Conceptualization of sacrifice: discursive vectors of evaluation

2021 ◽  
pp. 321-336
Author(s):  
V. I. Karasik ◽  
◽  
M. S. Milovanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Religious Discourse ◽  
Action Understanding ◽  
General Direction ◽  
Verbal Explanation ◽  
Research Material ◽  
Moral Importance ◽  
Higher Power ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Everyday Communication ◽  
Living Being

The paper deals with understanding a sacrifice in linguistic consciousness. The idea of sacrifice reflects the interaction between man and a higher power. The essence of this notion is the objective and ways of implementing sacrifice and the general direction of its understanding corresponds to its rationalization and, consequently, desacralization. The research material was taken from Russian and English dictionaries, National corpora of the Russian and the English languages, collections of aphorisms. The verbal explanation of the concept “sacrifice” includes five components: 1) the subject who performs a sacral act; 2) the object of sacrifice, usually a living being; 3) the objective of the action – propitiation of a supreme force or demonstration of veneration and awe; 4) the cause of action – understanding of one’s sins and the divine greatness; 5) the mode of action – giving a certain object or a living being by means of its mortification to a God. Four typical sacrifice subjects may be identified: the supreme force, which may coincide with people or ideas, the victim, the actor, and the audience. The idea of sacrifice is closely connected to the ideas of worship, trial, and heroism. Discursive vectors of conceptualization of sacrifice emphasize its sacral, or heroic, or habitual meaning. The imaginative (figurative) aspect of sacrifice shows its necessity and approval in religious discourse and its critical understanding in everyday communication. The evaluative dimension of sacrifice, as presented in aphorisms, stresses its moral importance (especially in the case of self-sacrifice) and its disputability in other circumstances.

Teaching oral requests

Pragmatics ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 499-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleni Petraki ◽  
Sarah Bayes
Keyword(s):  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
English Language ◽  
Language Teaching ◽  
English Language Teaching ◽  
Cultural Appropriateness ◽  
Language Classroom ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Everyday Communication

Research in English language teaching has highlighted the importance of teaching communication skills in the language classroom. Against the backdrop of extensive research in everyday communication, the goal of this research was to explore whether current discourse analytic research is reflected in the lessons and communication examples of five English language teaching textbooks, by using spoken requests as the subject of investigation. The textbooks were evaluated on five criteria deriving from research on politeness, speech act theory and conversation analysis. These included whether and the extent to which the textbooks discussed the cultural appropriateness of requests, discussed the relationship of requests and other contextual factors, explained pre-sequences and re-requests and provided adequate practice activities. This study found that none of the coursebooks covered all of the criteria and that some coursebooks actually had very inadequate lessons. The results of the textbook analysis demonstrate that teachers using these five coursebooks and designers of future coursebooks must improve their lessons on requests by using pragmatics research and authentic examples as a guide.

A Grammar of Religious “Truth”: Pragmatic Considerations on the Nature of Religious Truth

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 338-356
Author(s):  
Lars Albinus
Keyword(s):  
Common Sense ◽  
Religious Discourse ◽  
Religious Expression ◽  
Cultural Contexts ◽  
Religious Truth ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Concept Of Truth

Abstract This article explores various ways in which the concept of truth is actually used across discursive boundaries separating common sense, science, mathematics, and religion. Although my overall approach is pragmatic, I argue that we also need to take some semantic restrictions into consideration. The main objective of the article is the issue of translating concepts of truth in various linguistic and cultural contexts without losing sight of the particular network of connotations. I come to the conclusion that with regard to a religious discourse, a translatable concept of truth typically enters the grammatical place of the subject rather than the predicate. From this position the discursive constraints of authority, authenticity and expressivity are held in check by an internal predetermination of the implied possibility of falsehood. Most of all, however, the article focuses on non-propositional aspects of a religious expression of truth, in which case the very distinction between true and false becomes patently irrelevant.

scholarly journals Analyzing Religious Speech in Terms of Speech Act Theory

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-67
Author(s):  
Sherwan Hussein Hamad ◽  
Talar Sabah Omer
Keyword(s):  
Speech Act ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Speech Act Theory ◽  
Religious Discourse ◽  
Religious Speech ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Political Economic

           Every Friday, articles were presented at mosques, and the subject of  the articles involved all aspects of human life, political, economic, social,…Any phenomenon in the society is mentioned in religious speeches. These articles will be part of religious discourse in Kurdistan, one of the subjects we have chosen for this investigation and we will study it from the perspective of a speech by Mala Araz about condemning the Turkish attack on the kurds. The aim of our study is to analyze religious discourse from a pragmatic perspective to achieve the goal that we have analyzed in the methodology, and we have received an example from the book" Mala Araz", which is in the context of the central Kurdish language kurmanji dialect.

scholarly journals CONCEPTSYSTEM OF THE MODERN ENGLISH HUMOROUS DISCOURSE

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (10(78)) ◽  
pp. 70-74
Author(s):  
Galyna Kozhemiakina
Keyword(s):  
Specific Weight ◽  
Financial Economic ◽  
Intellectual Ability ◽  
Talk Shows ◽  
Conceptual Space ◽  
Research Material ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
Tv Show ◽  
Quantitative Calculations

The article investigates the conceptual space of modern English humorous discourse as a system of hierarchically ordered concepts. The term "humorous discourse" means situationally conditioned interpersonal oral and mental activity aimed at the intellectual ability to see fun and cause laughter. The humorous discourse has become the attractive object of interest for discursologists nowadays, so it seems relevant to consider the conceptual space of modern English humorous discourse. A constructive unit of humorous discourse is the situation of witty communication, marked with national peculiarities. The aim of the article is to identify elements of the conceptual space of modern English humorous discourse as relevant discourse-forming concepts. The object of study is modern English humorous discourse, and the subject are elements of its conceptual space. The research material determines the author's humorous statements from modern British talk – shows: «Edinburgh Fringe», «Tommy Cooper`s TV show», «Milton Jone`s show». The isolation of the basic concepts-autochthons is carried out according to their specific weight in the discourse. The applied technique allowed using quantitative calculations to identify 24 significant concepts-autochthons within the 9 domains (human being, family and relatives, leisure, emotions and feelings, household and financial-economic sphere, social-state sphere, physiological needs, medicine, animal world) of modern English humorous discourse.

scholarly journals THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL VALUE OF THE REVIEWS ON UKRAINIAN TERMINOLOGY DICTIONARIES OF THE LATE XXth AND THE EARLY XXIst CENTURIES

2019 ◽  
pp. 96-106
Author(s):  
Tetiana Petrova
Keyword(s):  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Characteristic Parameter ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Practical Realization ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Research Material ◽  
Xxist Century ◽  
Normative Term ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Methodological Principles

The aim of the research is to determine the theoretical and practical significance of the reviews on natural sciences terminology dictionaries. The object of the research is a system of parametric measurements of terminology dictionaries, the subject is critical remarks on the structural parameters representation of terminology dictionaries. The research material is the texts of the reviews published during the late XXth and the early XXIst centuries. Тhe following methods were used: lexicographic analysis of the dictionary parameters, the quantitative analysis and the comparative one. As a result of the research, it is determined that throughout the analyzed period the experts focus on definition and translation dictionaries as well as reference dictionaries. Most remarks are made to the dictionaries of the early XXIst century. The potential importance of practical application of the results is to improve the theoretical and methodological principles and means of terminology dictionaries creation, as well as their use to develop new (combined) type that comprehensively represent the vocabulary of a particular branch of science. Conclusions: 1) the critical comments on professional definition dictionaries relate to such of their parameters as: ‘introduction / preface’, ‘encyclopedia information’, ‘dictionary register’, ‘definition’, ‘list of references’; 2) translation definition dictionaries have quantitative drawbacks regarding the representation of such structural parameters: ‘dictionary register’, ‘translation area’, ‘definition’; 3) to the parameters of reference dictionaries the following critical comments are made: to replace the title loan term by the normative term; to add the ‘accent characteristic’ parameter; to match the title terms with their definitions etc. Theoretical and practical significance of the reviews on terminology dictionaries gives the possibility to systematize the drawbacks revealed by critics in the representation of structural parameters of such publications, for the purpose to improve the fundamental theoretical and methodological foundations of metaterminography and the practical realization of high-quality works.

scholarly journals Turgenev’s traditions and motifs in the collection “Dragons, Tigers and Dogs” by Ba Jin

Litera ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 19-29
Author(s):  
Xiaoxuan Ren
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Literature ◽  
Comparative Methods ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Narrative Methods ◽  
Research Material ◽  
Ba Jin ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
The Ancient Chinese ◽  
Literary Techniques

The subject of this research is the adoption and development of the motifs of I. S. Turgenev’s “Poems in Prose” in the lyrical collection “Dragons, Tigers and Dogs” by Ba Jin, who was dubbed “China’s Turgenev”. Attention is focused on the analysis of literary techniques adopted by Ba Jin from Turgenev, such as: narrative methods, motifs of the dreams, latent psychologism and profound psychologism of the landscape, symbolism, and fundamental musicality of the text. The research material contains the lyrical cycles of both writers, author's commentaries, journal articles published in Russia and China dedicated to examination of Turgenev's impact upon the Chinese writers. The article employs the historical-functional and comparative methods of analysis. The author is first to explore the influence of Turgenev's “Poems in Prose” on the works of Ba Jin, which defines the scientific novelty of this research. Ba Jin's scrutiny of Turgenev's “Poems in Prose”, during his work on translations, is reflected in his collection on the level of symbolism and the choice of motifs, command of language and literary style overall. The musicality of Turgenev's “Poems in Prose” encouraged Ba Jin to pursue the new artistic expressiveness of the language. The aesthetic peculiarities of Turgenev's “Poems in Prose” are consonant with the traditions and aesthetic requests of the Ancient Chinese literature, which justifies the enduring popularity of Turgenev’s works in China.

scholarly journals EDUCATION AS A TOOL OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL DUTY TO TACKLE HOMOPHOBIA: POTENTIALITIES AND STRUGGLES

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 161-193
Author(s):  
Daniel Carvalho Cardinali
Keyword(s):  
Gender Ideology ◽  
Religious Discourse ◽  
The State ◽  
Politics Of Recognition ◽  
Male Domination ◽  
The Third ◽  
Cultural Field ◽  
Compulsory Heterosexuality ◽  
The Subject

This article aims to analyze the role the school can play in the struggle against homophobia. The first part will examine homophobia, understood as an injustice in the cultural field that derives from a model of compulsory heterosexuality and male domination, which calls for politics of recognition. Then it will be analyzed in what fashion these politics of recognition are set on the Constitution of 1988, in order to conclude that it establishes an obligation of the State to adopt them. On the basis of this premise, the third part examines the privileged potential that school assumes in this scenario, addressing the central role it plays in the production of homophobia and the role it may play in its unmaking. Finally, the debates and tensions regarding the subject will be analyzed, especially those that arose of conservative and religious discourse and the formulation of the category of “gender ideology”.

Life, Movement, and Desire

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renaud Barbaras
Keyword(s):  
Final Analysis ◽  
Vital Activity ◽  
Hans Jonas ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Satisfaction Of Needs ◽  
In Virtue Of ◽  
Living Being ◽  
Life Movement

AbstractIn French, the verb "to live" designates both being alive and the experience of something. This ambiguity has a philosophical meaning. The task of a phenomenology of life is to describe an originary sense of living from which the very distinction between life in the intransitive sense and life in the transitive, or intentional, sense proceeds. Hans Jonas is one of those rare authors who has tried to give an account of the specificity of life instead of reducing life to categories that are foreign to it. However, the concept of metabolism, by which Jonas characterizes vital activity, attests to a presupposition as to life: life is conceived as self-preservation, that is, as negation of death, in such a way that life is, in the end, not thought on the basis of itself. The aim of this article is to show that life as such must be understood as movement in a radicalized sense, in which the living being is no more the subject than the product. All living beings are in effect characterized by a movement, which nothing can cause to cease, a movement that largely exceeds what is required by the satisfaction of needs and that, because of this, bears witness to an essential incompleteness. This incompleteness reveals that life is originarily bound to a world. Because the world to which the living being relates is essentially non-totalizable and unpresentable, living movement can not essentially complete itself. Thus, in the final analysis, life must be defined as desire, and in virtue of this view, life does not tend toward self-preservation, as we have almost always thought, but toward the manifestation of the world.

scholarly journals PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS AS A MEANS OF ATTRACTION OF ENGLISH NEWSPAPER HEADLINES

2021 ◽  
pp. 96-105
Author(s):  
Tetiana Kinashchuk ◽  
Nataliia Sunko
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Sampling ◽  
Research Material ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Oxford Dictionary ◽  
Online Library ◽  
Newspaper Articles

The article is devoted to the study of the role of phraseological units in English newspaper headlines. The aim of the work is to study and analyze pragmatic functions of phraseological units in the headlines of modern British and American newspaper articles. The notion of phraseological unit is revealed and its features are defined. The subject of the study is 185 phraseological units belonging to three groups, namely: phraseological units with a component related to the field of colour, music and weather. The research material includes 9,200 headlines of English newspapers, dated 2014-2018 and selected from the Questia Online Library. Using the method of continuous sampling, we selected phraseological units from the dictionaries The Oxford Dictionary of Idioms, Dictionary of English Idioms & Phrases and McGraw-Hill’s Essential American Idioms Dictionary. In addition, the frequency of use of phraseological units of the three groups in the headlines of British and American discourses was studied and analyzed. The study found that the most common of the three groups was the group of phraseological units with a component related to the field of colour. The second most common is the group of phraseological units with a component related to the field of music, and the least numerous is the group of phraseological units with a component related to the field of weather. In addition, it was determined what phraseological units are the most common in English newspaper headlines and which ones are the least common.

scholarly journals Comparison of motivation of the Russian and Chinese terms (based on the material of linguistic terminology)

Litera ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 207-213
Author(s):  
Yalun' Tsi
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Chinese Language ◽  
Chinese Characters ◽  
Semantic Transparency ◽  
Continuous Sampling ◽  
Research Material ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
Russian Linguistic

One of the paramount peculiarities of the Chinese terms is their sinicization. Sinicization of the term is often viewed a translation and adaptation of foreign language terms to the specifics of Chinese language. This implies that the new word is being rooted in the Chinese “soil” and subsequently recognized as Chinese native. The subject of this research is the peculiarities of Chinese and Russian linguistic terminology. The goal is to compare the motivation of Chinese and Russian linguistic terminology and determine the influencing factors. The research material was collected from the Dacihai Dictionary and the Linguistic Encyclopedic Dictionary, and consists of more than 6,000 terminological units. The article employs the methods of description, comparison, and continuous sampling. The scientific novelty lies in determination of the factors that influence the motivation of Chinese linguistic terminology, as well as in its comparison with Russian linguistic terminology. The conclusion is made that Chinese terms have stronger motivation than Russian terms. On the one hand, Chinese characters are the ideograms that convey the thought in a motivational form, and offer more opportunities for increasing semantic transparency. On the other hand, the syllabic characteristics of Chinese language limit the possibility of transliteration of foreign words. With the exception of proper names, the Chinese terminology features a very few transliterated or partially transliterated terms.

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