

Science and Technology Development Journal ◽

10.32508/stdj.v13i3.2151 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 29-38

Author(s):

Ha Bich Phan ◽

Thach Ngoc Le

Keyword(s):

Biological Activity ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Seed Oil ◽

Coriandrum Sativum ◽

Conventional Heating ◽

Geranyl Acetate ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

Coriander Seed Oil ◽

Coriander Seed

Coriandrum sativum L. belongs to the Apiaceae family, which is cultivated in Dong Nai province, in this paper its seed oil of was studied. The essential oil was extracted by hydrodistillation. We used two methods for activating of hydrodistillation: conventional heating and microwave irradiating. Its physical and chemical indexes were measured. The chemical composition of this oil was identified by GC/MS and quantified by GC/FID. Linalool (75.51-77.21 %), and geranyl acetate (15.64-12.79 %) were the main constituents of the oil which were obtained in 0,32-0.39 % yield. The biological activity of this oil was reported.

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